Guide to the Secure Configuration of Debian 12

with profile Profile for ANSSI DAT-NT28 Minimal Level
This profile contains items to be applied systematically.
This guide presents a catalog of security-relevant configuration settings for Debian 12. It is a rendering of content structured in the eXtensible Configuration Checklist Description Format (XCCDF) in order to support security automation. The SCAP content is is available in the scap-security-guide package which is developed at https://www.open-scap.org/security-policies/scap-security-guide.

Providing system administrators with such guidance informs them how to securely configure systems under their control in a variety of network roles. Policy makers and baseline creators can use this catalog of settings, with its associated references to higher-level security control catalogs, in order to assist them in security baseline creation. This guide is a catalog, not a checklist, and satisfaction of every item is not likely to be possible or sensible in many operational scenarios. However, the XCCDF format enables granular selection and adjustment of settings, and their association with OVAL and OCIL content provides an automated checking capability. Transformations of this document, and its associated automated checking content, are capable of providing baselines that meet a diverse set of policy objectives. Some example XCCDF Profiles, which are selections of items that form checklists and can be used as baselines, are available with this guide. They can be processed, in an automated fashion, with tools that support the Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP). The DISA STIG, which provides required settings for US Department of Defense systems, is one example of a baseline created from this guidance.
Do not attempt to implement any of the settings in this guide without first testing them in a non-operational environment. The creators of this guidance assume no responsibility whatsoever for its use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied, about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic.

Profile Information

Profile TitleProfile for ANSSI DAT-NT28 Minimal Level
Profile IDxccdf_org.ssgproject.content_profile_anssi_np_nt28_minimal

CPE Platforms

  • cpe:/o:debian:debian_linux:12

Revision History

Current version: 0.1.75

  • draft (as of 2024-10-11)

Table of Contents

  1. System Settings
    1. Installing and Maintaining Software
    2. Configure Syslog
    3. File Permissions and Masks
  2. Services
    1. APT service configuration
    2. Deprecated services

Checklist

Group   Guide to the Secure Configuration of Debian 12   Group contains 11 groups and 24 rules
Group   System Settings   Group contains 7 groups and 18 rules
[ref]   Contains rules that check correct system settings.
Group   Installing and Maintaining Software   Group contains 1 group and 2 rules
[ref]   The following sections contain information on security-relevant choices during the initial operating system installation process and the setup of software updates.
Group   Sudo   Group contains 2 rules
[ref]   Sudo, which stands for "su 'do'", provides the ability to delegate authority to certain users, groups of users, or system administrators. When configured for system users and/or groups, Sudo can allow a user or group to execute privileged commands that normally only root is allowed to execute.

For more information on Sudo and addition Sudo configuration options, see https://www.sudo.ws.

Rule   Ensure Users Re-Authenticate for Privilege Escalation - sudo !authenticate   [ref]

The sudo !authenticate option, when specified, allows a user to execute commands using sudo without having to authenticate. This should be disabled by making sure that the !authenticate option does not exist in /etc/sudoers configuration file or any sudo configuration snippets in /etc/sudoers.d/.
Rationale:
Without re-authentication, users may access resources or perform tasks for which they do not have authorization.

When operating systems provide the capability to escalate a functional capability, it is critical that the user re-authenticate.
Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sudo_remove_no_authenticate
References:
cis-csc1, 12, 15, 16, 5
cobit5DSS05.04, DSS05.10, DSS06.03, DSS06.10
disaCCI-004895
isa-62443-20094.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9
isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9
iso27001-2013A.18.1.4, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.2.4, A.9.2.6, A.9.3.1, A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3
nistIA-11, CM-6(a)
nist-csfPR.AC-1, PR.AC-7
os-srgSRG-OS-000373-GPOS-00156, SRG-OS-000373-GPOS-00157, SRG-OS-000373-GPOS-00158

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:restrict
- name: Find /etc/sudoers.d/ files
  ansible.builtin.find:
    paths:
    - /etc/sudoers.d/
  register: sudoers
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-IA-11
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - restrict_strategy
  - sudo_remove_no_authenticate

- name: Remove lines containing !authenticate from sudoers files
  ansible.builtin.replace:
    regexp: (^(?!#).*[\s]+\!authenticate.*$)
    replace: '# \g<1>'
    path: '{{ item.path }}'
    validate: /usr/sbin/visudo -cf %s
  with_items:
  - path: /etc/sudoers
  - '{{ sudoers.files }}'
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-IA-11
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - restrict_strategy
  - sudo_remove_no_authenticate

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:restrict

for f in /etc/sudoers /etc/sudoers.d/* ; do
  if [ ! -e "$f" ] ; then
    continue
  fi
  matching_list=$(grep -P '^(?!#).*[\s]+\!authenticate.*$' $f | uniq )
  if ! test -z "$matching_list"; then
    while IFS= read -r entry; do
      # comment out "!authenticate" matches to preserve user data
      sed -i "s/^${entry}$/# &/g" $f
    done <<< "$matching_list"

    /usr/sbin/visudo -cf $f &> /dev/null || echo "Fail to validate $f with visudo"
  fi
done

Rule   Ensure Users Re-Authenticate for Privilege Escalation - sudo NOPASSWD   [ref]

The sudo NOPASSWD tag, when specified, allows a user to execute commands using sudo without having to authenticate. This should be disabled by making sure that the NOPASSWD tag does not exist in /etc/sudoers configuration file or any sudo configuration snippets in /etc/sudoers.d/.
Rationale:
Without re-authentication, users may access resources or perform tasks for which they do not have authorization.

When operating systems provide the capability to escalate a functional capability, it is critical that the user re-authenticate.
Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sudo_remove_nopasswd
References:
cis-csc1, 12, 15, 16, 5
cobit5DSS05.04, DSS05.10, DSS06.03, DSS06.10
disaCCI-004895
isa-62443-20094.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9
isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9
iso27001-2013A.18.1.4, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.2.4, A.9.2.6, A.9.3.1, A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3
nistIA-11, CM-6(a)
nist-csfPR.AC-1, PR.AC-7
os-srgSRG-OS-000373-GPOS-00156, SRG-OS-000373-GPOS-00157, SRG-OS-000373-GPOS-00158

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:restrict
- name: Find /etc/sudoers.d/ files
  ansible.builtin.find:
    paths:
    - /etc/sudoers.d/
  register: sudoers
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-IA-11
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - restrict_strategy
  - sudo_remove_nopasswd

- name: Remove lines containing NOPASSWD from sudoers files
  ansible.builtin.replace:
    regexp: (^(?!#).*[\s]+NOPASSWD[\s]*\:.*$)
    replace: '# \g<1>'
    path: '{{ item.path }}'
    validate: /usr/sbin/visudo -cf %s
  with_items:
  - path: /etc/sudoers
  - '{{ sudoers.files }}'
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-IA-11
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - restrict_strategy
  - sudo_remove_nopasswd

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:restrict

for f in /etc/sudoers /etc/sudoers.d/* ; do
  if [ ! -e "$f" ] ; then
    continue
  fi
  matching_list=$(grep -P '^(?!#).*[\s]+NOPASSWD[\s]*\:.*$' $f | uniq )
  if ! test -z "$matching_list"; then
    while IFS= read -r entry; do
      # comment out "NOPASSWD" matches to preserve user data
      sed -i "s/^${entry}$/# &/g" $f
    done <<< "$matching_list"

    /usr/sbin/visudo -cf $f &> /dev/null || echo "Fail to validate $f with visudo"
  fi
done
Group   Configure Syslog   Group contains 1 group and 4 rules
[ref]   The syslog service has been the default Unix logging mechanism for many years. It has a number of downsides, including inconsistent log format, lack of authentication for received messages, and lack of authentication, encryption, or reliable transport for messages sent over a network. However, due to its long history, syslog is a de facto standard which is supported by almost all Unix applications.

In Debian 12, rsyslog has replaced ksyslogd as the syslog daemon of choice, and it includes some additional security features such as reliable, connection-oriented (i.e. TCP) transmission of logs, the option to log to database formats, and the encryption of log data en route to a central logging server. This section discusses how to configure rsyslog for best effect, and how to use tools provided with the system to maintain and monitor logs.
Group   Configure rsyslogd to Accept Remote Messages If Acting as a Log Server   Group contains 2 rules
[ref]   By default, rsyslog does not listen over the network for log messages. If needed, modules can be enabled to allow the rsyslog daemon to receive messages from other systems and for the system thus to act as a log server. If the system is not a log server, then lines concerning these modules should remain commented out.

Rule   Ensure syslog-ng is Installed   [ref]

syslog-ng can be installed in replacement of rsyslog. The syslog-ng-core package can be installed with the following command:
$ apt-get install syslog-ng-core
Rationale:
The syslog-ng-core package provides the syslog-ng daemon, which provides system logging services.
Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_syslogng_installed
References:
cis-csc1, 14, 15, 16, 3, 5, 6
cobit5APO11.04, BAI03.05, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, MEA02.01
disaCCI-001311, CCI-001312
isa-62443-20094.3.3.3.9, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.4.4.7, 4.4.2.1, 4.4.2.2, 4.4.2.4
isa-62443-2013SR 2.10, SR 2.11, SR 2.12, SR 2.8, SR 2.9
iso27001-2013A.12.4.1, A.12.4.2, A.12.4.3, A.12.4.4, A.12.7.1
nistCM-6(a)
nist-csfPR.PT-1

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:enable
- name: Ensure syslog-ng is installed
  package:
    name: syslog-ng
    state: present
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - enable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - package_syslogng_installed

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:enable
include install_syslog-ng

class install_syslog-ng {
  package { 'syslog-ng':
    ensure => 'installed',
  }
}

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:enable
# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y "syslog-ng"

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi


[[packages]]
name = "syslog-ng"
version = "*"

Rule   Enable syslog-ng Service   [ref]

The syslog-ng service (in replacement of rsyslog) provides syslog-style logging by default on Debian. The syslog-ng service can be enabled with the following command:
$ sudo systemctl enable syslog-ng.service
Rationale:
The syslog-ng service must be running in order to provide logging services, which are essential to system administration.
Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_syslogng_enabled
References:
cis-csc1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
cobit5APO10.01, APO10.03, APO10.04, APO10.05, APO11.04, APO13.01, BAI03.05, BAI04.04, DSS01.03, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, MEA01.01, MEA01.02, MEA01.03, MEA01.04, MEA01.05, MEA02.01
disaCCI-001311, CCI-001312, CCI-001557, CCI-001851
isa-62443-20094.3.2.6.7, 4.3.3.3.9, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.4.4.7, 4.4.2.1, 4.4.2.2, 4.4.2.4
isa-62443-2013SR 2.10, SR 2.11, SR 2.12, SR 2.8, SR 2.9, SR 6.1, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2
iso27001-2013A.12.1.3, A.12.4.1, A.12.4.2, A.12.4.3, A.12.4.4, A.12.7.1, A.14.2.7, A.15.2.1, A.15.2.2, A.17.2.1
nistCM-6(a), AU-4(1)
nist-csfDE.CM-1, DE.CM-3, DE.CM-7, ID.SC-4, PR.DS-4, PR.PT-1

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:enable
- name: Enable syslog-ng Service - Enable service syslog-ng
  block:

  - name: Gather the package facts
    package_facts:
      manager: auto

  - name: Enable syslog-ng Service - Enable Service syslog-ng
    ansible.builtin.systemd:
      name: syslog-ng
      enabled: true
      state: started
      masked: false
    when:
    - '"syslog-ng" in ansible_facts.packages'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-AU-4(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - enable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - service_syslogng_enabled

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:enable
include enable_syslog-ng

class enable_syslog-ng {
  service {'syslog-ng':
    enable => true,
    ensure => 'running',
  }
}


[customizations.services]
enabled = ["syslog-ng"]

Rule   Ensure rsyslog is Installed   [ref]

Rsyslog is installed by default. The rsyslog package can be installed with the following command:
 $ apt-get install rsyslog
Rationale:
The rsyslog package provides the rsyslog daemon, which provides system logging services.
Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_rsyslog_installed
References:
cis-csc1, 14, 15, 16, 3, 5, 6
cobit5APO11.04, BAI03.05, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, MEA02.01
disaCCI-000366, CCI-000154, CCI-001851
hipaa164.312(a)(2)(ii)
isa-62443-20094.3.3.3.9, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.4.4.7, 4.4.2.1, 4.4.2.2, 4.4.2.4
isa-62443-2013SR 2.10, SR 2.11, SR 2.12, SR 2.8, SR 2.9
iso27001-2013A.12.4.1, A.12.4.2, A.12.4.3, A.12.4.4, A.12.7.1
nistCM-6(a)
nist-csfPR.PT-1
os-srgSRG-OS-000479-GPOS-00224, SRG-OS-000051-GPOS-00024, SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:enable
- name: Ensure rsyslog is installed
  package:
    name: rsyslog
    state: present
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - enable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - package_rsyslog_installed

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:enable
include install_rsyslog

class install_rsyslog {
  package { 'rsyslog':
    ensure => 'installed',
  }
}

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:enable
# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y "rsyslog"

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi


[[packages]]
name = "rsyslog"
version = "*"

Rule   Enable rsyslog Service   [ref]

The rsyslog service provides syslog-style logging by default on Debian 12. The rsyslog service can be enabled with the following command:
$ sudo systemctl enable rsyslog.service
Rationale:
The rsyslog service must be running in order to provide logging services, which are essential to system administration.
Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_rsyslog_enabled
References:
cis-csc1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
cobit5APO10.01, APO10.03, APO10.04, APO10.05, APO11.04, APO13.01, BAI03.05, BAI04.04, DSS01.03, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, MEA01.01, MEA01.02, MEA01.03, MEA01.04, MEA01.05, MEA02.01
disaCCI-000366
hipaa164.312(a)(2)(ii)
isa-62443-20094.3.2.6.7, 4.3.3.3.9, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.4.4.7, 4.4.2.1, 4.4.2.2, 4.4.2.4
isa-62443-2013SR 2.10, SR 2.11, SR 2.12, SR 2.8, SR 2.9, SR 6.1, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2
iso27001-2013A.12.1.3, A.12.4.1, A.12.4.2, A.12.4.3, A.12.4.4, A.12.7.1, A.14.2.7, A.15.2.1, A.15.2.2, A.17.2.1
nistCM-6(a), AU-4(1)
nist-csfDE.CM-1, DE.CM-3, DE.CM-7, ID.SC-4, PR.DS-4, PR.PT-1
os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:enable
- name: Enable rsyslog Service - Enable service rsyslog
  block:

  - name: Gather the package facts
    package_facts:
      manager: auto

  - name: Enable rsyslog Service - Enable Service rsyslog
    ansible.builtin.systemd:
      name: rsyslog
      enabled: true
      state: started
      masked: false
    when:
    - '"rsyslog" in ansible_facts.packages'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-AU-4(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - enable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - service_rsyslog_enabled

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:enable
include enable_rsyslog

class enable_rsyslog {
  service {'rsyslog':
    enable => true,
    ensure => 'running',
  }
}


[customizations.services]
enabled = ["rsyslog"]
Group   File Permissions and Masks   Group contains 2 groups and 12 rules
[ref]   Traditional Unix security relies heavily on file and directory permissions to prevent unauthorized users from reading or modifying files to which they should not have access.

Several of the commands in this section search filesystems for files or directories with certain characteristics, and are intended to be run on every local partition on a given system. When the variable PART appears in one of the commands below, it means that the command is intended to be run repeatedly, with the name of each local partition substituted for PART in turn.

The following command prints a list of all xfs partitions on the local system, which is the default filesystem for Debian 12 installations:
$ mount -t xfs | awk '{print $3}'
For any systems that use a different local filesystem type, modify this command as appropriate.
Group   Verify Permissions on Important Files and Directories   Group contains 1 group and 12 rules
[ref]   Permissions for many files on a system must be set restrictively to ensure sensitive information is properly protected. This section discusses important permission restrictions which can be verified to ensure that no harmful discrepancies have arisen.
Group   Verify Permissions on Files with Local Account Information and Credentials   Group contains 12 rules

Rule   Verify Group Who Owns group File   [ref]

To properly set the group owner of /etc/group, run the command:
$ sudo chgrp root /etc/group
Rationale:
The /etc/group file contains information regarding groups that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is important for system security.
Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_etc_group
References:
cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cjis5.5.2.2
cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
disaCCI-000366
isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
pcidssReq-8.7.c
os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
anssiR50
pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:configure
- name: Test for existence /etc/group
  stat:
    path: /etc/group
  register: file_exists
  tags:
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_groupowner_etc_group
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure group owner 0 on /etc/group
  file:
    path: /etc/group
    group: '0'
  when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
  tags:
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_groupowner_etc_group
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:configure
chgrp 0 /etc/group

Rule   Verify Group Who Owns gshadow File   [ref]

To properly set the group owner of /etc/gshadow, run the command:
$ sudo chgrp shadow /etc/gshadow
Rationale:
The /etc/gshadow file contains group password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security.
Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_etc_gshadow
References:
cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
disaCCI-000366
isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
anssiR50

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:configure
- name: Test for existence /etc/gshadow
  stat:
    path: /etc/gshadow
  register: file_exists
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - configure_strategy
  - file_groupowner_etc_gshadow
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure group owner 42 on /etc/gshadow
  file:
    path: /etc/gshadow
    group: '42'
  when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - configure_strategy
  - file_groupowner_etc_gshadow
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:configure
chgrp 42 /etc/gshadow

Rule   Verify Group Who Owns passwd File   [ref]

To properly set the group owner of /etc/passwd, run the command:
$ sudo chgrp root /etc/passwd
Rationale:
The /etc/passwd file contains information about the users that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is critical for system security.
Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_etc_passwd
References:
cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cjis5.5.2.2
cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
disaCCI-000366
isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
pcidssReq-8.7.c
os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
anssiR50
pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:configure
- name: Test for existence /etc/passwd
  stat:
    path: /etc/passwd
  register: file_exists
  tags:
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_groupowner_etc_passwd
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure group owner 0 on /etc/passwd
  file:
    path: /etc/passwd
    group: '0'
  when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
  tags:
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_groupowner_etc_passwd
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:configure
chgrp 0 /etc/passwd

Rule   Verify Group Who Owns shadow File   [ref]

To properly set the group owner of /etc/shadow, run the command:
$ sudo chgrp shadow /etc/shadow
Rationale:
The /etc/shadow file stores password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security.
Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_etc_shadow
References:
cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cjis5.5.2.2
cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
disaCCI-000366
isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
pcidssReq-8.7.c
os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
anssiR50
pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:configure
- name: Test for existence /etc/shadow
  stat:
    path: /etc/shadow
  register: file_exists
  tags:
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_groupowner_etc_shadow
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure group owner 42 on /etc/shadow
  file:
    path: /etc/shadow
    group: '42'
  when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
  tags:
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_groupowner_etc_shadow
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:configure
chgrp 42 /etc/shadow

Rule   Verify User Who Owns group File   [ref]

To properly set the owner of /etc/group, run the command:
$ sudo chown root /etc/group 
Rationale:
The /etc/group file contains information regarding groups that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is important for system security.
Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_etc_group
References:
cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cjis5.5.2.2
cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
disaCCI-000366
isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
pcidssReq-8.7.c
os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
anssiR50
pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:configure
- name: Test for existence /etc/group
  stat:
    path: /etc/group
  register: file_exists
  tags:
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_owner_etc_group
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure owner 0 on /etc/group
  file:
    path: /etc/group
    owner: '0'
  when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
  tags:
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_owner_etc_group
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:configure
chown 0 /etc/group

Rule   Verify User Who Owns gshadow File   [ref]

To properly set the owner of /etc/gshadow, run the command:
$ sudo chown root /etc/gshadow 
Rationale:
The /etc/gshadow file contains group password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security.
Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_etc_gshadow
References:
cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
disaCCI-000366
isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
anssiR50

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:configure
- name: Test for existence /etc/gshadow
  stat:
    path: /etc/gshadow
  register: file_exists
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - configure_strategy
  - file_owner_etc_gshadow
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure owner 0 on /etc/gshadow
  file:
    path: /etc/gshadow
    owner: '0'
  when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - configure_strategy
  - file_owner_etc_gshadow
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:configure
chown 0 /etc/gshadow

Rule   Verify User Who Owns passwd File   [ref]

To properly set the owner of /etc/passwd, run the command:
$ sudo chown root /etc/passwd 
Rationale:
The /etc/passwd file contains information about the users that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is critical for system security.
Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_etc_passwd
References:
cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cjis5.5.2.2
cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
disaCCI-000366
isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
pcidssReq-8.7.c
os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
anssiR50
pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:configure
- name: Test for existence /etc/passwd
  stat:
    path: /etc/passwd
  register: file_exists
  tags:
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_owner_etc_passwd
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure owner 0 on /etc/passwd
  file:
    path: /etc/passwd
    owner: '0'
  when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
  tags:
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_owner_etc_passwd
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:configure
chown 0 /etc/passwd

Rule   Verify User Who Owns shadow File   [ref]

To properly set the owner of /etc/shadow, run the command:
$ sudo chown root /etc/shadow 
Rationale:
The /etc/shadow file contains the list of local system accounts and stores password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security. Failure to give ownership of this file to root provides the designated owner with access to sensitive information which could weaken the system security posture.
Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_etc_shadow
References:
cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cjis5.5.2.2
cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
disaCCI-000366
isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
pcidssReq-8.7.c
os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
anssiR50
pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:configure
- name: Test for existence /etc/shadow
  stat:
    path: /etc/shadow
  register: file_exists
  tags:
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_owner_etc_shadow
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure owner 0 on /etc/shadow
  file:
    path: /etc/shadow
    owner: '0'
  when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
  tags:
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_owner_etc_shadow
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:configure
chown 0 /etc/shadow

Rule   Verify Permissions on group File   [ref]

To properly set the permissions of /etc/group, run the command:
$ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/group
Rationale:
The /etc/group file contains information regarding groups that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is important for system security.
Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_etc_group
References:
cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cjis5.5.2.2
cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
disaCCI-000366
isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
pcidssReq-8.7.c
os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
anssiR50
pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:configure
- name: Test for existence /etc/group
  stat:
    path: /etc/group
  register: file_exists
  tags:
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_permissions_etc_group
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure permission u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt on /etc/group
  file:
    path: /etc/group
    mode: u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt
  when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
  tags:
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_permissions_etc_group
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:configure





chmod u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt /etc/group

Rule   Verify Permissions on gshadow File   [ref]

To properly set the permissions of /etc/gshadow, run the command:
$ sudo chmod 0640 /etc/gshadow
Rationale:
The /etc/gshadow file contains group password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security.
Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_etc_gshadow
References:
cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
disaCCI-000366
isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
anssiR50

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:configure
- name: Test for existence /etc/gshadow
  stat:
    path: /etc/gshadow
  register: file_exists
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - configure_strategy
  - file_permissions_etc_gshadow
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure permission u-xs,g-xws,o-xwrt on /etc/gshadow
  file:
    path: /etc/gshadow
    mode: u-xs,g-xws,o-xwrt
  when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - configure_strategy
  - file_permissions_etc_gshadow
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:configure





chmod u-xs,g-xws,o-xwrt /etc/gshadow

Rule   Verify Permissions on passwd File   [ref]

To properly set the permissions of /etc/passwd, run the command:
$ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/passwd
Rationale:
If the /etc/passwd file is writable by a group-owner or the world the risk of its compromise is increased. The file contains the list of accounts on the system and associated information, and protection of this file is critical for system security.
Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_etc_passwd
References:
cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cjis5.5.2.2
cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
disaCCI-000366
isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
pcidssReq-8.7.c
os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
anssiR50
pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:configure
- name: Test for existence /etc/passwd
  stat:
    path: /etc/passwd
  register: file_exists
  tags:
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_permissions_etc_passwd
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure permission u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt on /etc/passwd
  file:
    path: /etc/passwd
    mode: u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt
  when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
  tags:
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_permissions_etc_passwd
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:configure





chmod u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt /etc/passwd

Rule   Verify Permissions on shadow File   [ref]

To properly set the permissions of /etc/shadow, run the command:
$ sudo chmod 0640 /etc/shadow
Rationale:
The /etc/shadow file contains the list of local system accounts and stores password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security. Failure to give ownership of this file to root provides the designated owner with access to sensitive information which could weaken the system security posture.
Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_etc_shadow
References:
cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cjis5.5.2.2
cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
disaCCI-000366
isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
pcidssReq-8.7.c
os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
anssiR50
pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:configure
- name: Test for existence /etc/shadow
  stat:
    path: /etc/shadow
  register: file_exists
  tags:
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_permissions_etc_shadow
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure permission u-xs,g-xws,o-xwrt on /etc/shadow
  file:
    path: /etc/shadow
    mode: u-xs,g-xws,o-xwrt
  when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
  tags:
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_permissions_etc_shadow
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:configure





chmod u-xs,g-xws,o-xwrt /etc/shadow
Group   Services   Group contains 2 groups and 6 rules
[ref]   The best protection against vulnerable software is running less software. This section describes how to review the software which Debian 12 installs on a system and disable software which is not needed. It then enumerates the software packages installed on a default Debian 12 system and provides guidance about which ones can be safely disabled.

Debian 12 provides a convenient minimal install option that essentially installs the bare necessities for a functional system. When building Debian 12 systems, it is highly recommended to select the minimal packages and then build up the system from there.
Group   APT service configuration   Group contains 2 rules
[ref]   The apt service manage the package management and update of the whole system. Its configuration need to be properly defined to ensure efficient security updates, packages and repository authentication and proper lifecycle management.

Rule   Disable unauthenticated repositories in APT configuration   [ref]

Unauthenticated repositories should not be used for updates.
Rationale:
Repositories hosts all packages that will be intsalled on the system during update. If a repository is not authenticated, the associated packages can't be trusted, and then should not be installed localy.
Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_apt_conf_disallow_unauthenticated
References:
disaCCI-003992
os-srgSRG-OS-000366-GPOS-00153

Rule   Ensure that official distribution repositories are used   [ref]

Check that official Debian repositories, including security repository, are configured in apt.
Rationale:
The Debian distribution deliver DSA (Debian Security Announce), through the official Debian security repository, to correct various vulnerabilities impacting the Debian packages. Using the official repositories is the best way to ensure that the Debian updates are integrated soon enough.
Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_apt_sources_list_official
Group   Deprecated services   Group contains 4 rules
[ref]   Some deprecated software services impact the overall system security due to their behavior (leak of confidentiality in network exchange, usage as uncontrolled communication channel, risk associated with the service due to its old age, etc.

Rule   Uninstall the inet-based telnet server   [ref]

The inet-based telnet daemon should be uninstalled.
Rationale:
telnet allows clear text communications, and does not protect any data transmission between client and server. Any confidential data can be listened and no integrity checking is made.
Severity: 
high
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_inetutils-telnetd_removed
References:
cis-csc11, 12, 14, 15, 3, 8, 9
cobit5APO13.01, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.04, DSS05.02, DSS05.03, DSS05.05, DSS06.06
isa-62443-20094.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 7.1, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013A.11.2.6, A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.2.1, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.6.2.1, A.6.2.2, A.9.1.2
nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a)
nist-csfPR.AC-3, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:disable
- name: Ensure inetutils-telnetd is removed
  package:
    name: inetutils-telnetd
    state: absent
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - disable_strategy
  - high_severity
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - no_reboot_needed
  - package_inetutils-telnetd_removed

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:disable
include remove_inetutils-telnetd

class remove_inetutils-telnetd {
  package { 'inetutils-telnetd':
    ensure => 'purged',
  }
}

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:disable

# CAUTION: This remediation script will remove inetutils-telnetd
#	   from the system, and may remove any packages
#	   that depend on inetutils-telnetd. Execute this
#	   remediation AFTER testing on a non-production
#	   system!

DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get remove -y "inetutils-telnetd"

Rule   Uninstall the nis package   [ref]

The support for Yellowpages should not be installed unless it is required.
Rationale:
NIS is the historical SUN service for central account management, more and more replaced by LDAP. NIS does not support efficiently security constraints, ACL, etc. and should not be used.
Severity: 
low
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_nis_removed

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:disable
- name: Ensure nis is removed
  package:
    name: nis
    state: absent
  tags:
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - low_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - package_nis_removed

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:disable
include remove_nis

class remove_nis {
  package { 'nis':
    ensure => 'purged',
  }
}

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:disable

# CAUTION: This remediation script will remove nis
#	   from the system, and may remove any packages
#	   that depend on nis. Execute this
#	   remediation AFTER testing on a non-production
#	   system!

DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get remove -y "nis"

Rule   Uninstall the ssl compliant telnet server   [ref]

The telnet daemon, even with ssl support, should be uninstalled.
Rationale:
telnet, even with ssl support, should not be installed. When remote shell is required, up-to-date ssh daemon can be used.
Severity: 
high
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_telnetd-ssl_removed
References:
cis-csc11, 12, 14, 15, 3, 8, 9
cobit5APO13.01, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.04, DSS05.02, DSS05.03, DSS05.05, DSS06.06
isa-62443-20094.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 7.1, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013A.11.2.6, A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.2.1, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.6.2.1, A.6.2.2, A.9.1.2
nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a)
nist-csfPR.AC-3, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:disable
- name: Ensure telnetd-ssl is removed
  package:
    name: telnetd-ssl
    state: absent
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - disable_strategy
  - high_severity
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - no_reboot_needed
  - package_telnetd-ssl_removed

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:disable
include remove_telnetd-ssl

class remove_telnetd-ssl {
  package { 'telnetd-ssl':
    ensure => 'purged',
  }
}

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:disable

# CAUTION: This remediation script will remove telnetd-ssl
#	   from the system, and may remove any packages
#	   that depend on telnetd-ssl. Execute this
#	   remediation AFTER testing on a non-production
#	   system!

DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get remove -y "telnetd-ssl"

Rule   Uninstall the telnet server   [ref]

The telnet daemon should be uninstalled.
Rationale:
telnet allows clear text communications, and does not protect any data transmission between client and server. Any confidential data can be listened and no integrity checking is made.'
Severity: 
high
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_telnetd_removed
References:
cis-csc11, 12, 14, 15, 3, 8, 9
cobit5APO13.01, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.04, DSS05.02, DSS05.03, DSS05.05, DSS06.06
isa-62443-20094.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 7.1, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013A.11.2.6, A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.2.1, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.6.2.1, A.6.2.2, A.9.1.2
nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a)
nist-csfPR.AC-3, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:disable
- name: Ensure telnetd is removed
  package:
    name: telnetd
    state: absent
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - disable_strategy
  - high_severity
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - no_reboot_needed
  - package_telnetd_removed

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:disable
include remove_telnetd

class remove_telnetd {
  package { 'telnetd':
    ensure => 'purged',
  }
}

Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:false
Strategy:disable

# CAUTION: This remediation script will remove telnetd
#	   from the system, and may remove any packages
#	   that depend on telnetd. Execute this
#	   remediation AFTER testing on a non-production
#	   system!

DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get remove -y "telnetd"
Red Hat and Red Hat Enterprise Linux are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Red Hat, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All other names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective companies.