| Group
Guide to the Secure Configuration of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4
Group contains 21 groups and 120 rules |
| Group
Kubernetes Settings
Group contains 20 groups and 120 rules |
[ref]
Each section of this configuration guide includes information about the
configuration of a Kubernetes cluster and a set of recommendations for
hardening the configuration. For each hardening recommendation, information
on how to implement the control and/or how to verify or audit the control
is provided. In some cases, remediation information is also provided.
Some of the settings in the hardening guide are in place by default. The
audit information for these settings is provided in order to verify that
the cluster administrator has not made changes that would be less secure.
A small number of items require configuration.
Finally, there are some recommendations that require decisions by the
system operator, such as audit log size, retention, and related settings. |
| Group
System and Software Integrity
Group contains 1 group and 3 rules |
[ref]
System and software integrity can be gained by installing antivirus, increasing
system encryption strength with FIPS, verifying installed software, enabling SELinux,
installing an Intrusion Prevention System, etc. However, installing or enabling integrity
checking tools cannot prevent intrusions, but they can detect that an intrusion
may have occurred. Requirements for integrity checking may be highly dependent on
the environment in which the system will be used. |
| Group
System Cryptographic Policies
Group contains 2 rules |
[ref]
OpenShift has the capability to centrally configure cryptographic polices. |
Rule
Ensure that full disk encryption is configured on cluster nodes
[ref] | When full disk encryption is chosen as a way to protect card data at rest, OpenShift can provide
several solutions depending on the hosting environment.
While LUKS (with TPM2 or Tang) can be used for bare metal use cases, cloud-provider specific
disk encryption can be used as well. [1][2]
[1] https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/latest/machine_management/creating_machinesets/creating-machineset-azure.html#machineset-enabling-customer-managed-encryption-azure_creating-machineset-azure
[2] https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/latest/machine_management/creating_machinesets/creating-machineset-gcp.html#machineset-enabling-customer-managed-encryption_creating-machineset-gcp Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
/apis/machineconfiguration.openshift.io/v1/machineconfigs
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
[.items[] | select(.metadata.name | test("^rendered-worker-[0-9a-z]+$|^rendered-master-[0-9a-z]+$"))] | map(.spec.fips == true)
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/apis/machineconfiguration.openshift.io/v1/machineconfigs#ab7e02a1c3f44ae48f843ce3dee7b948d624d2f702b9428760efbfd4653847ba
file.
/apis/machineconfiguration.openshift.io/v1/machineconfigs
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
[.items[] | select(.metadata.name | test("^rendered-worker-[0-9a-z]+$|^rendered-master-[0-9a-z]+$"))] | map(.spec.config.storage.luks[0].clevis != null)
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/apis/machineconfiguration.openshift.io/v1/machineconfigs#9fab597988075d76a1c081cdc533f05623251a854b9936a08ae52cca5fc5a311
file.
/apis/machine.openshift.io/v1beta1/machinesets?limit=500
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
[.items[] | .spec.template.spec.providerSpec.value.blockDevices[0].ebs.encrypted] | map(. == true)
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/apis/machine.openshift.io/v1beta1/machinesets?limit=500#06ea2adfb5429a7351e7bd78b7ec378225e0d3256c4c9e4e3b2ce59900959267
file.
/apis/machine.openshift.io/v1beta1/machinesets?limit=500
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
[.items[] | select(.spec.template.spec.providerSpec.value.osDisk.managedDisk.diskEncryptionSet.id != null) | .metadata.name]
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/apis/machine.openshift.io/v1beta1/machinesets?limit=500#b9dfb8d8585cff7f72cd7403be3b5790ff7716fbe23facf6e251712ade7d60c1
file.
/apis/machine.openshift.io/v1beta1/machinesets?limit=500
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
[.items[] | select(.spec.template.spec.providerSpec.value.disks[0].encryptionKey.kmsKey.name != null) | .metadata.name]
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/apis/machine.openshift.io/v1beta1/machinesets?limit=500#4de267a890d70235b0f43110ee972bee760ecce356b1e9cb910f99cc33a02cc2
file.
| | Rationale: | Use of weak or untested encryption algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption to
protect data. The system must implement cryptographic modules adhering to the higher
standards approved by the federal government since this provides assurance they have been tested
and validated. | | Severity: | high | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_machine_volume_encrypted | | Identifiers: | CCE-85858-9 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Ensure that EBS volumes declared in storageclasses are encrypted
[ref] | OpenShift StorageClasses can be configured to enable EBS encryption on
EBS volumes that are used later as persistent volumes. By using EBS encryption, disk contents are
encrypted using an AWS KMS key. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
/apis/storage.k8s.io/v1/storageclasses
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
[.items[] | select (.provisioner == "kubernetes.io/aws-ebs" or .provisioner == "ebs.csi.aws.com")] | map(.parameters.encrypted)
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/apis/storage.k8s.io/v1/storageclasses#3e3f126438c7acfff7ad59d8faedab98eb07303ab73fb4602e3d01e9800d29f1
file.
| | Rationale: | Enabling encryption on EBS storage used as PersistentVolumes help protect any card holder data that might be persisted
on those EBS volumes. Only authorized AWS resources will be able, through IAM policies, to use the KMS key to eventually
read or alter data on those volumes. | | Severity: | high | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_storageclass_encryption_enabled | | Identifiers: | CCE-85861-3 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Ensure that File Integrity Operator is scanning the cluster
[ref] | The File Integrity Operator
continually runs file integrity checks on the cluster nodes.
It deploys a daemon set that initializes and runs privileged AIDE
containers on each node, providing a status object with a log of files
that are modified during the initial run of the daemon set pods. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/fileintegrity.openshift.io/v1alpha1/fileintegrities?limit=5 API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/fileintegrity.openshift.io/v1alpha1/fileintegrities?limit=5 file. | | Rationale: | File integrity scanning able to detect potential and unauthorised access. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_integrity_exists | | Identifiers: | CCE-83657-7 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-003-8 R6, CIP-007-3 R4, CIP-007-3 R4.1, CIP-007-3 R4.2 | | nist | SC-4(23), SI-6, SI-7, SI-7(1), CM-6(a), SI-7(2), SI-4(24) | | pcidss | Req-10.5.5, Req-11.5 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000516-CTR-001325 | | bsi | APP.4.4.A17 | | pcidss4 | 10.3.4, 10.3, 11.5.2 |
| |
|
| Group
Kubernetes - Account and Access Control
Group contains 2 rules |
[ref]
In traditional Unix security, if an attacker gains
shell access to a certain login account, they can perform any action
or access any file to which that account has access. The same
idea applies to cloud technology such as Kubernetes. Therefore,
making it more difficult for unauthorized people to gain shell
access to accounts, particularly to privileged accounts, is a
necessary part of securing a system. This section introduces
mechanisms for restricting access to accounts under
Kubernetes. |
Rule
Restrict Automounting of Service Account Tokens
[ref] | Service accounts tokens should not be mounted in pods except where the workload
running in the pod explicitly needs to communicate with the API server.
To ensure pods do not automatically mount tokens, set
automountServiceAccountToken to false. | | Rationale: | Mounting service account tokens inside pods can provide an avenue
for privilege escalation attacks where an attacker is able to
compromise a single pod in the cluster. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_restrict_service_account_tokens | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Ensure Usage of Unique Service Accounts
[ref] | Using the default service account prevents accurate application
rights review and audit tracing. Instead of default, create
a new and unique service account with the following command:
$ oc create sa service_account_name
where service_account_name is the name of a service account
that is needed in the project namespace. | | Rationale: | Kubernetes provides a default service account which is used by
cluster workloads where no specific service account is assigned to the pod.
Where access to the Kubernetes API from a pod is required, a specific service account
should be created for that pod, and rights granted to that service account.
This increases auditability of service account rights and access making it
easier and more accurate to trace potential malicious behaviors to a specific
service account and project. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_unique_service_account | | References: | | |
|
| Group
OpenShift Kube API Server
Group contains 39 rules |
[ref]
This section contains recommendations for kube-apiserver configuration. |
Rule
Disable the AlwaysAdmit Admission Control Plugin
[ref] | To ensure OpenShift only responses to requests explicitly allowed by the
admission control plugin. Check that the config ConfigMap object does not
contain the AlwaysAdmit plugin. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[.data."config.json" | fromjson]{{else}}[.data."config.yaml" | fromjson]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#ffe65d9fac11909686e59349c6a0111aaf57caa26bd2db3e7dcb1a0a22899145
file.
| | Rationale: | Enabling the admission control plugin AlwaysAdmit allows all
requests and does not provide any filtering. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_admission_control_plugin_alwaysadmit | | Identifiers: | CCE-84148-6 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Ensure that the Admission Control Plugin AlwaysPullImages is not set
[ref] | The AlwaysPullImages admission control plugin should be disabled,
since it can introduce new failure modes for control plane components if an
image registry is unreachable. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[.data."config.json" | fromjson]{{else}}[.data."config.yaml" | fromjson]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#ffe65d9fac11909686e59349c6a0111aaf57caa26bd2db3e7dcb1a0a22899145
file.
| | Rationale: | Setting admission control policy to AlwaysPullImages forces every new pod
to pull the required images every time. In a multi-tenant cluster users can
be assured that their private images can only be used by those who have the
credentials to pull them. Without this admission control policy, once an
image has been pulled to a node, any pod from any user can use it simply by
knowing the image’s name, without any authorization check against the image
ownership. When this plug-in is enabled, images are always pulled prior to
starting containers, which means valid credentials are required.
However, turning on this admission plugin can introduce new kinds of
cluster failure modes. OpenShift 4 master and infrastructure components are
deployed as pods. Enabling this feature can result in cases where loss of
contact to an image registry can cause a redeployed infrastructure pod
(oauth-server for example) to fail on an image pull for an image that is
currently present on the node. We use PullIfNotPresent so that a loss of
image registry access does not prevent the pod from starting. If it
becomes PullAlways, then an image registry access outage can cause key
infrastructure components to fail.
The pull policy can be managed per container, using
imagePullPolicy. | | Severity: | high | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_admission_control_plugin_alwayspullimages | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Enable the NamespaceLifecycle Admission Control Plugin
[ref] | OpenShift enables the NamespaceLifecycle plugin by default. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}.data."config.json" | fromjson{{else}}.data."config.yaml" | fromjson{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#54842ba5cf821644f2727625c1518eba2de6e6b7ae318043d0bf7ccc9570e430
file.
| | Rationale: | Setting admission control policy to NamespaceLifecycle ensures that
objects cannot be created in non-existent namespaces, and that namespaces
undergoing termination are not used for creating new objects. This
is recommended to enforce the integrity of the namespace termination process
and also for the availability of new objects. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_admission_control_plugin_namespacelifecycle | | Identifiers: | CCE-83854-0 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Enable the NodeRestriction Admission Control Plugin
[ref] | To limit the Node and Pod objects that a kubelet could modify,
ensure that the NodeRestriction plugin on kubelets is enabled in
the api-server configuration by running the following command:
$ oc -n openshift-kube-apiserver get configmap config -o json | jq -r '.data."config.yaml"' | jq '.apiServerArguments."enable-admission-plugins"'
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}.data."config.json" | fromjson{{else}}.data."config.yaml" | fromjson{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#54842ba5cf821644f2727625c1518eba2de6e6b7ae318043d0bf7ccc9570e430
file.
| | Rationale: | Using the NodeRestriction plugin ensures that the kubelet is
restricted to the Node and Pod objects that it could
modify as defined. Such kubelets will only be allowed to modify their
own Node API object, and only modify Pod API objects
that are bound to their node. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_admission_control_plugin_noderestriction | | Identifiers: | CCE-83753-4 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Enable the SecurityContextConstraint Admission Control Plugin
[ref] | To ensure pod permissions are managed, make sure that the
SecurityContextConstraint admission control plugin is used. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}.data."config.json" | fromjson{{else}}.data."config.yaml" | fromjson{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#54842ba5cf821644f2727625c1518eba2de6e6b7ae318043d0bf7ccc9570e430
file.
| | Rationale: | A Security Context Constraint is a cluster-level resource that controls the actions
which a pod can perform and what the pod may access. The
SecurityContextConstraint objects define a set of conditions that a pod
must run with in order to be accepted into the system. Security Context Constraints
are comprised of settings and strategies that control the security features
a pod has access to and hence this must be used to control pod access
permissions. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_admission_control_plugin_scc | | Identifiers: | CCE-83602-3 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Enable the ServiceAccount Admission Control Plugin
[ref] | To ensure ServiceAccount objects must be created and granted
before pod creation is allowed, follow the documentation and create
ServiceAccount objects as per your environment.
Ensure that the plugin is enabled in the api-server configuration:
$ oc -n openshift-kube-apiserver get configmap config -o json | jq -r '.data."config.yaml"' | jq '.apiServerArguments."enable-admission-plugins"'
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}.data."config.json" | fromjson{{else}}.data."config.yaml" | fromjson{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#54842ba5cf821644f2727625c1518eba2de6e6b7ae318043d0bf7ccc9570e430
file.
| | Rationale: | When a pod is created, if a service account is not specified, the pod
is automatically assigned the default service account in the same
namespace. OpenShift operators should create unique service accounts
and let the API Server manage its security tokens. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_admission_control_plugin_service_account | | Identifiers: | CCE-83791-4 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Ensure that anonymous requests to the API Server are authorized
[ref] | By default, anonymous access to the OpenShift API is enabled, but at
the same time, all requests must be authorized. If no authentication
mechanism is used, the request is assigned the system:anonymous
virtual user and the system:unauthenticated virtual group.
This allows the authorization layer to determine which requests, if any,
is an anonymous user authorized to make.
To verify the authorization rules for anonymous requests run the following:
$ oc describe clusterrolebindings
and inspect the bindings of the system:anonymous
virtual user and the system:unauthenticated virtual group.
To test that an anonymous request is authorized to access the readyz
endpoint, run:
$ oc get --as="system:anonymous" --raw='/readyz?verbose'
In contrast, a request to list all projects should not be authorized:
$ oc get --as="system:anonymous" projects
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterrolebindings API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterrolebindings file. | | Rationale: | When enabled, requests that are not rejected by other configured
authentication methods are treated as anonymous requests. These requests
are then served by the API server. If you are using RBAC authorization,
it is generally considered reasonable to allow anonymous access to the
API Server for health checks and discovery purposes, and hence this
recommendation is not scored. However, you should consider whether
anonymous discovery is an acceptable risk for your purposes. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_anonymous_auth | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Configure the Kubernetes API Server Maximum Retained Audit Logs
[ref] | To configure how many rotations of audit logs are retained,
edit the openshift-kube-apiserver configmap
and set the audit-log-maxbackup parameter to
10 or to an organizationally appropriate value:
"apiServerArguments":{
...
"audit-log-maxbackup": [10],
...
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}.data."config.json" | fromjson{{else}}.data."config.yaml" | fromjson{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#54842ba5cf821644f2727625c1518eba2de6e6b7ae318043d0bf7ccc9570e430
file.
| | Rationale: | OpenShift automatically rotates the log files. Retaining old log files ensures
OpenShift Operators will have sufficient log data available for carrying out
any investigation or correlation. For example, if the audit log size is set to
100 MB and the number of retained log files is set to 10, OpenShift Operators
would have approximately 1 GB of log data to use during analysis. | | Severity: | low | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_audit_log_maxbackup | | Identifiers: | CCE-83739-3 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Configure Kubernetes API Server Maximum Audit Log Size
[ref] | To rotate audit logs upon reaching a maximum size,
edit the openshift-kube-apiserver configmap
and set the audit-log-maxsize parameter to
an appropriate size in MB. For example, to set it to 100 MB:
"apiServerArguments":{
...
"audit-log-maxsize": ["100"],
...
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}.data."config.json" | fromjson{{else}}.data."config.yaml" | fromjson{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#54842ba5cf821644f2727625c1518eba2de6e6b7ae318043d0bf7ccc9570e430
file.
| | Rationale: | OpenShift automatically rotates log files. Retaining old log files ensures that
OpenShift Operators have sufficient log data available for carrying out any
investigation or correlation. If you have set file size of 100 MB and the number of
old log files to keep as 10, there would be approximately 1 GB of log data
available for use in analysis. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_audit_log_maxsize | | Identifiers: | CCE-83607-2 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Configure the Audit Log Path
[ref] | To enable auditing on the Kubernetes API Server, the audit log path must be set.
Edit the openshift-kube-apiserver configmap
and set the audit-log-path to a suitable path and file
where audit logs should be written. For example:
"apiServerArguments":{
...
"audit-log-path":"/var/log/kube-apiserver/audit.log",
...
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}.data."config.json" | fromjson{{else}}.data."config.yaml" | fromjson{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#54842ba5cf821644f2727625c1518eba2de6e6b7ae318043d0bf7ccc9570e430
file.
| | Rationale: | Auditing of the Kubernetes API Server is not enabled by default. Auditing the API Server
provides a security-relevant chronological set of records documenting the sequence
of activities that have affected the system by users, administrators, or other
system components. | | Severity: | high | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_audit_log_path | | Identifiers: | CCE-84020-7 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
The authorization-mode cannot be AlwaysAllow
[ref] | Do not always authorize all requests. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[.data."config.json" | fromjson]{{else}}[.data."config.yaml" | fromjson]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#ffe65d9fac11909686e59349c6a0111aaf57caa26bd2db3e7dcb1a0a22899145
file.
| | Rationale: | The API Server, can be configured to allow all requests. This mode should not be used on any production cluster. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_auth_mode_no_aa | | Identifiers: | CCE-84207-0 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Ensure authorization-mode RBAC is configured
[ref] | To ensure OpenShift restricts different identities to a defined set
of operations they are allowed to perform, check that the API server's
authorization-mode configuration option list contains RBAC. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}.data."config.json" | fromjson{{else}}.data."config.yaml" | fromjson{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#54842ba5cf821644f2727625c1518eba2de6e6b7ae318043d0bf7ccc9570e430
file.
| | Rationale: | Role Based Access Control (RBAC) allows fine-grained control over the
operations that different entities can perform on different objects in
the cluster. Enabling RBAC is critical in regulating access to an
OpenShift cluster as the RBAC rules specify, given a user, which operations
can be executed over a set of namespaced or cluster-wide resources. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_auth_mode_rbac | | Identifiers: | CCE-84102-3 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Disable basic-auth-file for the API Server
[ref] | Basic Authentication should not be used for any reason. If needed, edit API
Edit the openshift-kube-apiserver configmap
and remove the basic-auth-file parameter:
"apiServerArguments":{
...
"basic-auth-file":[
"/path/to/any/file"
],
...
Alternate authentication mechanisms such as tokens and certificates will need to be
used. Username and password for basic authentication will be disabled. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}.data."config.json" | fromjson{{else}}.data."config.yaml" | fromjson{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#54842ba5cf821644f2727625c1518eba2de6e6b7ae318043d0bf7ccc9570e430
file.
| | Rationale: | Basic authentication uses plaintext credentials for authentication.
Currently the basic authentication credentials last indefinitely, and
the password cannot be changed without restarting the API Server. The
Basic Authentication is currently supported for convenience and is
not intended for production workloads. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_basic_auth | | Identifiers: | CCE-83936-5 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Ensure that the bindAddress is set to a relevant secure port
[ref] | The bindAddress is set by default to 0.0.0.0:6443, and listening with TLS enabled. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}.data."config.json" | fromjson{{else}}.data."config.yaml" | fromjson{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#54842ba5cf821644f2727625c1518eba2de6e6b7ae318043d0bf7ccc9570e430
file.
| | Rationale: | The OpenShift API server is served over HTTPS with authentication and authorization;
the secure API endpoint is bound to 0.0.0.0:6443 by default. In OpenShift, the only
supported way to access the API server pod is through the load balancer and then through
the internal service. The value is set by the bindAddress argument under the servingInfo
parameter. | | Severity: | low | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_bind_address | | Identifiers: | CCE-83646-0 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Configure the Client Certificate Authority for the API Server
[ref] | Certificates must be provided to fully setup TLS client certificate
authentication. To ensure the API Server utilizes its own TLS certificates, the
clientCA must be configured. Verify
that servingInfo has the clientCA configured in
the openshift-kube-apiserver
config configmap
to something similar to:
"apiServerArguments": {
...
"client-ca-file": [
"/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-certs/configmaps/client-ca/ca-bundle.crt"
],
...
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[.data."config.json" | fromjson | select(.apiServerArguments["client-ca-file"]) | .apiServerArguments["client-ca-file"][] | select(test("/etc/kubernetes/certs/client-ca/ca.crt"))]{{else}}[.data."config.yaml" | fromjson | select(.apiServerArguments["client-ca-file"]) | .apiServerArguments["client-ca-file"][] | select(test("{{.var_apiserver_client_ca}}"))]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#d56e72c377d8f85e0601a704d4218064a0ea4a2235ceee82d20db6cdafc74608
file.
| | Rationale: | API Server communication contains sensitive parameters that should remain
encrypted in transit. Configure the API Server to serve only HTTPS traffic.
If -clientCA is set, any request presenting a client
certificate signed by one of the authorities in the client-ca-file
is authenticated with an identity corresponding to the CommonName of
the client certificate. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_client_ca | | Identifiers: | CCE-84284-9 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1 | | nist | SC-8, SC-8(1), SC-8(2) | | pcidss | Req-2.2, Req-2.2.3, Req-2.3 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000441-CTR-001090, SRG-APP-000442-CTR-001095 | | cis | 1.2.29 | | bsi | APP.4.4.A17 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2.5, 2.2.7, 2.2 |
| |
|
Rule
Configure the Encryption Provider Cipher
[ref] |
When you enable etcd encryption, the following OpenShift API server
and Kubernetes API server resources are encrypted:
- Secrets
- ConfigMaps
- Routes
- OAuth access tokens
- OAuth authorize tokens
When you enable etcd encryption, encryption keys are created. These
keys are rotated on a weekly basis. You must have these keys in order
to restore from an etcd backup.
To ensure the correct cipher, set the encryption type to aescbc or
aesgcm in the apiserver object which configures the API
server itself.
spec:
encryption:
type: aescbc
For more information, follow
the relevant documentation.
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/apis/hypershift.openshift.io/v1beta1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}/hostedclusters/{{.hypershift_cluster}}{{else}}/apis/config.openshift.io/v1/apiservers/cluster{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[.spec.secretEncryption.type]{{else}}[.spec.encryption.type]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/apis/config.openshift.io/v1/apiservers/cluster#a1d4b20a86b76e7e2d634dbeff420b1a80df6800836dad1b552314d1b24a18cb
file.
| | Rationale: | etcd is a highly available key-value store used by OpenShift deployments
for persistent storage of all REST API objects. These objects are
sensitive in nature and should be encrypted at rest to avoid any
disclosures. Where etcd encryption is used, it is important to ensure that the
appropriate set of encryption providers is used. Currently, aescbc
and aesgcm are the only types supported by OCP. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_encryption_provider_cipher | | Identifiers: | CCE-83585-0 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Configure the etcd Certificate Authority for the API Server
[ref] | To ensure etcd is configured to make use of TLS encryption for client
connections, follow the OpenShift documentation and setup the TLS
connection between the API Server and etcd. Then, verify
that apiServerArguments has the etcd-cafile configured in
the openshift-kube-apiserver
config configmap to something
similar to:
"apiServerArguments": {
...
"etcd-cafile": [
"/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/configmaps/etcd-serving-ca/ca-bundle.crt"
],
...
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[.data."config.json" | fromjson | select(.apiServerArguments["etcd-cafile"]) | .apiServerArguments["etcd-cafile"][] | select(test("/etc/kubernetes/certs/etcd-ca/ca.crt"))]{{else}}[.data."config.yaml" | fromjson | select(.apiServerArguments["etcd-cafile"]) | .apiServerArguments["etcd-cafile"][] | select(test("{{.var_apiserver_etcd_ca}}"))]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#33769e7a3c14dd6dc237eb2b13a72140eeadf2ce49578f57bc9e0fd096cf4e9a
file.
| | Rationale: | etcd is a highly-available key-value store used by OpenShift deployments
for persistent storage of all REST API objects. These objects are
sensitive in nature and should be protected by client authentication. This
requires the API Server to identify itself to the etcd server using
a SSL Certificate Authority file. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_etcd_ca | | Identifiers: | CCE-84216-1 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1 | | nist | SC-8, SC-8(1), SC-8(2) | | pcidss | Req-2.2, Req-2.2.3, Req-2.3 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000441-CTR-001090, SRG-APP-000442-CTR-001095 | | cis | 1.2.30 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2.5, 2.2.7, 2.2 |
| |
|
Rule
Configure the etcd Certificate for the API Server
[ref] | To ensure etcd is configured to make use of TLS encryption for client
communications, follow the OpenShift documentation and setup the TLS
connection between the API Server and etcd. Then, verify
that apiServerArguments has the etcd-certfile configured in
the openshift-kube-apiserver configmap to something similar to:
...
"etcd-certfile": [
"/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/secrets/etcd-client/tls.crt"
],
...
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}.data."config.json" | fromjson{{else}}.data."config.yaml" | fromjson{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#54842ba5cf821644f2727625c1518eba2de6e6b7ae318043d0bf7ccc9570e430
file.
| | Rationale: | etcd is a highly-available key-value store used by OpenShift deployments
for persistent storage of all REST API objects. These objects are sensitive
in nature and should be protected by client authentication. This requires the
API Server to identify itself to the etcd server using a client certificate
and key. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_etcd_cert | | Identifiers: | CCE-83876-3 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-003-8 R6, CIP-004-6 R3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R6.1 | | nist | CM-6, CM-6(1), SC-8, SC-8(1) | | pcidss | Req-2.2, Req-2.2.3, Req-2.3 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000516-CTR-001325 | | cis | 1.2.27 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2.5, 2.2.7, 2.2 |
| |
|
Rule
Configure the etcd Certificate Key for the API Server
[ref] | To ensure etcd is configured to make use of TLS encryption for client
communications, follow the OpenShift documentation and setup the TLS
connection between the API Server and etcd. Then, verify
that apiServerArguments has the etcd-keyfile configured in
the openshift-kube-apiserver configmap to something similar to:
...
"etcd-keyfile": [
"/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/secrets/etcd-client/tls.key"
],
...
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}.data."config.json" | fromjson{{else}}.data."config.yaml" | fromjson{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#54842ba5cf821644f2727625c1518eba2de6e6b7ae318043d0bf7ccc9570e430
file.
| | Rationale: | etcd is a highly-available key-value store used by OpenShift deployments
for persistent storage of all REST API objects. These objects are sensitive
in nature and should be protected by client authentication. This requires the
API Server to identify itself to the etcd server using a client certificate
and key. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_etcd_key | | Identifiers: | CCE-83546-2 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-003-8 R6, CIP-004-6 R3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R6.1 | | nist | CM-6, CM-6(1), SC-8, SC-8(1) | | pcidss | Req-2.2, Req-2.2.3, Req-2.3 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000516-CTR-001325 | | cis | 1.2.27 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2.5, 2.2.7, 2.2 |
| |
|
Rule
Ensure that the --kubelet-https argument is set to true
[ref] | The kube-apiserver ensures https to the kubelet by default. The apiserver
flag "--kubelet-https" is deprecated and should be either set to "true" or
omitted from the argument list. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}.data."config.json" | fromjson{{else}}.data."config.yaml" | fromjson{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#54842ba5cf821644f2727625c1518eba2de6e6b7ae318043d0bf7ccc9570e430
file.
| | Rationale: | Connections from the kube-apiserver to kubelets could potentially carry
sensitive data such as secrets and keys. It is thus important to use
in-transit encryption for any communication between the apiserver and
kubelets. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_https_for_kubelet_conn | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-003-8 R6, CIP-004-6 R3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R6.1 | | nist | CM-6, CM-6(1), SC-8, SC-8(1) | | pcidss | Req-2.2, Req-2.3 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000516-CTR-001325 | | cis | 1.2.4 | | bsi | APP.4.4.A17 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2.7, 2.2 |
| |
|
Rule
Disable Use of the Insecure Bind Address
[ref] | OpenShift should not bind to non-loopback insecure addresses.
Edit the openshift-kube-apiserver configmap
and remove the insecure-bind-address if it exists:
"apiServerArguments":{
...
"insecure-bind-address":[
"127.0.0.1"
],
...
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}.data."config.json" | fromjson | .apiServerArguments{{else}}.data."config.yaml" | fromjson | .apiServerArguments{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#95b5b27bb6ea2b122e810c99c17c2430c4845596942804847dd677557cfed88e
file.
| | Rationale: | If the API Server is bound to an insecure address the installation would
be susceptible to unauthenticated and unencrypted access to the master node(s).
The API Server does not perform authentication checking for insecure
binds and the traffic is generally not encrypted. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_insecure_bind_address | | Identifiers: | CCE-83955-5 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Configure the kubelet Certificate Authority for the API Server
[ref] | To ensure OpenShift verifies kubelet certificates before establishing
connections, follow the OpenShift documentation and setup the TLS connection
between the API Server and kubelets.
Edit the openshift-kube-apiserver configmap
and set the below parameter if it is not already configured:
"apiServerArguments":{
...
"kubelet-certificate-authority":"/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/configmaps/kubelet-serving-ca/ca-bundle.crt",
...
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[.data."config.json" | fromjson | select(.apiServerArguments["kubelet-certificate-authority"]) | .apiServerArguments["kubelet-certificate-authority"][] | select(test("/etc/kubernetes/certs/kubelet-ca/ca.crt"))]{{else}}[.data."config.yaml" | fromjson | select(.apiServerArguments["kubelet-certificate-authority"]) | .apiServerArguments["kubelet-certificate-authority"][] | select(test("{{.var_apiserver_kubelet_certificate_authority}}"))]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#1118b118fc93b557cda9eb3f29584d2f92f5c3976f77dec35848eb54e0d819cc
file.
| | Rationale: | Connections from the API Server to the kubelet are used for fetching logs
for pods, attaching (through kubectl) to running pods, and using the kubelet
port-forwarding functionality. These connections terminate at the kubelet
HTTPS endpoint. By default, the API Server does not verify the kubelet serving
certificate, which makes the connection subject to man-in-the-middle attacks,
and unsafe to run over untrusted and/or public networks. | | Severity: | high | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_kubelet_certificate_authority | | Identifiers: | CCE-84196-5 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-003-8 R6, CIP-004-6 R3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R6.1 | | nist | CM-6, CM-6(1), SC-8, SC-8(1) | | pcidss | Req-2.2, Req-2.2.3, Req-2.3 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000516-CTR-001325 | | cis | 1.2.6 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2.5, 2.2.7, 2.2 |
| |
|
Rule
Configure the kubelet Certificate File for the API Server
[ref] | To enable certificate based kubelet authentication,
edit the config configmap in the openshift-kube-apiserver
namespace and set the below parameter in the config.yaml key if
it is not already configured:
"apiServerArguments":{
...
"kubelet-client-certificate":"/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/secrets/kubelet-client/tls.crt",
...
}
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[.data."config.json" | fromjson | select(.apiServerArguments["kubelet-client-certificate"]) | .apiServerArguments["kubelet-client-certificate"][] | select(test("/etc/kubernetes/certs/kubelet/tls.crt"))]{{else}}[.data."config.yaml" | fromjson | select(.apiServerArguments["kubelet-client-certificate"]) | .apiServerArguments["kubelet-client-certificate"][] | select(test("{{.var_apiserver_kubelet_client_cert}}"))]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#e5500055b4aa2fcf00dc09ad0e66e44b6b42d67f8d53d1e72ff81b32f0e09865
file.
| | Rationale: | By default the API Server does not authenticate itself to the kubelet's
HTTPS endpoints. Requests from the API Server are treated anonymously.
Configuring certificate-based kubelet authentication ensures that the
API Server authenticates itself to kubelets when submitting requests. | | Severity: | high | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_kubelet_client_cert | | Identifiers: | CCE-84080-1 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Configure the kubelet Certificate File for the API Server
[ref] | To enable certificate based kubelet authentication,
edit the config configmap in the openshift-kube-apiserver
namespace and set the below parameter in the config.yaml key if
it is not already configured:
"apiServerArguments":{
...
"kubelet-client-certificate":"/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/secrets/kubelet-client/tls.crt",
...
}
Note that this particular rule is only valid for OCP releases up to and
including 4.8
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config file. | | Rationale: | By default the API Server does not authenticate itself to the kubelet's
HTTPS endpoints. Requests from the API Server are treated anonymously.
Configuring certificate-based kubelet authentication ensures that the
API Server authenticates itself to kubelets when submitting requests. | | Severity: | high | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_kubelet_client_cert_pre_4_9 | | Identifiers: | CCE-85890-2 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Configure the kubelet Certificate Key for the API Server
[ref] | To enable certificate based kubelet authentication,
edit the config configmap in the openshift-kube-apiserver
namespace and set the below parameter in the config.yaml key if
it is not already configured:
"apiServerArguments":{
...
"kubelet-client-key":"/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/secrets/kubelet-client/tls.key",
...
}
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[.data."config.json" | fromjson | select(.apiServerArguments["kubelet-client-key"]) | .apiServerArguments["kubelet-client-key"][] | select(test("/etc/kubernetes/certs/kubelet/tls.key"))]{{else}}[.data."config.yaml" | fromjson | select(.apiServerArguments["kubelet-client-key"]) | .apiServerArguments["kubelet-client-key"][] | select(test("{{.var_apiserver_kubelet_client_key}}"))]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#1e2b7c1158e0b9a602cb20d62c82b4660907bb57b63dac11c6c7c64211c49c69
file.
| | Rationale: | By default the API Server does not authenticate itself to the kubelet's
HTTPS endpoints. Requests from the API Server are treated anonymously.
Configuring certificate-based kubelet authentication ensures that the
API Server authenticates itself to kubelets when submitting requests. | | Severity: | high | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_kubelet_client_key | | Identifiers: | CCE-83591-8 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Configure the kubelet Certificate Key for the API Server
[ref] | To enable certificate based kubelet authentication,
edit the config configmap in the openshift-kube-apiserver
namespace and set the below parameter in the config.yaml key if
it is not already configured:
"apiServerArguments":{
...
"kubelet-client-key":"/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/secrets/kubelet-client/tls.key",
...
}
Note that this particular rule is only valid for OCP releases up to and
including 4.8
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config file. | | Rationale: | By default the API Server does not authenticate itself to the kubelet's
HTTPS endpoints. Requests from the API Server are treated anonymously.
Configuring certificate-based kubelet authentication ensures that the
API Server authenticates itself to kubelets when submitting requests. | | Severity: | high | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_kubelet_client_key_pre_4_9 | | Identifiers: | CCE-90794-9 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Ensure the openshift-oauth-apiserver service uses TLS
[ref] | By default, the OpenShift OAuth API Server uses TLS. HTTPS should be
used for connections between openshift-oauth-apiserver and kube-apiserver.
By default, the OpenShift OAuth API Server uses Intermediate profile which
requires a minimum TLS version of 1.2. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/config.openshift.io/v1/apiservers/cluster API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/config.openshift.io/v1/apiservers/cluster file. | | Rationale: | Connections between the kube-apiserver and the extension
openshift-oauth-apiserver could potentially carry sensitive data such
as secrets and keys. It is important to use in-transit encryption
for any communication between the kube-apiserver and the extension
openshift-apiserver. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_oauth_https_serving_cert | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-003-8 R6, CIP-004-6 R3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R6.1 | | nist | CM-6, CM-6(1), SC-8, SC-8(1) | | pcidss | Req-2.2, Req-2.2.3, Req-2.3 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000516-CTR-001325 | | cis | 1.2.4 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2.5, 2.2.7, 2.2 |
| |
|
Rule
Ensure the openshift-oauth-apiserver service uses TLS
[ref] | By default, the OpenShift API Server uses TLS. HTTPS should be
used for connections between openshift-apiserver and kube-apiserver.
By default, the OpenShift OAuth API Server uses Intermediate profile which
requires a minimum TLS version of 1.2. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/config.openshift.io/v1/apiservers/cluster API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/config.openshift.io/v1/apiservers/cluster file. | | Rationale: | Connections between the kube-apiserver and the extension
openshift-apiserver could potentially carry sensitive data such
as secrets and keys. It is important to use in-transit encryption
for any communication between the kube-apiserver and the extension
openshift-apiserver. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_openshift_https_serving_cert | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-003-8 R6, CIP-004-6 R3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R6.1 | | nist | CM-6, CM-6(1), SC-8, SC-8(1) | | pcidss | Req-2.2, Req-2.2.3, Req-2.3 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000516-CTR-001325 | | cis | 1.2.4 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2.5, 2.2.7, 2.2 |
| |
|
Rule
Profiling is protected by RBAC
[ref] | Ensure that the cluster-debugger cluster role includes the /metrics
resource URL. This demonstrates that profiling is protected by RBAC, with a
specific cluster role to allow access. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterroles/cluster-debugger API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterroles/cluster-debugger file. | | Rationale: | Profiling allows for the identification of specific performance bottlenecks.
It generates a significant amount of program data that could potentially be
exploited to uncover system and program details.
To ensure the collected data is not exploited, profiling endpoints are secured
via RBAC (see cluster-debugger role). By default, the profiling endpoints are
accessible only by users bound to cluster-admin or cluster-debugger role.
Profiling can not be disabled. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_profiling_protected_by_rbac | | Identifiers: | CCE-84212-0 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Configure the API Server Minimum Request Timeout
[ref] | The API server minimum request timeout defines the minimum number of
seconds a handler must keep a request open before timing it out. To set this,
edit the openshift-kube-apiserver configmap and set
min-request-timeout under the apiServerArguments field:
"apiServerArguments":{
...
"min-request-timeout":[
3600
],
...
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}.data."config.json" | fromjson{{else}}.data."config.yaml" | fromjson{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#54842ba5cf821644f2727625c1518eba2de6e6b7ae318043d0bf7ccc9570e430
file.
| | Rationale: | Setting global request timeout allows extending the API Server request
timeout limit to a duration appropriate to the user's connection speed. By
default, it is set to 1800 seconds which might not be suitable for some
environments. Setting the limit too low may result in excessive timeouts,
and a limit that is too large may exhaust the API Server resources making
it prone to Denial-of-Service attack. It is recommended to set this limit
as appropriate and change the default limit of 1800 seconds only if needed. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_request_timeout | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Ensure that the service-account-lookup argument is set to true
[ref] | Validate service account before validating token. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}.data."config.json" | fromjson{{else}}.data."config.yaml" | fromjson{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#54842ba5cf821644f2727625c1518eba2de6e6b7ae318043d0bf7ccc9570e430
file.
| | Rationale: | If service-account-lookup is not enabled, the apiserver
only verifies that the authentication token is valid, and
does not validate that the service account token mentioned
in the request is actually present in etcd. This allows
using a service account token even after the corresponding
service account is deleted. This is an example of time of
check to time of use security issue. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_service_account_lookup | | Identifiers: | CCE-83370-7 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Configure the Service Account Public Key for the API Server
[ref] | To ensure the API Server utilizes its own key pair,
edit the openshift-kube-apiserver configmap
and set the serviceAccountPublicKeyFiles parameter to the public
key file for service accounts:
...
"serviceAccountPublicKeyFiles":[
"/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/configmaps/sa-token-signing-certs"
],
...
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}.data."config.json" | fromjson{{else}}.data."config.yaml" | fromjson{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#54842ba5cf821644f2727625c1518eba2de6e6b7ae318043d0bf7ccc9570e430
file.
| | Rationale: | By default if no service-account-key-file is specified
to the apiserver, it uses the private key from the TLS serving
certificate to verify service account tokens. To ensure that the
keys for service account tokens are rotated as needed, a
separate public/private key pair should be used for signing service
account tokens. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_service_account_public_key | | Identifiers: | CCE-83350-9 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Configure the Certificate for the API Server
[ref] | To ensure the API Server utilizes its own TLS certificates, the
tls-cert-file must be configured. Verify
that the apiServerArguments section has the tls-cert-file configured in
the config configmap in the openshift-kube-apiserver namespace
similar to:
"apiServerArguments":{
...
"tls-cert-file": [
"/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-certs/secrets/service-network-serving-certkey/tls.crt"
],
...
}
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[.data."config.json" | fromjson | select(.apiServerArguments["tls-cert-file"]) | .apiServerArguments["tls-cert-file"][] | select(test("/etc/kubernetes/certs/server/tls.crt"))]{{else}}[.data."config.yaml" | fromjson | select(.apiServerArguments["tls-cert-file"]) | .apiServerArguments["tls-cert-file"][] | select(test("{{.var_apiserver_tls_cert}}"))]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#bca394347bab5b9902f1d1568d4f5d6e5498b01ec27ddf8231443e376b18757d
file.
| | Rationale: | API Server communication contains sensitive parameters that should remain
encrypted in transit. Configure the API Server to serve only HTTPS
traffic. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_tls_cert | | Identifiers: | CCE-83779-9 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1 | | nist | SC-8, SC-8(1), SC-8(2) | | pcidss | Req-2.2, Req-2.2.3, Req-2.3 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000441-CTR-001090, SRG-APP-000442-CTR-001095 | | cis | 1.2.28 | | bsi | APP.4.4.A17 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2.5, 2.2.7, 2.2, 4.2.1, 4.2 |
| |
|
Rule
Use Strong Cryptographic Ciphers on the API Server
[ref] | To ensure that the API Server is configured to only use strong
cryptographic ciphers, verify the openshift-kube-apiserver
configmap contains the following set of ciphers, with no additions:
"servingInfo":{
...
"cipherSuites": [
"TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256",
"TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256",
"TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384",
"TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384",
"TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256",
"TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256",
],
...
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}.data."config.json" | fromjson{{else}}.data."config.yaml" | fromjson{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#54842ba5cf821644f2727625c1518eba2de6e6b7ae318043d0bf7ccc9570e430
file.
Warning:
Once configured, API Server clients that cannot support modern
cryptographic ciphers will not be able to make connections to the API
server. | | Rationale: | TLS ciphers have had a number of known vulnerabilities and weaknesses,
which can reduce the protection provided. By default, OpenShift supports
a number of TLS ciphersuites including some that have security concerns,
weakening the protection provided. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_tls_cipher_suites | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Configure the Certificate Key for the API Server
[ref] | To ensure the API Server utilizes its own TLS certificates, the
tls-private-key-file must be configured. Verify
that the apiServerArguments section has the tls-private-key-file configured in
the config configmap in the openshift-kube-apiserver namespace
similar to:
"apiServerArguments":{
...
"tls-private-key-file": [
"/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-certs/secrets/service-network-serving-certkey/tls.key"
],
...
}
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[.data."config.json" | fromjson | select(.apiServerArguments["tls-private-key-file"]) | .apiServerArguments["tls-private-key-file"][] | select(test("/etc/kubernetes/certs/server/tls.key"))]{{else}}[.data."config.yaml" | fromjson | select(.apiServerArguments["tls-private-key-file"]) | .apiServerArguments["tls-private-key-file"][] | select(test("{{.var_apiserver_tls_private_key}}"))]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#8c69c1fe6742f70a3a16c09461f57a19ef2a695143301cede2f2f5d307aa3508
file.
| | Rationale: | API Server communication contains sensitive parameters that should remain
encrypted in transit. Configure the API Server to serve only HTTPS
traffic. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_tls_private_key | | Identifiers: | CCE-84282-3 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1 | | nist | SC-8, SC-8(1), SC-8(2) | | pcidss | Req-2.2, Req-2.2.3, Req-2.3 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000441-CTR-001090, SRG-APP-000442-CTR-001095 | | cis | 1.2.28 | | bsi | APP.4.4.A17 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2.5, 2.2.7, 2.2 |
| |
|
Rule
Ensure APIServer is configured with secure tlsSecurityProfile
[ref] |
The configuration tlsSecurityProfile specifies TLS configurations
to be used while establishing connections with the externally exposed
servers. Though secure transport mode is used for establishing connections,
the protocols used may not always be strong enough to avoid interception and
manipulation of the data in transport. TLS Security profile configured should
not make use of any protocols, ciphers, and algorithms with known security
vulnerabilities.
tlsSecurityProfile can be configured to use one of custom, intermediate,
modern, or old profile. Profile Old should be avoided at all times and when using
custom profile one should be extremely careful as invalid configurations can be
catastrophic. It is always advised to use highly secure intermediate or modern
profiles and if unset a default is chosen.
Update tlsSecurityProfile to Intermediate using the following command:
oc patch apiservers.config.openshift.io cluster --type 'json' --patch '[{"op": "add", "path": "/spec/tlsSecurityProfile/intermediate", "value": {}}, {"op": "replace", "path": "/spec/tlsSecurityProfile/type", "value": "Intermediate"}'
For more information, follow
OpenShift documentation:
the relevant documentation.
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/config.openshift.io/v1/apiservers/cluster API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/config.openshift.io/v1/apiservers/cluster file. | | Rationale: | The authenticity and integrity of the container platform and communication
between nodes and components must be secure. If an insecure protocol,
cipher, or algorithms is used, during transmission of data, the data can be
intercepted and manipulated. To thwart the manipulation of the data during
transmission secure protocol, cipher and algorithms must be used. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_tls_security_profile | | Identifiers: | CCE-86232-6 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Disable Token-based Authentication
[ref] | To ensure OpenShift does not accept token-based authentication,
follow the OpenShift documentation and configure alternate mechanisms for
authentication. Then, edit the API Server pod specification file
Edit the openshift-kube-apiserver configmap
and remove the token-auth-file parameter:
"apiServerArguments":{
...
"token-auth-file":[
"/path/to/any/file"
],
...
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[.data."config.json" | fromjson]{{else}}[.data."config.yaml" | fromjson]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#ffe65d9fac11909686e59349c6a0111aaf57caa26bd2db3e7dcb1a0a22899145
file.
| | Rationale: | The token-based authentication utilizes static tokens to authenticate
requests to the API Server. The tokens are stored in clear-text in a file
on the API Server, and cannot be revoked or rotated without restarting the
API Server. | | Severity: | high | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_api_server_token_auth | | Identifiers: | CCE-83481-2 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Ensure that Audit Log Forwarding Is Enabled
[ref] | OpenShift audit works at the API server level, logging all requests coming to the server.
Audit is on by default and the best practice is to ship audit logs off the cluster for retention.
The cluster-logging-operator is able to do this with the ClusterLogForwarders resource.
The forementioned resource can be configured to logs to different third party systems.
For more information on this, please reference the official documentation:
https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/latest/observability/logging/logging-6.0/log6x-clf.html
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/observability.openshift.io/v1/namespaces/openshift-logging/clusterlogforwarders API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/observability.openshift.io/v1/namespaces/openshift-logging/clusterlogforwarders file true
/apis/logging.openshift.io/v1/namespaces/openshift-logging/clusterlogforwarders/instance API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/logging.openshift.io/v1/namespaces/openshift-logging/clusterlogforwarders/instance file true . | | Rationale: | Retaining logs ensures the ability to go back in time to investigate or correlate any events.
Offloading audit logs from the cluster ensures that an attacker that has access to the cluster will not be able to
tamper with the logs because of the logs being stored off-site. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_log_forwarding_enabled | | Identifiers: | CCE-84076-9 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R5.2, CIP-004-6 R2.2.2, CIP-004-6 R2.2.3, CIP-004-6 R3.3, CIP-007-3 R.1.3, CIP-007-3 R5, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.1, CIP-007-3 R5.3.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.3, CIP-007-3 R6.5 | | nist | AC-2(12), AU-3(2), AU-5(1), AU-6, AU-6(1), AU-6(3), AU-9(2), SI-4(16), AU-4(1), AU-11, AU-7, AU-7(1), SI-4(20) | | pcidss | Req-2.2, Req-10.5.3, Req-10.5.4 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000092-CTR-000165, SRG-APP-000111-CTR-000220, SRG-APP-000358-CTR-000805, CNTR-OS-000170, CNTR-OS-000220 | | cis | 1.2.21 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2 | | stigref | SV-257519r921500_rule, SV-257524r921515_rule |
| |
|
Rule
Ensure that Audit Log Webhook Is Configured
[ref] | Audit is on by default and the best practice is to ship audit logs off an cluster for retention.
HyperShift is able to do this with the a audit webhook, which is configured in the HostedCluster
custom resource. The forementioned resource can be configured to log to different third party systems.
For more information on this, please reference the official documentation:
https://hypershift-docs.netlify.app/reference/api/
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
/apis/hypershift.openshift.io/v1beta1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}/hostedclusters/{{.hypershift_cluster}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
.items[].spec
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/apis/observability.openshift.io/v1/namespaces/openshift-logging/clusterlogforwarders#f2f30ae784cdbafba1677a19b3ff10c0996ce5e98fcc7e07a58d37b03a771e89
file.
true
| | Rationale: | Retaining logs ensures the ability to go back in time to investigate or correlate any events.
Offloading audit logs from the cluster ensures that an attacker that has access to the cluster will not be able to
tamper with the logs because of the logs being stored off-site. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_log_forwarding_webhook | | Identifiers: | CCE-86103-9 | | References: | | |
|
| Group
Authentication
Group contains 4 rules |
[ref]
In cloud workloads, there are many ways to create and configure
to multiple authentication services. Some of these authentication
methods by not be secure or common methodologies, or they may not
be secure by default. This section introduces mechanisms for
configuring authentication systems Kubernetes. |
Rule
Configure An Identity Provider
[ref] | Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/apis/hypershift.openshift.io/v1beta1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}/hostedclusters/{{.hypershift_cluster}}{{else}}/apis/config.openshift.io/v1/oauths/cluster{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}.spec.configuration.oauth{{else}}.spec{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/apis/config.openshift.io/v1/oauths/cluster#489c53adb0325a207f2120d4dee0ef775dad56dceaa74bafc10bf32c1da46e9e
file.
| | Rationale: |
With any authentication mechanism the ability to revoke credentials if they
are compromised or no longer required, is a key control. Kubernetes client
certificate authentication does not allow for this due to a lack of support
for certificate revocation.
OpenShift's built-in OAuth server allows credential revocation by relying on
the Identity provider, as well as giving the administrators the ability to
revoke any tokens given to a specific user.
| | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_idp_is_configured | | Identifiers: | CCE-84088-4 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-004-6 R2.2.2, CIP-004-6 R2.2.3, CIP-007-3 R.1.3, CIP-007-3 R5, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1.3, CIP-007-3 R5.2, CIP-007-3 R5.2.1, CIP-007-3 R5.2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.3.1, CIP-007-3 R5.3.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.3 | | nist | AC-2, AC-2(1), AC-2(2), AC-2(3), AC-2(4), AC-2(5), AC-2(6), AC-2(7), AC-2(8), AC-7, AC-12(1), IA-2(8), IA-2(9), SC-12(1) | | pcidss | Req-2.2, Req-8.1.1 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000023-CTR-000055, CNTR-OS-000030, CNTR-OS-000040, CNTR-OS-000440 | | cis | 3.1.1 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2, 8.2.1, 8.2, 8.3 | | stigref | SV-257507r921464_rule, SV-257508r921467_rule, SV-257542r921569_rule |
| |
|
Rule
Configure OAuth tokens to expire after a set period of inactivity
[ref] |
You can configure OAuth tokens to expire after a set period of
inactivity. By default, no token inactivity timeout is set.
The inactivity timeout can be either set in the OAuth server
configuration or in any of the OAuth clients. The client settings
override the OAuth server setting.
To set the OAuth server inactivity timeout, edit the OAuth server
object: oc edit oauth cluster
and set the .spec.tokenConfig.accessTokenInactivityTimeout
parameter to the desired value:
apiVersion: config.openshift.io/v1
kind: OAuth
metadata:
...
spec:
tokenConfig:
accessTokenInactivityTimeout: 10m0s
Please note that the OAuth server converts the value internally to a human-readable format,
so that e.g. setting accessTokenInactivityTimeout=600s would be converted by the OAuth
server to accessTokenInactivityTimeout=10m0s.
For more information on configuring the OAuth server, consult the
OpenShift documentation:
https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/4.7/authentication/configuring-oauth-clients.html
To edit the OAuth client inactivity timeout, edit the OAuth client
object: oc edit oauthclient $clientname
and set the top-level accessTokenInactivityTimeoutSeconds
attribute.
apiVersion: oauth.openshift.io/v1
grantMethod: auto
kind: OAuthClient
metadata:
...
accessTokenInactivityTimeoutSeconds: 600
For more information on configuring the OAuth clients, consult the
OpenShift documentation:
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/openshift_container_platform/4.7/html-single/authentication_and_authorization/index#oauth-token-inactivity-timeout_configuring-internal-oauth
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/oauth.openshift.io/v1/oauthclients API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/oauth.openshift.io/v1/oauthclients file /apis/config.openshift.io/v1/oauths/cluster API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/config.openshift.io/v1/oauths/cluster file . | | Rationale: | Terminating an idle session within a short time period reduces the window
of opportunity for unauthorized personnel to take control of a session
that has been left unattended. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_oauth_or_oauthclient_inactivity_timeout | | Identifiers: | CCE-83702-1 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-004-6 R2.2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.1, CIP-007-3 R5.3.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.3 | | nist | AC-2(5), IA-5(13), SC-10 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000190-CTR-000500, CNTR-OS-000400, CNTR-OS-000490 | | pcidss4 | 8.2.8, 8.2 | | stigref | SV-257540r921563_rule, SV-257544r921575_rule |
| |
|
Rule
Do Not Use htpasswd-based IdP
[ref] |
For users to interact with OpenShift Container Platform, they must first
authenticate to the cluster. The authentication layer identifies the user
associated with requests to the OpenShift Container Platform API. The
authorization layer then uses information about the requesting user to
determine if the request is allowed.
Understanding authentication | Authentication | OpenShift Container Platform
The OpenShift Container Platform includes a built-in OAuth server for
token-based authentication. Developers and administrators obtain OAuth
access tokens to authenticate themselves to the API. It is recommended for
an administrator to configure OAuth to specify an identity provider after
the cluster is installed. User access to the cluster is managed through the
identity provider.
Understanding identity provider configuration | Authentication | OpenShift Container Platform
However, not all Identity Providers supported by OpenShift provide the same
level of capabilities. As an example, the htpasswd Identity Provider only
checks the username and password match and provides no means of 2FA, account
lockout or notification mechanism. This rule therefore only allows a subset
of identity providers.
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/apis/hypershift.openshift.io/v1beta1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}/hostedclusters/{{.hypershift_cluster}}{{else}}/apis/config.openshift.io/v1/oauths/cluster{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}.spec.configuration.oauth{{else}}.spec{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/apis/config.openshift.io/v1/oauths/cluster#489c53adb0325a207f2120d4dee0ef775dad56dceaa74bafc10bf32c1da46e9e
file.
| | Rationale: |
With any authentication mechanism the ability to revoke credentials if they
are compromised or no longer required, is a key control. Kubernetes client
certificate authentication does not allow for this due to a lack of support
for certificate revocation.
OpenShift's built-in OAuth server allows credential revocation by relying on
the Identity provider, as well as giving the administrators the ability to
revoke any tokens given to a specific user.
In addition, using an external Identity provider allows for setting up notifications
on account creation or deletion, multi-factor authentication, disabling inactive
accounts or other features required by different compliance standards.
| | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_ocp_idp_no_htpasswd | | Identifiers: | CCE-84209-6 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.2.2, CIP-004-6 R2.2.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R.1.3, CIP-007-3 R5, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1.3, CIP-007-3 R5.2, CIP-007-3 R5.2.1, CIP-007-3 R5.2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.3.1, CIP-007-3 R5.3.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.3 | | nist | AC-2(1), AC-2(2), AC-2(3), AC-2(4), AC-2(7), AC-2(8), AC-7, IA-2, IA-2(1), IA-2(2), IA-2(3), IA-2(5), IA-2(8), IA-2(9), IA-2(12), IA-5(4), SC-12(1) | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000023-CTR-000055, CNTR-OS-000030, CNTR-OS-000040, CNTR-OS-000440 | | pcidss4 | 8.3.4, 8.3 | | stigref | SV-257507r921464_rule, SV-257508r921467_rule, SV-257542r921569_rule |
| |
|
Rule
Only Use LDAP-based IdPs with TLS
[ref] |
For users to interact with OpenShift Container Platform, they must first
authenticate to the cluster. The authentication layer identifies the user
associated with requests to the OpenShift Container Platform API. The
authorization layer then uses information about the requesting user to
determine if the request is allowed.
Understanding authentication | Authentication | OpenShift Container Platform
The OpenShift Container Platform includes a built-in OAuth server for
token-based authentication. Developers and administrators obtain OAuth
access tokens to authenticate themselves to the API. It is recommended for
an administrator to configure OAuth to specify an identity provider after
the cluster is installed. User access to the cluster is managed through the
identity provider.
Understanding identity provider configuration | Authentication | OpenShift Container Platform
If the identity provider is LDAP, setting the insecure flag to true
would mean that passwords, such as the one used to authenticate the OAuth
proxy to the LDAP server would be transmitted in the clear, potentially
allowing an attacker to read the password if they captured the network
traffic.
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/apis/hypershift.openshift.io/v1beta1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}/hostedclusters/{{.hypershift_cluster}}{{else}}/apis/config.openshift.io/v1/oauths/cluster{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}.spec.configuration.oauth{{else}}.spec{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/apis/config.openshift.io/v1/oauths/cluster#489c53adb0325a207f2120d4dee0ef775dad56dceaa74bafc10bf32c1da46e9e
file.
| | Rationale: | Transmitting authentication tokens as clear-text may leak them to
an attacker. | | Severity: | high | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_ocp_no_ldap_insecure | | Identifiers: | CCE-83699-9 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.2.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2, CIP-007-3 R5.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.1, CIP-007-3 R5.3.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.3 | | nist | IA-2(8), IA-2(9), SC-8 | | pcidss | Req-2.3 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000023-CTR-000055, CNTR-OS-000030, CNTR-OS-000040 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.7, 2.2, 8.3.2, 8.3 | | stigref | SV-257507r921464_rule, SV-257508r921467_rule |
| |
|
| Group
OpenShift - Confinement
Group contains 1 rule |
[ref]
Contains evaluations to configure and assess the confinement of the cluster's
applications and workloads. |
Rule
Make sure the Security Profiles Operator is installed
[ref] | Security Profiles Operator provides a way to define secure computing (seccomp) profiles and
SELinux profiles as custom resources that are syncrhonized to every node in a given namespace.
Using security profiles can increase security at the container level in your cluster.
Seccomp security profiles list the syscalls a process can make, and SELinux security profiles
provide a label-based system that restricts access and usage of processes, applications, and
files. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/operators.coreos.com/v1alpha1/namespaces/openshift-security-profiles/subscriptions/security-profiles-operator-sub API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/operators.coreos.com/v1alpha1/namespaces/openshift-security-profiles/subscriptions/security-profiles-operator-sub file. | | Rationale: | An application that runs with privileges can be attacked to have its privileges exploited.
Confining applications limit the actions an attacker can perform when they are compromised. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_security_profiles_operator_exists | | Identifiers: | CCE-86168-2 | | References: | | |
|
| Group
OpenShift Controller Settings
Group contains 5 rules |
[ref]
This section contains recommendations for the kube-controller-manager configuration |
Rule
Ensure Controller insecure port argument is unset
[ref] | To ensure the Controller Manager service is bound to secure loopback
address and a secure port,
set the RotateKubeletServerCertificate option to true
in the openshift-kube-controller-manager configmap on the master
node(s):
"extendedArguments": {
...
"port": ["0"],
...
It is also acceptable for a system to deprecate the insecure port:
"extendedArguments": {
...
...
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/pods?labelSelector=app%3Dkube-controller-manager{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-controller-manager/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[[.items[0].spec.containers[0].args[] | select(. | match("--port=[1-9]*[1-9]+") )] | length | if . == 0 then true else false end]{{else}}[.data."config.yaml" | fromjson | if .extendedArguments["port"]!=null then .extendedArguments["port"]==["0"] else true end]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-controller-manager/configmaps/config#9f09cca56dc1e9f9605eb5a94aed74de554fd209513a9222e4fe9c0ed669aeee
file.
| | Rationale: | The Controller Manager API service is used for health and metrics
information and is available without authentication or encryption. As such, it
should only be bound to a localhost interface to minimize the cluster's
attack surface. | | Severity: | low | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_controller_insecure_port_disabled | | Identifiers: | CCE-83578-5 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Ensure Controller secure-port argument is set
[ref] | To ensure the Controller Manager service is bound to secure loopback
address using a secure port,
set the RotateKubeletServerCertificate option to true
in the openshift-kube-controller-manager configmap on the master
node(s):
"extendedArguments": {
...
"secure-port": ["10257"],
...
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/pods?labelSelector=app%3Dkube-controller-manager{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-controller-manager/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[[.items[0].spec.containers[0].args[] | select(. | match("--secure-port=10257") )] | length | if . ==1 then true else false end]{{else}}[.data."config.yaml" | fromjson | if .extendedArguments["secure-port"][]=="10257" then true else false end]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-controller-manager/configmaps/config#8241ce1009dc5dd166436d0311b60b96aa3a2f591ba43a26e2b9d0bfc9071414
file.
| | Rationale: | The Controller Manager API service is used for health and metrics
information and is available without authentication or encryption. As such, it
should only be bound to a localhost interface to minimize the cluster's
attack surface. | | Severity: | low | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_controller_secure_port | | Identifiers: | CCE-83861-5 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Configure the Service Account Certificate Authority Key for the Controller Manager
[ref] | To ensure the API Server utilizes its own key pair, set the masterCA
parameter to the public key file for service accounts in the openshift-kube-controller-manager configmap on the master
node(s):
"extendedArguments": {
...
"root-ca-file": [
"/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/configmaps/serviceaccount-ca/ca-bundle.crt"
],
...
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/pods?labelSelector=app%3Dkube-controller-manager{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-controller-manager/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[[.items[0].spec.containers[0].args[] | select(. | match("--root-ca-file") )] | length | if . ==1 then true else false end]{{else}}[.data."config.yaml" | fromjson | if .extendedArguments["root-ca-file"]!=null then true else false end]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-controller-manager/configmaps/config#e27218fb5fb7cd68a9911eb2db6bf715ca959f639e56cb60f90be782ddd7fcf8
file.
| | Rationale: | Service accounts authenticate to the API using tokens signed by a private RSA
key. The authentication layer verifies the signature using a matching public RSA key.
Configuring the certificate authority file ensures that the API server's signing
certificates are validated. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_controller_service_account_ca | | Identifiers: | CCE-84244-3 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Configure the Service Account Private Key for the Controller Manager
[ref] | To ensure the API Server utilizes its own key pair, set the privateKeyFile
parameter to the public key file for service accounts in the openshift-kube-controller-manager configmap on the master
node(s):
"extendedArguments": {
...
"service-account-private-key-file": [
"/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-resources/secrets/service-account-private-key/service-account.key"
],
...
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/pods?labelSelector=app%3Dkube-controller-manager{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-controller-manager/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[[.items[0].spec.containers[0].args[] | select(. | match("--service-account-private-key-file") )] | length | if . ==1 then true else false end]{{else}}[.data."config.yaml" | fromjson | if .extendedArguments["service-account-private-key-file"]!=null then true else false end]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-controller-manager/configmaps/config#407a17f0f401ae8c92955bc382bc80ee34a9afd51ab787e405bf524d03ebf3c8
file.
| | Rationale: | By default if no private key file is specified to the
API Server, the API Server uses the private key from the TLS serving
certificate to verify service account tokens. To ensure that the keys
for service account tokens could be rotated as needed, a separate
public/private key pair should be used for signing service account
tokens. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_controller_service_account_private_key | | Identifiers: | CCE-83526-4 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-003-8 R6, CIP-004-6 R3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R6.1 | | nist | CM-6, CM-6(1), SC-8, SC-8(1) | | pcidss | Req-2.2, Req-2.2.3, Req-2.3 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000516-CTR-001325 | | cis | 1.3.3 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2.5, 2.2.7, 2.2 |
| |
|
Rule
Ensure that use-service-account-credentials is enabled
[ref] | To ensure individual service account credentials are used,
set the use-service-account-credentials option to true
in the openshift-kube-controller-manager configmap on the master
node(s):
"extendedArguments": {
...
"use-service-account-credentials": [
"true"
],
...
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/pods?labelSelector=app%3Dkube-controller-manager{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-controller-manager/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[[.items[0].spec.containers[0].args[] | select(. | match("--use-service-account-credentials=true") )] | length | if . ==1 then true else false end]{{else}}[.data."config.yaml" | fromjson | if .extendedArguments["use-service-account-credentials"][]=="true" then true else false end]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-controller-manager/configmaps/config#be4ff4c2d3e706eb3b2f17921e5163bca81082bd313ff067ef625af9e6cb61ff
file.
| | Rationale: | The controller manager creates a service account per controller in
kube-system namespace, generates an API token and credentials for it,
then builds a dedicated API client with that service account credential
for each controller loop to use. Setting the
use-service-account-credentials to true runs each
control loop within the controller manager using a separate service
account credential. When used in combination with RBAC, this ensures
that the control loops run with the minimum permissions required to
perform their intended tasks. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_controller_use_service_account | | Identifiers: | CCE-84208-8 | | References: | | |
|
| Group
OpenShift etcd Settings
Group contains 8 rules |
[ref]
Contains rules that check correct OpenShift etcd settings. |
Rule
Disable etcd Self-Signed Certificates
[ref] | To ensure the etcd service is not using self-signed
certificates, run the following command:
$ oc get cm/etcd-pod -n openshift-etcd -o yaml
The etcd pod configuration contained in the configmap should not
contain the --auto-tls=true flag. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/pods?labelSelector=app%3Detcd{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-etcd/configmaps/etcd-pod{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[.items[0].spec.containers[0].command | join(" ")]{{else}}[.data."pod.yaml"]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-etcd/configmaps/etcd-pod#72b7530e9fb0f39686f598b00d791485841e98be902ba16431a5629726dd7027
file.
| | Rationale: | Without cryptographic integrity protections, information can be
altered by unauthorized users without detection. Using self-signed
certificates ensures that the certificates are never validated
against a certificate authority and could lead to compromised
and invalidated data. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_etcd_auto_tls | | Identifiers: | CCE-84199-9 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Ensure That The etcd Client Certificate Is Correctly Set
[ref] | To ensure the etcd service is serving TLS to clients,
make sure the etcd-pod* ConfigMaps in the
openshift-etcd namespace contain the following argument
for the etcd binary in the etcd pod:
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-certs/secrets/etcd-all-[a-z]+/etcd-serving-NODE_NAME.crt .
Note that the [a-z]+ is being used since the directory might
change between OpenShift versions. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/pods?labelSelector=app%3Detcd{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-etcd/configmaps/etcd-pod{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[.items[0].spec.containers[0].command | join(" ")]{{else}}[.data."pod.yaml"]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-etcd/configmaps/etcd-pod#72b7530e9fb0f39686f598b00d791485841e98be902ba16431a5629726dd7027
file.
| | Rationale: | Without cryptographic integrity protections, information can be
altered by unauthorized users without detection. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_etcd_cert_file | | Identifiers: | CCE-83553-8 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-003-8 R6, CIP-004-6 R3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R6.1 | | nist | CM-6, CM-6(1), SC-8, SC-8(1) | | pcidss | Req-2.2, Req-2.2.3, Req-2.3 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000516-CTR-001325 | | cis | 2.1 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2.5, 2.2.7, 2.2 |
| |
|
Rule
Enable The Client Certificate Authentication
[ref] | To ensure the etcd service is serving TLS to clients,
make sure the etcd-pod*
ConfigMaps in the
openshift-etcd namespace contain the following argument
for the etcd binary in the etcd pod:
oc get -nopenshift-etcd cm etcd-pod -oyaml | grep "\-\-client-cert-auth="
the parameter should be set to true. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/pods?labelSelector=app%3Detcd{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-etcd/configmaps/etcd-pod{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[.items[0].spec.containers[0].command | join(" ")]{{else}}[.data."pod.yaml"]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-etcd/configmaps/etcd-pod#72b7530e9fb0f39686f598b00d791485841e98be902ba16431a5629726dd7027
file.
| | Rationale: | Without cryptographic integrity protections, information can be
altered by unauthorized users without detection. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_etcd_client_cert_auth | | Identifiers: | CCE-84077-7 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-003-8 R6, CIP-004-6 R3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R6.1 | | nist | CM-6, CM-6(1), SC-8, SC-8(1) | | pcidss | Req-2.2, Req-2.2.3, Req-2.3 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000516-CTR-001325 | | cis | 2.2 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2.5, 2.2.7, 2.2 |
| |
|
Rule
Ensure That The etcd Key File Is Correctly Set
[ref] | To ensure the etcd service is serving TLS to clients,
make sure the etcd-pod* ConfigMaps in the
openshift-etcd namespace contain the following argument
for the etcd binary in the etcd pod:
oc get -nopenshift-etcd cm etcd-pod -oyaml | grep "\-\-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-certs/secrets/etcd-all-[a-z]+/etcd-serving-NODE_NAME.key" .
Note that the [a-z]+ is being used since the directory might
change between OpenShift versions. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/pods?labelSelector=app%3Detcd{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-etcd/configmaps/etcd-pod{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[.items[0].spec.containers[0].command | join(" ")]{{else}}[.data."pod.yaml"]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-etcd/configmaps/etcd-pod#72b7530e9fb0f39686f598b00d791485841e98be902ba16431a5629726dd7027
file.
| | Rationale: | Without cryptographic integrity protections, information can be
altered by unauthorized users without detection. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_etcd_key_file | | Identifiers: | CCE-83745-0 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-003-8 R6, CIP-004-6 R3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R6.1 | | nist | CM-6, CM-6(1), SC-8, SC-8(1) | | pcidss | Req-2.2, Req-2.2.3, Req-2.3 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000516-CTR-001325 | | cis | 2.1 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2.5, 2.2.7, 2.2 |
| |
|
Rule
Disable etcd Peer Self-Signed Certificates
[ref] | To ensure the etcd service is not using self-signed
certificates, run the following command:
$ oc get cm/etcd-pod -n openshift-etcd -o yaml
The etcd pod configuration contained in the configmap should not
contain the --peer-auto-tls=true flag. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/pods?labelSelector=app%3Detcd{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-etcd/configmaps/etcd-pod{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[.items[0].spec.containers[0].command | join(" ")]{{else}}[.data."pod.yaml"]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-etcd/configmaps/etcd-pod#72b7530e9fb0f39686f598b00d791485841e98be902ba16431a5629726dd7027
file.
| | Rationale: | Without cryptographic integrity protections, information can be
altered by unauthorized users without detection. Using self-signed
certificates ensures that the certificates are never validated
against a certificate authority and could lead to compromised
and invalidated data. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_etcd_peer_auto_tls | | Identifiers: | CCE-84184-1 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Ensure That The etcd Peer Client Certificate Is Correctly Set
[ref] | To ensure the etcd service is serving TLS to peers,
make sure the etcd-pod* ConfigMaps in the
openshift-etcd namespace contain the following argument
for the etcd binary in the etcd pod:
--peer-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-certs/secrets/etcd-all-[a-z]+/etcd-peer-NODE_NAME.crt
Note that the [a-z]+ is being used since the directory might
change between OpenShift versions. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/pods?labelSelector=app%3Detcd{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-etcd/configmaps/etcd-pod{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[.items[0].spec.containers[0].command | join(" ")]{{else}}[.data."pod.yaml"]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-etcd/configmaps/etcd-pod#72b7530e9fb0f39686f598b00d791485841e98be902ba16431a5629726dd7027
file.
| | Rationale: | Without cryptographic integrity protections, information can be
altered by unauthorized users without detection. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_etcd_peer_cert_file | | Identifiers: | CCE-83847-4 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1 | | nist | SC-8, SC-8(1), SC-8(2) | | pcidss | Req-2.2, Req-2.2.3, Req-2.3 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000441-CTR-001090, SRG-APP-000442-CTR-001095 | | cis | 2.4 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2.5, 2.2.7, 2.2 |
| |
|
Rule
Enable The Peer Client Certificate Authentication
[ref] | To ensure the etcd service is serving TLS to clients,
make sure the etcd-pod*
ConfigMaps in the
openshift-etcd namespace contain the following argument
for the etcd binary in the etcd pod:
oc get -nopenshift-etcd cm etcd-pod -oyaml | grep "\-\-peer-client-cert-auth="
the parameter should be set to true. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/pods?labelSelector=app%3Detcd{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-etcd/configmaps/etcd-pod{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[.items[0].spec.containers[0].command | join(" ")]{{else}}[.data."pod.yaml"]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-etcd/configmaps/etcd-pod#72b7530e9fb0f39686f598b00d791485841e98be902ba16431a5629726dd7027
file.
| | Rationale: | Without cryptographic integrity protections, information can be
altered by unauthorized users without detection. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_etcd_peer_client_cert_auth | | Identifiers: | CCE-83465-5 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-003-8 R6, CIP-004-6 R3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R6.1 | | nist | CM-6, CM-6(1), SC-8, SC-8(1) | | pcidss | Req-2.2, Req-2.2.3, Req-2.3 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000516-CTR-001325 | | cis | 2.5 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2.5, 2.2.7, 2.2 |
| |
|
Rule
Ensure That The etcd Peer Key File Is Correctly Set
[ref] | To ensure the etcd service is serving TLS to peers,
make sure the etcd-pod* ConfigMaps in the
openshift-etcd namespace contain the following argument
for the etcd binary in the etcd pod:
oc get -nopenshift-etcd cm etcd-pod -oyaml | grep "\-\-peer-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/static-pod-certs/secrets/etcd-all-[a-z]+/etcd-peer-NODE_NAME.key"
Note that the [a-z]+ is being used since the directory might
change between OpenShift versions. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/pods?labelSelector=app%3Detcd{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-etcd/configmaps/etcd-pod{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[.items[0].spec.containers[0].command | join(" ")]{{else}}[.data."pod.yaml"]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-etcd/configmaps/etcd-pod#72b7530e9fb0f39686f598b00d791485841e98be902ba16431a5629726dd7027
file.
| | Rationale: | Without cryptographic integrity protections, information can be
altered by unauthorized users without detection. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_etcd_peer_key_file | | Identifiers: | CCE-83711-2 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1 | | nist | SC-8, SC-8(1), SC-8(2) | | pcidss | Req-2.2, Req-2.2.3, Req-2.3 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000441-CTR-001090, SRG-APP-000442-CTR-001095 | | cis | 2.4 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2.5, 2.2.7, 2.2 |
| |
|
| Group
Kubernetes - General Security Practices
Group contains 12 rules |
[ref]
Contains evaluations for general security practices for operating a Kubernetes environment. |
Rule
Ensure that Advanced Cluster Security (ACS) Sensor is deployed
[ref] | Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security (ACS) for Kubernetes provides comprehensive security
for containerized environments. It offers deep visibility into deployed resources
across Kubernetes clusters, enabling teams to detect vulnerabilities in all images,
manage compliance, and enforce security policies. By integrating ACS into the Kubernetes
environment, organizations can automate security checks and configurations, ensuring that every
deployed application is scanned and secured according to best practices and organizational policies.
Sensor is the service responsible for analyzing and monitoring the cluster. Sensor
listens to the OpenShift Container Platform or Kubernetes API and Collector events
to report the current state of the cluster. Sensor also triggers deploy-time and
runtime violations based on RHACS Cloud Service policies. In addition, Sensor is
responsible for all cluster interactions, such as applying network policies,
initiating reprocessing of RHACS Cloud Service policies, and interacting with
the Admission controller. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
/apis/apps/v1/deployments?limit=500
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
[ .items[] | select(.metadata.name == "sensor" and .metadata.labels["app.kubernetes.io/name"] == "stackrox") | .status.availableReplicas]
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/apis/apps/v1/deployments?limit=500#f20d93efbeb5738d942f1a5361ac8e231e84518dfc252ab8fd7bd0121b6de53f
file.
| | Rationale: | ACS provides a method to continuously monitor and protect the Kubernetes environment against vulnerabilities
and misconfigurations. This ensures that the infrastructure and applications are compliant
with security standards and regulations, reducing the risk of security breaches. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_acs_sensor_exists | | Identifiers: | CCE-86171-6 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Ensure the alert receiver is configured
[ref] | In OpenShift Container Platform, an alert is fired when the conditions defined in an alerting
rule are true. An alert provides a notification that a set of circumstances are apparent within
a cluster. Firing alerts can be viewed in the Alerting UI in the OpenShift Container Platform
web console by default. After an installation, you can configure OpenShift Container Platform
to send alert notifications to external systems so that designate personnel can be alerted
in real time.
OpenShift provides multiple alert receivers integrations to send realtime alerts to different
services such as email, slack, pagerduty, webhooks, etc. [1][2]
[1]https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/latest/post_installation_configuration/configuring-alert-notifications.html#configuring-alert-receivers_configuring-alert-notifications
[2]https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/latest/monitoring/managing-alerts.html#applying-custom-alertmanager-configuration_managing-alerts | | Rationale: | Alerts are a critical part of the OpenShift Container Platform. Proper configuration of
receiver is required so that alerts can be sent to external systems in real-time to notify
users of potential issues. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_alert_receiver_configured | | Identifiers: | CCE-85911-6 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Ensure the notification is enabled for file integrity operator
[ref] | The OpenShift platform provides the File Integrity Operator to monitor for unwanted
file changes, and this control ensures proper notification alert is enabled so that system
administrators and security personnel are notified about the alerts Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
/apis/monitoring.coreos.com/v1/prometheusrules
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
[.items[] | select(.metadata.name =="file-integrity") | .metadata.name]
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/apis/monitoring.coreos.com/v1/prometheusrules#dda8d6e19f5a89264301ce56ece4df115a14d8a85e3ae6bd3cd8eccd234252c5
file.
| | Rationale: | File Integrity Operator is able to send out alerts | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_integrity_notification_enabled | | Identifiers: | CCE-90572-9 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Apply Security Context to Your Pods and Containers
[ref] | Apply Security Context to your Pods and Containers | | Rationale: | A security context defines the operating system security settings (uid, gid,
capabilities, SELinux role, etc..) applied to a container. When designing your
containers and pods, make sure that you configure the security context for your
pods, containers, and volumes. A security context is a property defined in the
deployment yaml. It controls the security parameters that will be assigned to
the pod/container/volume. There are two levels of security context: pod level
security context, and container level security context. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_general_apply_scc | | References: | | |
|
Rule
The default namespace should not be used
[ref] | Kubernetes provides a default namespace, where objects are placed if no
namespace is specified for them. Placing objects in this namespace makes
application of RBAC and other controls more difficult. | | Rationale: | Resources in a Kubernetes cluster should be segregated by namespace, to allow
for security controls to be applied at that level and to make it easier to
manage resources. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_general_default_namespace_use | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Ensure Seccomp Profile Pod Definitions
[ref] | Enable default seccomp profiles in your pod definitions. | | Rationale: | Seccomp (secure computing mode) is used to restrict the set of system calls
applications can make, allowing cluster administrators greater control over
the security of workloads running in the cluster. Kubernetes disables
seccomp profiles by default for historical reasons. You should enable it to
ensure that the workloads have restricted actions available within the
container. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_general_default_seccomp_profile | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Create administrative boundaries between resources using namespaces
[ref] | Use namespaces to isolate your Kubernetes objects. | | Rationale: | Limiting the scope of user permissions can reduce the impact of mistakes or
malicious activities. A Kubernetes namespace allows you to partition created
resources into logically named groups. Resources created in one namespace can
be hidden from other namespaces. By default, each resource created by a user
in Kubernetes cluster runs in a default namespace, called default. You can
create additional namespaces and attach resources and users to them. You can
use Kubernetes Authorization plugins to create policies that segregate access
to namespace resources between different users. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_general_namespaces_in_use | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Ensure that the kubeadmin secret has been removed
[ref] | The kubeadmin user is meant to be a temporary user used for
bootstrapping purposes. It is preferable to assign system
administrators whose users are backed by an Identity Provider.
Make sure to remove the user as
described in the documentation
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/secrets/kubeadmin API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/secrets/kubeadmin file. | | Rationale: | The kubeadmin user has an auto-generated password
and a self-signed certificate, and has effectively cluster-admin
permissions; therefore, it's considered a security liability. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_kubeadmin_removed | | Identifiers: | CCE-90387-2 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-004-6 R2.2.2, CIP-004-6 R2.2.3, CIP-007-3 R.1.3, CIP-007-3 R2, CIP-007-3 R5, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.3, CIP-007-3 R5.2.1, CIP-007-3 R5.2.3, CIP-007-3 R6.1, CIP-007-3 R6.2, CIP-007-3 R6.3, CIP-007-3 R6.4 | | nist | AC-2(2), AC-2(7), AC-2(9), AC-2(10), AC-12(1), IA-2(5), MA-4, SC-12(1) | | pcidss | Req-2.1 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000023-CTR-000055, CNTR-OS-000030, CNTR-OS-000040, CNTR-OS-000440 | | cis | 3.1.1, 5.1.1 | | bsi | APP.4.4.A3 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.2, 8.2.2, 8.2, 8.3 | | stigref | SV-257507r921464_rule, SV-257508r921467_rule, SV-257542r921569_rule |
| |
|
Rule
Ensure TLS v1.2 is minimum for Openshift APIServer
[ref] | Verify tls version for the openshift APIServer. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/openshift-apiserver{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}.data."config.yaml"{{else}}.data."config.yaml" | fromjson{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-apiserver/configmaps/config#45ae2c88fe28d39a42f19e165a1612353224e9663eb369000e03c7efcd10ef59
file.
| | Rationale: | Use of weak or untested encryption algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption to
protect data. The system must implement cryptographic modules adhering to the higher
standards approved by the federal government since this provides assurance they have been tested
and validated. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_tls_version_check_apiserver | | Identifiers: | CCE-85863-9 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Ensure TLS v1.2 is minimum for Openshift Router
[ref] | Verify tls version for the Openshift Router. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
/apis/apps/v1/namespaces/openshift-ingress/deployments/router-default
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
.spec.template.spec.containers[0].env[] | select(.name == "SSL_MIN_VERSION")
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/apis/apps/v1/namespaces/openshift-ingress/deployments/router-default#aa685c2fe85cfde2ec878952fdd5e72b0824bdaccd1063efcfc29fea8137840c
file.
| | Rationale: | Use of weak or untested encryption algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption to
protect data. The system must implement cryptographic modules adhering to the higher
standards approved by the federal government since this provides assurance they have been tested
and validated. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_tls_version_check_router | | Identifiers: | CCE-85865-4 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
This is a helper rule to fetch the required api resource for detecting HyperShift OCP version
[ref] | no description Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
/apis/hypershift.openshift.io/v1beta1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}/hostedclusters/{{.hypershift_cluster}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
[.status.version.history[].version]
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/hypershift/version
file.
This rule will be a hidden rule
true
true
| | Rationale: | no rationale | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_version_detect_in_hypershift | |
|
Rule
This is a helper rule to fetch the required api resource for detecting OCP version
[ref] | no description Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{.ocp_version_api_path}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{.ocp_version_yaml_path}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/ocp/version
file.
This rule will be a hidden rule
true
true
| | Rationale: | no rationale | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_version_detect_in_ocp | |
|
| Group
Kubernetes Kubelet Settings
Group contains 4 rules |
[ref]
The Kubernetes Kubelet is an agent that runs on each node in the cluster. It
makes sure that containers are running in a pod.
The kubelet takes a set of PodSpecs that are provided through various
mechanisms and ensures that the containers described in those PodSpecs are
running and healthy. The kubelet doesn’t manage containers which were not
created by Kubernetes. |
Rule
Ensure That The kubelet Client Certificate Is Correctly Set
[ref] | To ensure the kubelet TLS client certificate is configured, edit the
kubelet configuration file /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf
and configure the kubelet certificate file.
tlsCertFile: /path/to/TLS/cert.key
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[.data."config.json" | fromjson | select(.apiServerArguments["kubelet-client-certificate"]) | .apiServerArguments["kubelet-client-certificate"][] | select(test("/etc/kubernetes/certs/kubelet/tls.crt"))]{{else}}[.data."config.yaml" | fromjson | select(.apiServerArguments["kubelet-client-certificate"]) | .apiServerArguments["kubelet-client-certificate"][] | select(test("{{.var_apiserver_kubelet_client_cert}}"))]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#e5500055b4aa2fcf00dc09ad0e66e44b6b42d67f8d53d1e72ff81b32f0e09865
file.
| | Rationale: | Without cryptographic integrity protections, information can be
altered by unauthorized users without detection. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_kubelet_configure_tls_cert | | Identifiers: | CCE-83396-2 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1 | | nist | SC-8, SC-8(1), SC-8(2) | | pcidss | Req-2.2, Req-2.2.3, Req-2.3 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000441-CTR-001090, SRG-APP-000442-CTR-001095 | | cis | 4.2.9 | | bsi | APP.4.4.A17 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2.5, 2.2.7, 2.2 |
| |
|
Rule
Ensure that the Ingress Controller only makes use of Strong Cryptographic Ciphers
[ref] | Ensure that the Ingress Controller is configured to only use strong cryptographic ciphers. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/operator.openshift.io/v1/namespaces/openshift-ingress-operator/ingresscontrollers/default API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/operator.openshift.io/v1/namespaces/openshift-ingress-operator/ingresscontrollers/default file. | | Rationale: | TLS ciphers have had a number of known vulnerabilities and weaknesses,
which can reduce the protection provided by them. By default Kubernetes
supports a number of TLS ciphersuites including some that have security
concerns, weakening the protection provided. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_kubelet_configure_tls_cipher_suites_ingresscontroller | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Ensure That The kubelet Server Key Is Correctly Set
[ref] | To ensure the kubelet TLS private server key certificate is configured, edit the
kubelet configuration file /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf
and configure the kubelet private key file.
tlsPrivateKeyFile: /path/to/TLS/private.key
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}[.data."config.json" | fromjson | select(.apiServerArguments["kubelet-client-key"]) | .apiServerArguments["kubelet-client-key"][] | select(test("/etc/kubernetes/certs/kubelet/tls.key"))]{{else}}[.data."config.yaml" | fromjson | select(.apiServerArguments["kubelet-client-key"]) | .apiServerArguments["kubelet-client-key"][] | select(test("{{.var_apiserver_kubelet_client_key}}"))]{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#1e2b7c1158e0b9a602cb20d62c82b4660907bb57b63dac11c6c7c64211c49c69
file.
| | Rationale: | Without cryptographic integrity protections, information can be
altered by unauthorized users without detection. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_kubelet_configure_tls_key | | Identifiers: | CCE-90614-9 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1 | | nist | SC-8, SC-8(1), SC-8(2) | | pcidss | Req-2.2, Req-2.2.3, Req-2.3 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000441-CTR-001090, SRG-APP-000442-CTR-001095 | | cis | 4.2.9 | | bsi | APP.4.4.A17 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2.5, 2.2.7, 2.2 |
| |
|
Rule
kubelet - Disable the Read-Only Port
[ref] | To disable the read-only port, edit the kubelet configuration
Edit the openshift-kube-apiserver configmap
and set the kubelet-read-only-port parameter to 0:
"apiServerArguments":{
...
"kubelet-read-only-port":[
"0"
],
...
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/kas-config{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}.data."config.json" | fromjson{{else}}.data."config.yaml" | fromjson{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-kube-apiserver/configmaps/config#54842ba5cf821644f2727625c1518eba2de6e6b7ae318043d0bf7ccc9570e430
file.
| | Rationale: | OpenShift disables the read-only port (10255) on all nodes by setting the
read-only port kubelet flag to 0. This ensures only
authenticated connections are able to receive information about the OpenShift
system. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_kubelet_disable_readonly_port | | Identifiers: | CCE-83427-5 | | References: | | |
|
| Group
OpenShift - Logging Settings
Group contains 3 rules |
[ref]
Contains evaluations for the cluster's logging configuration settings. |
Rule
Ensure that Audit Log Errors Emit Alerts
[ref] |
OpenShift audit works at the API server level, logging all requests coming to the server.
However, if API server instance is unable to write errors, an alert must be issued
in order for the organization to take a relevant action. e.g. shutting down that instance.
Kubernetes by default has metrics that enable one to write such alerts:
apiserver_audit_event_totalapiserver_audit_error_total
Such an example is shipped in OCP 4.9+
apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
kind: PrometheusRule
metadata:
name: audit-errors
namespace: openshift-kube-apiserver
spec:
groups:
- name: apiserver-audit
rules:
- alert: AuditLogError
annotations:
summary: |-
An API Server instance was unable to write audit logs. This could be
triggered by the node running out of space, or a malicious actor
tampering with the audit logs.
description: An API Server had an error writing to an audit log.
expr: |
sum by (apiserver,instance)(rate(apiserver_audit_error_total{apiserver=~".+-apiserver"}[5m])) / sum by (apiserver,instance) (rate(apiserver_audit_event_total{apiserver=~".+-apiserver"}[5m])) > 0
for: 1m
labels:
severity: warning
For more information, consult the
official Kubernetes documentation.
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
/apis/monitoring.coreos.com/v1/prometheusrules
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
[.items[].spec.groups[].rules[].expr]
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/apis/monitoring.coreos.com/v1/prometheusrules#5fd5244e3dcae63319f7e86b918cb8ea6ce1b4124670ccb43750d7a75ca03cb7
file.
| | Rationale: | When there are errors writing audit logs, security events will not be logged
by that specific API Server instance. Security Incident Response teams use
these audit logs, amongst other artifacts, to determine the impact of
security breaches or events. Without these logs, it becomes very difficult
to assess a situation and do appropriate root cause analysis in such incidents. | | Severity: | high | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_error_alert_exists | | Identifiers: | CCE-90744-4 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2 | | nist | AU-5 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000109-CTR-000215, CNTR-OS-000200, CNTR-OS-000210 | | pcidss4 | 10.7.2, 10.7 | | stigref | SV-257522r921509_rule, SV-257523r921512_rule |
| |
|
Rule
Ensure that API server audit logging is enabled
[ref] | OpenShift has the ability to audit API server requests. Audit provides a
security-relevant chronological set of records documenting the sequence of
activities that have affected system by individual users, administrators, or
other components of the system. Audit works at the API server level, logging
all requests coming to the server.
Verify that audit logging is enabled by checking that the API server audit
log configuration is not set to `None`, which explicitly disables the
functionality.
For more information on how to configure the audit profile, please visit
the documentation
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/config.openshift.io/v1/apiservers/cluster API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/config.openshift.io/v1/apiservers/cluster file. | | Rationale: | Logging is an important detective control for all systems, to detect potential
unauthorised access. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_logging_enabled | | Identifiers: | CCE-90619-8 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R4, CIP-003-8 R4.1, CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-003-8 R5.2, CIP-003-8 R6, CIP-004-6 R2.2.2, CIP-004-6 R2.2.3, CIP-004-6 R3.3, CIP-007-3 R.1.3, CIP-007-3 R5, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.1, CIP-007-3 R5.3.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.3, CIP-007-3 R6.5 | | nist | AU-2, AU-3, AU-3(1), AU-6, AU-6(1), AU-7, AU-7(1), AU-8, AU-8(1), AU-9, AU-12, AU-12(1), AU-12(3), CM-5(1), SI-11, SI-12, SI-4(20), SI-4(23) | | pcidss | Req-2.2, Req-12.5.5 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000089-CTR-000150, SRG-APP-000090-CTR-000155, SRG-APP-000101-CTR-000205 | | cis | 3.2.1 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2, 10.2.1.3, 10.2.1, 10.2 |
| |
|
Rule
Ensure that the cluster's audit profile is properly set
[ref] |
OpenShift can audit the details of requests made to the API server through
the standard Kubernetes audit capabilities.
In OpenShift, auditing of the API Server is on by default. Audit provides a
security-relevant chronological set of records documenting the sequence of
activities that have affected system by individual users, administrators, or
other components of the system. Audit works at the API server level, logging
all requests coming to the server. Each audit log contains two entries:
The request line containing:
- A Unique ID allowing to match the response line (see #2)
- The source IP of the request
- The HTTP method being invoked
- The original user invoking the operation
- The impersonated user for the operation (self meaning himself)
- The impersonated group for the operation (lookup meaning user's group)
- The namespace of the request or none
- The URI as requested
The response line containing:
- The aforementioned unique ID
- The response code
For more information on how to configure the audit profile, please visit
the documentation
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/config.openshift.io/v1/apiservers/cluster API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/config.openshift.io/v1/apiservers/cluster file. | | Rationale: | Logging is an important detective control for all systems, to detect potential
unauthorised access. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_profile_set | | Identifiers: | CCE-83577-7 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R4, CIP-003-8 R4.1, CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-003-8 R5.2, CIP-003-8 R6, CIP-004-6 R2.2.2, CIP-004-6 R2.2.3, CIP-004-6 R3.3, CIP-007-3 R.1.3, CIP-007-3 R5, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.1, CIP-007-3 R5.3.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.3, CIP-007-3 R6.5 | | nist | AU-2, AU-3, AU-3(1), AU-6, AU-6(1), AU-7, AU-7(1), AU-8, AU-8(1), AU-9, AU-12, AU-12(1), AU-12(3), CM-5(1), SI-11, SI-12, SI-4(20), SI-4(23) | | pcidss | Req-2.2, Req-12.5.5 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000089-CTR-000150, SRG-APP-000090-CTR-000155, SRG-APP-000101-CTR-000205, CNTR-OS-000150 | | cis | 3.2.2 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2, 10.2.2, 10.2 | | stigref | SV-257517r921494_rule |
| |
|
| Group
Kubernetes - Network Configuration and Firewalls
Group contains 6 rules |
[ref]
Most systems must be connected to a network of some
sort, and this brings with it the substantial risk of network
attack. This section discusses the security impact of decisions
about networking which must be made when configuring a system.
This section also discusses firewalls, network access
controls, and other network security frameworks, which allow
system-level rules to be written that can limit an attackers' ability
to connect to your system. These rules can specify that network
traffic should be allowed or denied from certain IP addresses,
hosts, and networks. The rules can also specify which of the
system's network services are available to particular hosts or
networks. |
Rule
Ensure that the CNI in use supports Network Policies
[ref] | There are a variety of CNI plugins available for Kubernetes. If the CNI in
use does not support Network Policies it may not be possible to effectively
restrict traffic in the cluster. OpenShift supports Kubernetes NetworkPolicy
using a Kubernetes Container Network Interface (CNI) plug-in. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
/apis/operator.openshift.io/v1/networks/cluster
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
[.spec.defaultNetwork.type]
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/apis/operator.openshift.io/v1/networks/cluster#35e33d6dc1252a03495b35bd1751cac70041a511fa4d282c300a8b83b83e3498
file.
| | Rationale: | Kubernetes network policies are enforced by the CNI plugin in use. As such
it is important to ensure that the CNI plugin supports both Ingress and
Egress network policies. | | Severity: | high | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_configure_network_policies | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R6, CIP-004-6 R3, CIP-007-3 R6.1 | | nist | CM-6, CM-6(1) | | pcidss | Req-1.1.4, Req-1.2, Req-2.2 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000038-CTR-000105, CNTR-OS-000100 | | cis | 5.3.1 | | bsi | APP.4.4.A7, APP.4.4.A18, SYS.1.6.A5, SYS.1.6.A21 | | pcidss4 | 1.4.1, 1.4, 2.2.1, 2.2 | | stigref | SV-257514r921485_rule |
| |
|
Rule
Ensure that HyperShift Hosted Namespaces have Network Policies defined.
[ref] | Use network policies to isolate traffic in your cluster network. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
/apis/networking.k8s.io/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/networkpolicies
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
[.items[] | .metadata.name]
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/apis/networking.k8s.io/v1/namespaces/networkpolicies#08ccf6ea6e29d378349cc36918df58d5e6172cd458ede2bf03fe4266ee1b6d6a
file.
| | Rationale: | Running different applications on the same Kubernetes cluster creates a risk of one
compromised application attacking a neighboring application. Network segmentation is
important to ensure that containers can communicate only with those they are supposed
to. When a network policy is introduced to a given namespace, all traffic not allowed
by the policy is denied. However, if there are no network policies in a namespace all
traffic will be allowed into and out of the pods in that namespace. | | Severity: | high | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_configure_network_policies_hypershift_hosted | | Identifiers: | CCE-86104-7 | | References: | | pcidss | Req-1.1.4, Req-1.2, Req-1.2.1, Req-1.3.1, Req-1.3.2, Req-2.2 | | cis | 5.3.2 | | pcidss4 | 1.2.6, 1.2, 1.3.1, 1.3, 1.4.1, 1.4, 2.2.1, 2.2 |
| |
|
Rule
Ensure that application Namespaces have Network Policies defined.
[ref] | Use network policies to isolate traffic in your cluster network. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
/apis/networking.k8s.io/v1/networkpolicies
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
[.items[] | select((.metadata.namespace | startswith("openshift") | not) and (.metadata.namespace | startswith("kube-") | not) and .metadata.namespace != "default" and ({{if ne .var_network_policies_namespaces_exempt_regex "None"}}.metadata.namespace | test("{{.var_network_policies_namespaces_exempt_regex}}") | not{{else}}true{{end}})) | .metadata.namespace] | unique
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/apis/networking.k8s.io/v1/networkpolicies#7400bb301fff2f7fc7b1b0fb7448b8e3f15222a8d23f992204315b19eeefa72f
file.
/api/v1/namespaces
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
[.items[] | select((.metadata.name | startswith("openshift") | not) and (.metadata.name | startswith("kube-") | not) and .metadata.name != "default" and ({{if ne .var_network_policies_namespaces_exempt_regex "None"}}.metadata.name | test("{{.var_network_policies_namespaces_exempt_regex}}") | not{{else}}true{{end}}))]
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces#f673748db2dd4e4f0ad55d10ce5e86714c06da02b67ddb392582f71ef81efab2
file.
| | Rationale: | Running different applications on the same Kubernetes cluster creates a risk of one
compromised application attacking a neighboring application. Network segmentation is
important to ensure that containers can communicate only with those they are supposed
to. When a network policy is introduced to a given namespace, all traffic not allowed
by the policy is denied. However, if there are no network policies in a namespace all
traffic will be allowed into and out of the pods in that namespace. | | Severity: | high | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_configure_network_policies_namespaces | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R4, CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-003-8 R5, CIP-003-8 R6, CIP-004-6 R2.2.4, CIP-004-6 R3, CIP-007-3 R2, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R6.1 | | nist | AC-4, AC-4(21), CA-3(5), CM-6, CM-6(1), CM-7, CM-7(1), SC-7, SC-7(3), SC-7(5), SC-7(8), SC-7(12), SC-7(13), SC-7(18), SC-7(10), SI-4(22) | | pcidss | Req-1.1.4, Req-1.2, Req-1.2.1, Req-1.3.1, Req-1.3.2, Req-2.2 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000038-CTR-000105, CNTR-OS-000100 | | cis | 5.3.2 | | bsi | APP.4.4.A7, APP.4.4.A18, SYS.1.6.A5, SYS.1.6.A21 | | pcidss4 | 1.2.6, 1.2, 1.3.1, 1.3, 1.4.1, 1.4, 2.2.1, 2.2 | | stigref | SV-257514r921485_rule |
| |
|
Rule
Ensure that the default Ingress certificate has been replaced
[ref] | Check that the default Ingress certificate has been replaced. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/operator.openshift.io/v1/namespaces/openshift-ingress-operator/ingresscontrollers/default API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/operator.openshift.io/v1/namespaces/openshift-ingress-operator/ingresscontrollers/default file. | | Rationale: | OpenShift auto-generates several PKIs to serve TLS on different
endpoints of the system. It is possible and necessary to configure a
custom PKI which allows external clients to trust the endpoints.
The Ingress Operator is the component responsible for enabling external
access to OpenShift Container Platform cluster services. The aforementioned
operator creates an internal CA and issues a wildcard certificate that is
valid for applications under the .apps sub-domain. Both the web console
and CLI use this certificate as well. The certificate and key would need
to be replaced since a certificate coming from a trusted provider is
needed.
https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/latest/security/certificates/replacing-default-ingress-certificate.html
| | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_ingress_controller_certificate | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Ensure IngressController is configured to use secure tlsSecurityProfile
[ref] |
The configuration tlsSecurityProfile specifies TLS configurations
to be used while establishing connections with the externally exposed
servers. Though secure transport mode is used for establishing connections,
the protocols used may not always be strong enough to avoid interception and
manipulation of the data in transport. TLS Security profile configured should
not make use of any protocols, ciphers, and algorithms with known security
vulnerabilities.
tlsSecurityProfile can be configured to use one of custom, intermediate,
modern, or old profile. Profile Old should be avoided at all times and when using
custom profile one should be extremely careful as invalid configurations can be
catastrophic. It is always advised to use highly secure intermediate or modern
profiles and if unset profile configured in apiservers.config.openshift.io/cluster
resource will be used as default.
To update tlsSecurityProfile to Intermediate use the following command:
oc patch -n openshift-ingress-operator ingresscontrollers.operator.openshift.io default --type 'json' --patch '[{"op": "add", "path": "/spec/tlsSecurityProfile/intermediate", "value": {}}, {"op": "replace", "path": "/spec/tlsSecurityProfile/type", "value": "Intermediate"}'
For more information, follow
OpenShift documentation:
the relevant documentation.
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/operator.openshift.io/v1/namespaces/openshift-ingress-operator/ingresscontrollers/default API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/operator.openshift.io/v1/namespaces/openshift-ingress-operator/ingresscontrollers/default file. | | Rationale: | The authenticity and integrity of the container platform and communication
between nodes and components must be secure. If an insecure protocol,
cipher, or algorithms is used, during transmission of data, the data can be
intercepted and manipulated. To thwart the manipulation of the data during
transmission secure protocol, cipher and algorithms must be used. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_ingress_controller_tls_security_profile | | Identifiers: | CCE-86234-2 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Ensure that all OpenShift Routes prefer TLS
[ref] | OpenShift Container Platform provides methods for communicating from
outside the cluster with services running in the cluster. TLS must
be used to protect these communications. OpenShift
Routes provide the ability to configure the needed TLS settings. With
these, one is able to configure that any request coming from the outside
must use TLS. To verify this, ensure that every Route in the system
has a policy of Disable or Redirect to ensure a
secure endpoint is used. The aforementioned policy will be set in
a Routes .spec.tls.insecureEdgeTerminationPolicy setting. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
/apis/route.openshift.io/v1/routes
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
[.items[] | select(.spec.tls.insecureEdgeTerminationPolicy != null) | select(.spec.tls.insecureEdgeTerminationPolicy | test("^(^$|None|Redirect)$"; "") | not) | .metadata.name]
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/apis/route.openshift.io/v1/routes#7e8388627b1179db3e5e6aa75ac4f55c09c2a68f1f3e8888e0e96bb139a21b61
file.
| | Rationale: | Using clear-text in communications coming to or from outside
the cluster's network may leak sensitive information. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_routes_protected_by_tls | | Identifiers: | CCE-84225-2 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R4, CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-003-8 R5, CIP-004-6 R3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R7.1 | | nist | AC-4, AC-4(21), AC-17(3), SC-8, SC-8(1), SC-8(2), SI-4, SI-4(22) | | pcidss | Req-6.5.4 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000441-CTR-001090, SRG-APP-000442-CTR-001095 | | pcidss4 | 4.2.1, 4.2 |
| |
|
| Group
OpenShift API Server
Group contains 3 rules |
[ref]
This section contains recommendations for openshift-apiserver configuration. |
Rule
Configure the OpenShift API Server Maximum Retained Audit Logs
[ref] | To configure how many rotations of audit logs are retained,
edit the openshift-apiserver configmap
and set the audit-log-maxbackup parameter to
10 or to an organizationally appropriate value:
"apiServerArguments":{
...
"audit-log-maxbackup": [10],
...
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/openshift-apiserver{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}.data."config.yaml"{{else}}.data."config.yaml" | fromjson{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-apiserver/configmaps/config#45ae2c88fe28d39a42f19e165a1612353224e9663eb369000e03c7efcd10ef59
file.
| | Rationale: | OpenShift automatically rotates the log files. Retaining old log files ensures
OpenShift Operators will have sufficient log data available for carrying out
any investigation or correlation. For example, if the audit log size is set to
100 MB and the number of retained log files is set to 10, OpenShift Operators
would have approximately 1 GB of log data to use during analysis. | | Severity: | low | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_ocp_api_server_audit_log_maxbackup | | Identifiers: | CCE-83977-9 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Configure OpenShift API Server Maximum Audit Log Size
[ref] | To rotate audit logs upon reaching a maximum size,
edit the openshift-apiserver configmap
and set the audit-log-maxsize parameter to
an appropriate size in MB. For example, to set it to 100 MB:
"apiServerArguments":{
...
"audit-log-maxsize": ["100"],
...
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}/api/v1/namespaces/{{.hypershift_namespace_prefix}}-{{.hypershift_cluster}}/configmaps/openshift-apiserver{{else}}/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-apiserver/configmaps/config{{end}}
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
{{if ne .hypershift_cluster "None"}}.data."config.yaml"{{else}}.data."config.yaml" | fromjson{{end}}
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-apiserver/configmaps/config#45ae2c88fe28d39a42f19e165a1612353224e9663eb369000e03c7efcd10ef59
file.
| | Rationale: | OpenShift automatically rotates log files. Retaining old log files ensures that
OpenShift Operators have sufficient log data available for carrying out any
investigation or correlation. If you have set file size of 100 MB and the number of
old log files to keep as 10, there would be approximately 1 GB of log data
available for use in analysis. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_ocp_api_server_audit_log_maxsize | | Identifiers: | CCE-83687-4 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Configure the Audit Log Path
[ref] | To enable auditing on the OpenShift API Server, the audit log path must be set.
Edit the openshift-apiserver configmap
and set the audit-log-path to a suitable path and file
where audit logs should be written. For example:
"apiServerArguments":{
...
"audit-log-path":"/var/log/openshift-apiserver/audit.log",
...
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /api/v1/namespaces/openshift-apiserver/configmaps/config API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/api/v1/namespaces/openshift-apiserver/configmaps/config file. | | Rationale: | Auditing of the API Server is not enabled by default. Auditing the API Server
provides a security-relevant chronological set of records documenting the sequence
of activities that have affected the system by users, administrators, or other
system components. | | Severity: | high | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_openshift_api_server_audit_log_path | | Identifiers: | CCE-83547-0 | | References: | | |
|
| Group
Role-based Access Control
Group contains 8 rules |
[ref]
Role-based access control (RBAC) objects determine
whether a user is allowed to perform a given action
within a project.
Cluster administrators can use the cluster roles and
bindings to control who has various access levels to
the OpenShift Container Platform platform itself
and all projects.
Developers can use local roles and bindings to control
who has access to their projects. Note that authorization
is a separate step from authentication, which is more
about determining the identity of who is taking the action. |
Rule
Ensure cluster roles are defined in the cluster
[ref] | Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterroles?limit=1000 API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterroles?limit=1000 file. | | Rationale: | By defining RBAC cluster roles, one is able to limit the permissions
given to a Service Account, and thus limit the blast radius
that an account compromise would have. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_rbac_cluster_roles_defined | | Identifiers: | CCE-86595-6 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Profiling is protected by RBAC
[ref] | Ensure that the cluster-debugger cluster role includes the /debug/pprof
resource URL. This demonstrates that profiling is protected by RBAC, with a
specific cluster role to allow access. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterroles/cluster-debugger API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterroles/cluster-debugger file. | | Rationale: | Profiling allows for the identification of specific performance bottlenecks.
It generates a significant amount of program data that could potentially be
exploited to uncover system and program details. If you are not experiencing
any bottlenecks and do not need the profiler for troubleshooting purposes, it
is recommended to turn it off to reduce the potential attack surface. To
ensure the collected data is not exploited, profiling endpoints are secured
via RBAC (see cluster-debugger role). By default, the profiling endpoints are
accessible only by users bound to cluster-admin or cluster-debugger role.
Profiling can not be disabled. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_rbac_debug_role_protects_pprof | | Identifiers: | CCE-84182-5 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Ensure that the RBAC setup follows the principle of least privilege
[ref] | Role-based access control (RBAC) objects determine whether a user is
allowed to perform a given action within a project.
If users or groups exist that are bound to roles they must not have, modify the user or group permissions using the following cluster and local role binding commands:
Remove a User from a Cluster RBAC role by executing the following:
oc adm policy remove-cluster-role-from-user role username
Remove a Group from a Cluster RBAC role by executing the following:
oc adm policy remove-cluster-role-from-group role groupname
Remove a User from a Local RBAC role by executing the following:
oc adm policy remove-role-from-user role username
Remove a Group from a Local RBAC role by executing the following:
oc adm policy remove-role-from-group role groupname
NOTE: For additional information. https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/latest/authentication/using-rbac.html | | Rationale: | Controlling and limiting users access to system services and resources
is key to securing the platform and limiting the intentional or
unintentional comprimising of the system and its services. OpenShift
provides a robust RBAC policy system that allows for authorization
policies to be as detailed as needed. Additionally there are two layers
of RBAC policies, the first is Cluster RBAC policies which administrators
can control who has what access to cluster level services. The other is
Local RBAC policies, which allow project developers/administrators to
control what level of access users have to a given project or namespace. | | Severity: | high | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_rbac_least_privilege | | Identifiers: | CCE-90678-4 | | References: | | nist | AC-3, CM-5(6), IA-2, IA-2(5), AC-6(10), CM-11(2), CM-5(1), CM-7(5)(b) | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000033-CTR-000090, SRG-APP-000033-CTR-000095, SRG-APP-000033-CTR-000100, SRG-APP-000133-CTR-000290, SRG-APP-000133-CTR-000295, SRG-APP-000133-CTR-000300, SRG-APP-000133-CTR-000305, SRG-APP-000133-CTR-000310, SRG-APP-000148-CTR-000350, SRG-APP-000153-CTR-000375, SRG-APP-000340-CTR-000770, SRG-APP-000378-CTR-000880, SRG-APP-000378-CTR-000885, SRG-APP-000378-CTR-000890, SRG-APP-000380-CTR-000900, SRG-APP-000386-CTR-000920, CNTR-OS-000090 | | cis | 5.2.10 | | bsi | APP.4.4.A3, APP.4.4.A7, APP.4.4.A9, SYS.1.6.A8, SYS.1.6.A19 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2 | | stigref | SV-257513r921482_rule |
| |
|
Rule
Ensure that the cluster-admin role is only used where required
[ref] | The RBAC role cluster-admin provides wide-ranging powers over the
environment and should be used only where and when needed. | | Rationale: | Kubernetes provides a set of default roles where RBAC is used. Some of these
roles such as cluster-admin provide wide-ranging privileges which should
only be applied where absolutely necessary. Roles such as cluster-admin
allow super-user access to perform any action on any resource. When used in
a ClusterRoleBinding, it gives full control over every resource in the
cluster and in all namespaces. When used in a RoleBinding, it gives full
control over every resource in the rolebinding's namespace, including the
namespace itself. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_rbac_limit_cluster_admin | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Limit Access to Kubernetes Secrets
[ref] | The Kubernetes API stores secrets, which may be service
account tokens for the Kubernetes API or credentials used
by workloads in the cluster. Access to these secrets should
be restricted to the smallest possible group of users to
reduce the risk of privilege escalation. To restrict users from
secrets, remove get, list, and watch
access to unauthorized users to secret objects in the cluster. | | Rationale: | Inappropriate access to secrets stored within the Kubernetes
cluster can allow for an attacker to gain additional access to
the Kubernetes cluster or external resources whose credentials
are stored as secrets. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_rbac_limit_secrets_access | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Minimize Access to Pod Creation
[ref] | The ability to create pods in a namespace can provide a
number of opportunities for privilege escalation. Where
applicable, remove create access to pod
objects in the cluster. | | Rationale: | The ability to create pods in a cluster opens up the cluster
for privilege escalation. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_rbac_pod_creation_access | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Ensure roles are defined in the cluster
[ref] | Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/roles?limit=1000 API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/roles?limit=1000 file. | | Rationale: | By defining RBAC roles, one is able to limit the permissions
given to a Service Account, and thus limit the blast radius
that an account compromise would have. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_rbac_roles_defined | | Identifiers: | CCE-86588-1 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Minimize Wildcard Usage in Cluster and Local Roles
[ref] | Kubernetes Cluster and Local Roles provide access to resources
based on sets of objects and actions that can be taken on
those objects. It is possible to set either of these using a
wildcard * which matches all items. This violates the
principle of least privilege and leaves a cluster in a more
vulnerable state to privilege abuse. | | Rationale: | The principle of least privilege recommends that users are
provided only the access required for their role and nothing
more. The use of wildcard rights grants is likely to provide
excessive rights to the Kubernetes API. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_rbac_wildcard_use | | References: | | |
|
| Group
Kubernetes - Registry Security Practices
Group contains 4 rules |
[ref]
Contains evaluations for Kubernetes registry security practices, and cluster-wide registry configuration. |
Rule
Allowed registries are configured
[ref] | The configuration registrySources.allowedRegistries determines the
permitted registries that the OpenShift container runtime can access for builds
and pods. This configuration setting ensures that all registries other than
those specified are blocked.
You can set the allowed repositories by applying the following manifest using
oc patch , e.g. if you save the following snippet to
/tmp/allowed-registries-patch.yaml
spec:
registrySources:
allowedRegistries:
- my-trusted-registry.internal.example.com
you would call
oc patch image.config.openshift.io cluster --patch="$(cat /tmp/allowed-registries-patch.yaml)" --type=merge
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/config.openshift.io/v1/images/cluster API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/config.openshift.io/v1/images/cluster file. | | Rationale: | Allowed registries should be configured to restrict the registries that the
OpenShift container runtime can access, and all other registries should be
blocked. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_ocp_allowed_registries | | References: | | nist | CM-5(3), CM-7(2), CM-7(5), CM-11 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000456-CTR-001125, CNTR-OS-000890, CNTR-OS-000900 | | cis | 5.5.1 | | bsi | SYS.1.6.A6, SYS.1.6.A12 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2 | | stigref | SV-257571r921656_rule, SV-257572r921659_rule |
| |
|
Rule
Allowed registries for import are configured
[ref] | The configuration allowedRegistriesForImport limits the container
image registries from which normal users may import images. This is important
to control, as a user who can stand up a malicious registry can then import
content which claims to include the SHAs of legitimate content layers.
You can set the allowed repositories for import by applying the following
manifest using oc patch , e.g. if you save the following snippet to
/tmp/allowed-import-registries-patch.yaml
spec:
allowedRegistriesForImport:
- domainName: my-trusted-registry.internal.example.com
insecure: false
you would call
oc patch image.config.openshift.io cluster --patch="$(cat /tmp/allowed-import-registries-patch.yaml)" --type=merge
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/config.openshift.io/v1/images/cluster API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/config.openshift.io/v1/images/cluster file. | | Rationale: | Allowed registries for import should be specified to limit the registries
from which users may import images. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_ocp_allowed_registries_for_import | | References: | | nist | CM-5(3), CM-7(2), CM-7(5), CM-11 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000456-CTR-001125, CNTR-OS-000890, CNTR-OS-000900 | | cis | 5.5.1 | | bsi | SYS.1.6.A6, SYS.1.6.A12 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2 | | stigref | SV-257571r921656_rule, SV-257572r921659_rule |
| |
|
Rule
Check configured allowed registries for import uses secure protocol
[ref] | The configuration allowedRegistriesForImport limits the container
image registries from which normal users may import images. This is a list
of the registries that can be trusted to contain valid images and the image
location configured is assumed to be secured unless configured otherwise. It
is important to allow only secure registries to avoid man in the middle attacks,
as the insecure image import request can be impersonated and could lead to
fetching malicious content.
List all the allowed repositories for import configured with insecure set to true
using the following command:
oc get image.config.openshift.io/cluster -o json | jq '.spec | (.allowedRegistriesForImport[])? | select(.insecure==true)'
Remove or edit the listed registries having insecure set by using the command:
oc edit image.config.openshift.io/cluster
For more information, follow
the relevant documentation. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/config.openshift.io/v1/images/cluster API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/config.openshift.io/v1/images/cluster file. | | Rationale: | Configured list of allowed registries for import should be from the secure source. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_ocp_insecure_allowed_registries_for_import | | Identifiers: | CCE-86235-9 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Check if any insecure registry sources is configured
[ref] | The configuration registrySources.insecureRegistries determines the
insecure registries that the OpenShift container runtime can access for builds
and pods. This configuration setting is for accessing the configured registries
without TLS validation which could lead to security breaches and should be
avoided.
Remove any insecureRegistries configured using the following command:
oc patch image.config.openshift.io cluster --type=json -p "[{'op': 'remove', 'path': '/spec/registrySources/insecureRegistries'}]"
For more information, follow
the relevant documentation. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/config.openshift.io/v1/images/cluster API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/config.openshift.io/v1/images/cluster file. | | Rationale: | Insecure registries should not be configured, which would restrict the possibilities of
OpenShift container runtime accessing registries which cannot be validated. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_ocp_insecure_registries | | Identifiers: | CCE-86123-7 | | References: | | |
|
| Group
OpenShift - Risk Assessment Settings
Group contains 2 rules |
[ref]
Contains evaluations for the cluster's risk assessment configuration settings. |
Rule
Make sure the Container Security Operator is installed
[ref] |
Using the Red Hat Quay Container Security Operator, you can access
vulnerability scan results from the OpenShift Container Platform web
console for container images used in active pods on the cluster. The
Red Hat Quay Container Security Operator:
- Watches containers associated with pods on all or specified namespaces
- Queries the container registry where the containers came from
for vulnerability information, provided an image’s registry is
running image scanning (such as Quay.io or a Red Hat Quay registry
with Clair scanning)
- Exposes vulnerabilities via the ImageManifestVuln object in the
Kubernetes API
For more information on the Container Security Operator, follow the
OpenShift documentation:
https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/latest/security/pod-vulnerability-scan.html
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/operators.coreos.com/v1alpha1/namespaces/openshift-operators/subscriptions/container-security-operator API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/operators.coreos.com/v1alpha1/namespaces/openshift-operators/subscriptions/container-security-operator file. | | Rationale: | Vulnerabilities in software packages can be exploited by hackers or malicious
users to obtain unauthorized access to resources. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_container_security_operator_exists | | Identifiers: | CCE-90613-1 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Ensure that Compliance Operator is scanning the cluster
[ref] | The Compliance Operator
scans the hosts and the platform (OCP)
configurations for software flaws and improper configurations according
to different compliance benchmarks. It uses OpenSCAP as a backend,
which is a known and certified tool to do such scans. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/compliance.openshift.io/v1alpha1/scansettingbindings?limit=5 API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/compliance.openshift.io/v1alpha1/scansettingbindings?limit=5 file. | | Rationale: | Vulnerability scanning and risk management are important detective controls
for all systems, to detect potential flaws and unauthorised access. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_scansettingbinding_exists | | Identifiers: | CCE-83697-3 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R1.3, CIP-003-8 R4.3, CIP-003-8 R6, CIP-004-6 4.1, CIP-004-6 4.2, CIP-004-6 R3, CIP-004-6 R4, CIP-004-6 R4.2, CIP-005-6 R1, CIP-005-6 R1.1, CIP-005-6 R1.2, CIP-007-3 R3, CIP-007-3 R3.1, CIP-007-3 R6.1, CIP-007-3 R8.4 | | nist | CM-6, CM-6(1), RA-5, RA-5(5), SA-4(8) | | pcidss | Req-2.2.4 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000472-CTR-001170, CNTR-OS-000910 | | bsi | APP.4.4.A13 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2.6, 2.2 | | stigref | SV-257573r921662_rule |
| |
|
| Group
Security Context Constraints (SCC)
Group contains 9 rules |
[ref]
Similar to the way that RBAC resources control user access,
administrators can use Security Context Constraints (SCCs)
to control permissions for pods. These permissions include
actions that a pod, a collection of containers, can perform
and what resources it can access. You can use SCCs to define
a set of conditions that a pod must run with in order to be
accepted into the system. |
Rule
Drop Container Capabilities
[ref] | Containers should not enable more capabilities than needed as this
opens the door for malicious use. To disable the
capabilities, the appropriate Security Context Constraints (SCCs)
should set all capabilities as * or a list of capabilities in
requiredDropCapabilities. | | Rationale: | By default, containers run with a default set of capabilities as assigned
by the Container Runtime which can include dangerous or highly privileged
capabilities. Capabilities should be dropped unless absolutely critical for
the container to run software as added capabilities that are not required
allow for malicious containers or attackers. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_scc_drop_container_capabilities | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Limit Container Capabilities
[ref] |
Containers should not enable more capabilites than needed as this
opens the door for malicious use. To enable only the
required capabilities, the appropriate Security Context Constraints (SCCs)
should set capabilities as a list in allowedCapabilities.
In case an SCC outside the default allow list in the variable
var-sccs-with-allowed-capabilities-regex is being flagged,
create a TailoredProfile and add the additional SCC to the
regular expression in the variable var-sccs-with-allowed-capabilities-regex.
An example allowing an SCC named additional follows:
apiVersion: compliance.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: TailoredProfile
metadata:
name: cis-additional-scc
spec:
description: Allows an additional scc
setValues:
- name: ocp4-var-sccs-with-allowed-capabilities-regex
rationale: Allow our own custom SCC
value: ^privileged$|^hostnetwork-v2$|^restricted-v2$|^nonroot-v2$|^additional$
extends: ocp4-cis
title: Modified CIS allowing one more SCC
Finally, reference this TailoredProfile in a ScanSettingBinding
For more information on Tailoring the Compliance Operator, please consult the
OpenShift documentation:
https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/latest/security/compliance_operator/co-scans/compliance-operator-tailor.html
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the following:
/apis/security.openshift.io/v1/securitycontextconstraints
API endpoint, filter with with the jq utility using the following filter
[.items[] | select(.metadata.name | test("{{.var_sccs_with_allowed_capabilities_regex}}"; "") | not) | select(.allowedCapabilities != null) | .metadata.name]
and persist it to the local
/kubernetes-api-resources/apis/security.openshift.io/v1/securitycontextconstraints#821f2c3e5c4100d5609ac6070d8a51075295651614a05c65a5f744ba751c15b0
file.
| | Rationale: | By default, containers run with a default set of capabilities as assigned
by the Container Runtime which can include dangerous or highly privileged
capabilities. Capabilities should be dropped unless absolutely critical for
the container to run software as added capabilities that are not required
allow for malicious containers or attackers. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_scc_limit_container_allowed_capabilities | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Limit Access to the Host IPC Namespace
[ref] | Containers should not be allowed access to the host's Interprocess Communication (IPC)
namespace. To prevent containers from getting access to a host's
IPC namespace, the appropriate Security Context Constraints (SCCs)
should set allowHostIPC to false. | | Rationale: | A container running in the host's IPC namespace can use IPC
to interact with processes outside the container potentially
allowing an attacker to exploit a host process thereby enabling an
attacker to exploit other services. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_scc_limit_ipc_namespace | | Identifiers: | CCE-84042-1 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R6, CIP-004-6 R3, CIP-007-3 R6.1 | | nist | CM-6, CM-6(1) | | pcidss | Req-2.2 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000516-CTR-001325, CNTR-OS-000660 | | cis | 5.2.3 | | bsi | APP.4.4.A4, APP.4.4.A9, SYS.1.6.A16, SYS.1.6.A18, SYS.1.6.A21 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2 | | stigref | SV-257557r921614_rule |
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Rule
Limit Use of the CAP_NET_RAW
[ref] | Containers should not enable more capabilities than needed as this
opens the door for malicious use. CAP_NET_RAW enables a container
to launch a network attack on another container or cluster. To disable the
CAP_NET_RAW capability, the appropriate Security Context Constraints (SCCs)
should set NET_RAW in requiredDropCapabilities. | | Rationale: | By default, containers run with a default set of capabilities as assigned
by the Container Runtime which can include dangerous or highly privileged
capabilities. If the CAP_NET_RAW is enabled, it may be misused
by malicious containers or attackers. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_scc_limit_net_raw_capability | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Limit Access to the Host Network Namespace
[ref] | Containers should not be allowed access to the host's network
namespace. To prevent containers from getting access to a host's
network namespace, the appropriate Security Context Constraints (SCCs)
should set allowHostNetwork to false. | | Rationale: | A container running in the host's network namespace could
access the host network traffic to and from other pods
potentially allowing an attacker to exploit pods and network
traffic. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_scc_limit_network_namespace | | Identifiers: | CCE-83492-9 | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R6, CIP-004-6 R3, CIP-007-3 R6.1 | | nist | CM-6, CM-6(1) | | pcidss | Req-2.2 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000142-CTR-000330, CNTR-OS-000660 | | cis | 5.2.4 | | bsi | APP.4.4.A4, APP.4.4.A9, SYS.1.6.A16, SYS.1.6.A18, SYS.1.6.A21 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2 | | stigref | SV-257557r921614_rule |
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Rule
Limit Containers Ability to Escalate Privileges
[ref] | Containers should be limited to only the privileges required
to run and should not be allowed to escalate their privileges.
To prevent containers from escalating privileges,
the appropriate Security Context Constraints (SCCs)
should set allowPrivilegeEscalation to false. | | Rationale: | Privileged containers have access to more of the Linux Kernel
capabilities and devices. If a privileged container were
compromised, an attacker would have full access to the container
and host. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_scc_limit_privilege_escalation | | Identifiers: | CCE-83447-3 | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Limit Privileged Container Use
[ref] | Containers should be limited to only the privileges required
to run. To prevent containers from running as privileged containers,
the appropriate Security Context Constraints (SCCs) should set
allowPrivilegedContainer to false. | | Rationale: | Privileged containers have access to all Linux Kernel
capabilities and devices. If a privileged container were
compromised, an attacker would have full access to the container
and host. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_scc_limit_privileged_containers | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R6, CIP-004-6 R3, CIP-007-3 R6.1 | | nist | CM-6, CM-6(1) | | pcidss | Req-2.2 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000342-CTR-000775, SRG-APP-000142-CTR-000330, CNTR-OS-000660 | | cis | 5.2.1 | | bsi | APP.4.4.A4, APP.4.4.A9, SYS.1.6.A16, SYS.1.6.A18, SYS.1.6.A21 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2 | | stigref | SV-257557r921614_rule |
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Rule
Limit Access to the Host Process ID Namespace
[ref] | Containers should not be allowed access to the host's process
ID namespace. To prevent containers from getting access to a host's
process ID namespace, the appropriate Security Context Constraints (SCCs)
should set allowHostPID to false. | | Rationale: | A container running in the host's PID namespace can inspect
processes running outside the container which can be used to
escalate privileges outside of the container. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_scc_limit_process_id_namespace | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R6, CIP-004-6 R3, CIP-007-3 R6.1 | | nist | CM-6, CM-6(1) | | pcidss | Req-2.2 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000516-CTR-001325, CNTR-OS-000660 | | cis | 5.2.2 | | bsi | APP.4.4.A4, APP.4.4.A9, SYS.1.6.A16, SYS.1.6.A18, SYS.1.6.A21 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2 | | stigref | SV-257557r921614_rule |
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Rule
Limit Container Running As Root User
[ref] | Containers should run as a random non-privileged user.
To prevent containers from running as root user,
the appropriate Security Context Constraints (SCCs) should set
.runAsUser.type to MustRunAsRange. | | Rationale: | It is strongly recommended that containers running on OpenShift
should support running as any arbitrary UID. OpenShift will then assign
a random, non-privileged UID to the running container instance. This
avoids the risk from containers running with specific uids that could
map to host service accounts, or an even greater risk of running as root
level service. OpenShift uses the default security context constraints
(SCC), restricted, to prevent containers from running as root or other
privileged user ids. Pods may be configured to use an scc policy
that allows the container to run as a specific uid, including root(0)
when approved. Only a cluster administrator may grant the change of
an scc policy. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_scc_limit_root_containers | | References: | | nerc-cip | CIP-003-8 R6, CIP-004-6 R3, CIP-007-3 R6.1 | | nist | CM-6, CM-6(1) | | pcidss | Req-2.2 | | app-srg-ctr | SRG-APP-000342-CTR-000775, CNTR-OS-000660 | | cis | 5.2.6 | | bsi | APP.4.4.A4, APP.4.4.A9, SYS.1.6.A16, SYS.1.6.A18, SYS.1.6.A21 | | pcidss4 | 2.2.1, 2.2 | | stigref | SV-257557r921614_rule |
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| Group
OpenShift - Kubernetes - Scheduler Settings
Group contains 2 rules |
[ref]
Contains evaluations for kube-scheduler configuration settings. |
Rule
Verify that the scheduler API service is protected by RBAC
[ref] | Do not bind the scheduler service to non-loopback insecure addresses. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterroles/cluster-debugger API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterroles/cluster-debugger file. | | Rationale: | The Scheduler API service which runs on port 10251/TCP by default is used for health and metrics information and is available without authentication or encryption. As such it should only be bound to a localhost interface, to minimize the cluster's attack surface | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_scheduler_profiling_protected_by_rbac | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Verify that the scheduler API service is protected by RBAC
[ref] | Do not bind the scheduler service to non-loopback insecure addresses. Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterroles/cluster-debugger API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterroles/cluster-debugger file. | | Rationale: | The Scheduler API service which runs on port 10251/TCP by default is used for health and metrics information and is available without authentication or encryption. As such it should only be bound to a localhost interface, to minimize the cluster's attack surface | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_scheduler_service_protected_by_rbac | | References: | | |
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| Group
Kubernetes Secrets Management
Group contains 2 rules |
[ref]
Secrets let you store and manage sensitive information,
such as passwords, OAuth tokens, and ssh keys.
Such information might otherwise be put in a Pod
specification or in an image. |
Rule
Consider external secret storage
[ref] | Consider the use of an external secrets storage and management system,
instead of using Kubernetes Secrets directly, if you have more complex
secret management needs. Ensure the solution requires authentication to
access secrets, has auditing of access to and use of secrets, and encrypts
secrets. Some solutions also make it easier to rotate secrets. | | Rationale: | Kubernetes supports secrets as first-class objects, but care needs to be
taken to ensure that access to secrets is carefully limited. Using an
external secrets provider can ease the management of access to secrets,
especially where secrets are used across both Kubernetes and non-Kubernetes
environments. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_secrets_consider_external_storage | | References: | | |
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Rule
Do Not Use Environment Variables with Secrets
[ref] | Secrets should be mounted as data volumes instead of environment
variables. | | Rationale: | Environment variables are subject and very susceptible to
malicious hijacking methods by an adversary, as such,
environment variables should never be used for secrets. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_secrets_no_environment_variables | | References: | | |
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| Group
Kubernetes - Worker Node Settings
Group contains 3 rules |
[ref]
Contains evaluations for the worker node configuration settings. |
Rule
Verify Group Who Owns The Worker Proxy Kubeconfig File
[ref] | To ensure the Kubernetes ConfigMap is mounted into the sdn daemonset pods with the
correct ownership, make sure that the sdn-config ConfigMap is mounted using
a ConfigMap at the /config mount point and that the sdn container
points to that configuration using the --proxy-config command line option.
Run:
oc get -nopenshift-sdn ds sdn -ojson | jq -r '.spec.template.spec.containers[] | select(.name == "sdn")'
and ensure the --proxy-config parameter points to
/config/kube-proxy-config.yaml and that the config mount point is
mounted from the sdn-config ConfigMap. | | Rationale: | The kubeconfig file for kube-proxy provides permissions to the kube-proxy service.
The proxy kubeconfig file contains information about the administrative configuration of the
OpenShift cluster that is configured on the system. Protection of this file is
critical for OpenShift security.
The file is provided via a ConfigMap mount, so the kubelet itself makes sure that the
file permissions are appropriate for the container taking it into use. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_proxy_kubeconfig | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Verify User Who Owns The Worker Proxy Kubeconfig File
[ref] | To ensure the Kubernetes ConfigMap is mounted into the sdn daemonset pods with the
correct ownership, make sure that the sdn-config ConfigMap is mounted using
a ConfigMap at the /config mount point and that the sdn container
points to that configuration using the --proxy-config command line option.
Run:
oc get -nopenshift-sdn ds sdn -ojson | jq -r '.spec.template.spec.containers[] | select(.name == "sdn")'
and ensure the --proxy-config parameter points to
/config/kube-proxy-config.yaml and that the config mount point is
mounted from the sdn-config ConfigMap. | | Rationale: | The kubeconfig file for kube-proxy provides permissions to the kube-proxy service.
The proxy kubeconfig file contains information about the administrative configuration of the
OpenShift cluster that is configured on the system. Protection of this file is
critical for OpenShift security.
The file is provided via a ConfigMap mount, so the kubelet itself makes sure that the
file permissions are appropriate for the container taking it into use. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_proxy_kubeconfig | | References: | | |
|
Rule
Verify Permissions on the Worker Proxy Kubeconfig File
[ref] | To ensure the Kubernetes ConfigMap is mounted into the sdn daemonset pods with the
correct permissions, make sure that the sdn-config ConfigMap is mounted using
restrictive permissions. Check that the config VolumeMount mounts the
sdn-config configMap with permissions set to 420:
{
"configMap": {
"defaultMode": 420,
"name": "sdn-config"
},
"name": "config"
}
Warning:
This rule's check operates on the cluster configuration dump.
Therefore, you need to use a tool that can query the OCP API, retrieve the /apis/apps/v1/namespaces/openshift-sdn/daemonsets/sdn API endpoint to the local /kubernetes-api-resources/apis/apps/v1/namespaces/openshift-sdn/daemonsets/sdn file. | | Rationale: | The kube-proxy kubeconfig file controls various parameters of the kube-proxy
service in the worker node. If used, you should restrict its file permissions
to maintain the integrity of the file. The file should be writable by only
the administrators on the system.
The kube-proxy runs with the kubeconfig parameters configured as
a Kubernetes ConfigMap instead of a file. In this case, there is no proxy
kubeconfig file. But appropriate permissions still need to be set in the
ConfigMap mount. | | Severity: | medium | | Rule ID: | xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_proxy_kubeconfig | | Identifiers: | CCE-84047-0 | | References: | | |
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