Guide to the Secure Configuration of OpenEmbedded

with profile Sample expanded Security Profile for OpenEmbedded Distros
This profile is a sample for use in documentation and example content. The selected rules include standard profile plus more network rules and password aging; they should still pass quickly on most systems.
This guide presents a catalog of security-relevant configuration settings for OpenEmbedded. It is a rendering of content structured in the eXtensible Configuration Checklist Description Format (XCCDF) in order to support security automation. The SCAP content is is available in the scap-security-guide package which is developed at https://www.open-scap.org/security-policies/scap-security-guide.

Providing system administrators with such guidance informs them how to securely configure systems under their control in a variety of network roles. Policy makers and baseline creators can use this catalog of settings, with its associated references to higher-level security control catalogs, in order to assist them in security baseline creation. This guide is a catalog, not a checklist, and satisfaction of every item is not likely to be possible or sensible in many operational scenarios. However, the XCCDF format enables granular selection and adjustment of settings, and their association with OVAL and OCIL content provides an automated checking capability. Transformations of this document, and its associated automated checking content, are capable of providing baselines that meet a diverse set of policy objectives. Some example XCCDF Profiles, which are selections of items that form checklists and can be used as baselines, are available with this guide. They can be processed, in an automated fashion, with tools that support the Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP). The DISA STIG, which provides required settings for US Department of Defense systems, is one example of a baseline created from this guidance.
Do not attempt to implement any of the settings in this guide without first testing them in a non-operational environment. The creators of this guidance assume no responsibility whatsoever for its use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied, about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic.

Profile Information

Profile TitleSample expanded Security Profile for OpenEmbedded Distros
Profile IDxccdf_org.ssgproject.content_profile_expanded

CPE Platforms

  • cpe:/o:openembedded:harden:
  • cpe:/o:openembedded:nodistro:
  • cpe:/o:openembedded:petalinux:
  • cpe:/o:openembedded:poky:

Revision History

Current version: 0.1.76

  • draft (as of 2024-11-29)

Table of Contents

  1. System Settings
    1. Installing and Maintaining Software
    2. Account and Access Control
    3. GRUB2 bootloader configuration
    4. Configure Syslog
    5. Network Configuration and Firewalls
    6. File Permissions and Masks
  2. Services
    1. Avahi Server
    2. Cron and At Daemons
    3. DHCP
    4. DNS Server
    5. FTP Server
    6. Web Server
    7. IMAP and POP3 Server
    8. LDAP
    9. NFS and RPC
    10. Obsolete Services
    11. Print Support
    12. Proxy Server
    13. Samba(SMB) Microsoft Windows File Sharing Server
    14. SNMP Server
    15. SSH Server
  3. System Accounting with auditd

    Checklist

    Group   Guide to the Secure Configuration of OpenEmbedded   Group contains 79 groups and 167 rules
    Group   System Settings   Group contains 43 groups and 102 rules
    [ref]   Contains rules that check correct system settings.
    Group   Installing and Maintaining Software   Group contains 5 groups and 4 rules
    [ref]   The following sections contain information on security-relevant choices during the initial operating system installation process and the setup of software updates.
    Group   System and Software Integrity   Group contains 3 groups and 3 rules
    [ref]   System and software integrity can be gained by installing antivirus, increasing system encryption strength with FIPS, verifying installed software, enabling SELinux, installing an Intrusion Prevention System, etc. However, installing or enabling integrity checking tools cannot prevent intrusions, but they can detect that an intrusion may have occurred. Requirements for integrity checking may be highly dependent on the environment in which the system will be used. Snapshot-based approaches such as AIDE may induce considerable overhead in the presence of frequent software updates.
    Group   Software Integrity Checking   Group contains 1 group and 2 rules
    [ref]   Both the AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) software and the RPM package management system provide mechanisms for verifying the integrity of installed software. AIDE uses snapshots of file metadata (such as hashes) and compares these to current system files in order to detect changes.

    The RPM package management system can conduct integrity checks by comparing information in its metadata database with files installed on the system.
    Group   Verify Integrity with AIDE   Group contains 2 rules
    [ref]   AIDE conducts integrity checks by comparing information about files with previously-gathered information. Ideally, the AIDE database is created immediately after initial system configuration, and then again after any software update. AIDE is highly configurable, with further configuration information located in /usr/share/doc/aide-VERSION .

    Rule   Install AIDE   [ref]

    The aide package can be installed with the following command:
    $ sudo dnf install aide
    Rationale:
    The AIDE package must be installed if it is to be available for integrity checking.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_aide_installed
    References:
    cis-csc1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9
    cjis5.10.1.3
    cobit5APO01.06, BAI01.06, BAI02.01, BAI03.05, BAI06.01, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS03.05, DSS04.07, DSS05.02, DSS05.03, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.02, DSS06.06
    disaCCI-002696, CCI-001744
    isa-62443-20094.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3, 4.3.4.4.4
    isa-62443-2013SR 3.1, SR 3.3, SR 3.4, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 6.2, SR 7.6
    ism1034, 1288, 1341, 1417
    iso27001-2013A.11.2.4, A.12.1.2, A.12.2.1, A.12.4.1, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.14.2.7, A.15.2.1, A.8.2.3
    nistCM-6(a)
    nist-csfDE.CM-1, DE.CM-7, PR.DS-1, PR.DS-6, PR.DS-8, PR.IP-1, PR.IP-3
    pcidssReq-11.5
    os-srgSRG-OS-000445-GPOS-00199
    anssiR76, R79
    pcidss411.5.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:enable
    include install_aide
    
    class install_aide {
      package { 'aide':
        ensure => 'installed',
      }
    }
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:enable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.3
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-11.5
      - PCI-DSSv4-11.5.2
      - enable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - package_aide_installed
    
    - name: Ensure aide is installed
      package:
        name: aide
        state: present
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.3
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-11.5
      - PCI-DSSv4-11.5.2
      - enable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - package_aide_installed
    

    
    [[packages]]
    name = "aide"
    version = "*"
    

    Rule   Configure Periodic Execution of AIDE   [ref]

    At a minimum, AIDE should be configured to run a weekly scan. To implement a daily execution of AIDE at 4:05am using cron, add the following line to /etc/crontab:
    05 4 * * * root /usr/sbin/aide --check
    To implement a weekly execution of AIDE at 4:05am using cron, add the following line to /etc/crontab:
    05 4 * * 0 root /usr/sbin/aide --check
    AIDE can be executed periodically through other means; this is merely one example. The usage of cron's special time codes, such as @daily and @weekly is acceptable.
    Rationale:
    By default, AIDE does not install itself for periodic execution. Periodically running AIDE is necessary to reveal unexpected changes in installed files.

    Unauthorized changes to the baseline configuration could make the system vulnerable to various attacks or allow unauthorized access to the operating system. Changes to operating system configurations can have unintended side effects, some of which may be relevant to security.

    Detecting such changes and providing an automated response can help avoid unintended, negative consequences that could ultimately affect the security state of the operating system. The operating system's Information Management Officer (IMO)/Information System Security Officer (ISSO) and System Administrators (SAs) must be notified via email and/or monitoring system trap when there is an unauthorized modification of a configuration item.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_aide_periodic_cron_checking
    References:
    cis-csc1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9
    cjis5.10.1.3
    cobit5APO01.06, BAI01.06, BAI02.01, BAI03.05, BAI06.01, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS03.05, DSS04.07, DSS05.02, DSS05.03, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.02, DSS06.06
    disaCCI-002702, CCI-001744, CCI-002699
    isa-62443-20094.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3, 4.3.4.4.4
    isa-62443-2013SR 3.1, SR 3.3, SR 3.4, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 6.2, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.11.2.4, A.12.1.2, A.12.2.1, A.12.4.1, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.14.2.7, A.15.2.1, A.8.2.3
    nistSI-7, SI-7(1), CM-6(a)
    nist-csfDE.CM-1, DE.CM-7, PR.DS-1, PR.DS-6, PR.DS-8, PR.IP-1, PR.IP-3
    pcidssReq-11.5
    os-srgSRG-OS-000363-GPOS-00150, SRG-OS-000446-GPOS-00200, SRG-OS-000447-GPOS-00201
    anssiR76
    pcidss411.5.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.3
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-SI-7
      - NIST-800-53-SI-7(1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-11.5
      - PCI-DSSv4-11.5.2
      - aide_periodic_cron_checking
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Ensure AIDE is installed
      package:
        name: '{{ item }}'
        state: present
      with_items:
      - aide
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.3
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-SI-7
      - NIST-800-53-SI-7(1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-11.5
      - PCI-DSSv4-11.5.2
      - aide_periodic_cron_checking
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Set cron package name - RedHat
      set_fact:
        cron_pkg_name: cronie
      when:
      - '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      - ansible_os_family == "RedHat" or ansible_os_family == "Suse"
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.3
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-SI-7
      - NIST-800-53-SI-7(1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-11.5
      - PCI-DSSv4-11.5.2
      - aide_periodic_cron_checking
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Set cron package name - Debian
      set_fact:
        cron_pkg_name: cron
      when:
      - '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      - ansible_os_family == "Debian"
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.3
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-SI-7
      - NIST-800-53-SI-7(1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-11.5
      - PCI-DSSv4-11.5.2
      - aide_periodic_cron_checking
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Install cron
      package:
        name: '{{ cron_pkg_name }}'
        state: present
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.3
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-SI-7
      - NIST-800-53-SI-7(1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-11.5
      - PCI-DSSv4-11.5.2
      - aide_periodic_cron_checking
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Configure Periodic Execution of AIDE
      cron:
        name: run AIDE check
        minute: 5
        hour: 4
        weekday: 0
        user: root
        job: /usr/sbin/aide --check
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.3
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-SI-7
      - NIST-800-53-SI-7(1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-11.5
      - PCI-DSSv4-11.5.2
      - aide_periodic_cron_checking
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    
    Group   System Cryptographic Policies   Group contains 1 rule
    [ref]   Linux has the capability to centrally configure cryptographic polices. The command update-crypto-policies is used to set the policy applicable for the various cryptographic back-ends, such as SSL/TLS libraries. The configured cryptographic policies will be the default policy used by these backends unless the application user configures them otherwise. When the system has been configured to use the centralized cryptographic policies, the administrator is assured that any application that utilizes the supported backends will follow a policy that adheres to the configured profile. Currently the supported backends are:
    • GnuTLS library
    • OpenSSL library
    • NSS library
    • OpenJDK
    • Libkrb5
    • BIND
    • OpenSSH
    Applications and languages which rely on any of these backends will follow the system policies as well. Examples are apache httpd, nginx, php, and others.

    Rule   Configure System Cryptography Policy   [ref]

    To configure the system cryptography policy to use ciphers only from the DEFAULT policy, run the following command:
    $ sudo update-crypto-policies --set DEFAULT
             
    The rule checks if settings for selected crypto policy are configured as expected. Configuration files in the /etc/crypto-policies/back-ends are either symlinks to correct files provided by Crypto-policies package or they are regular files in case crypto policy customizations are applied. Crypto policies may be customized by crypto policy modules, in which case it is delimited from the base policy using a colon.
    Warning:  The system needs to be rebooted for these changes to take effect.
    Warning:  System Crypto Modules must be provided by a vendor that undergoes FIPS-140 certifications. FIPS-140 is applicable to all Federal agencies that use cryptographic-based security systems to protect sensitive information in computer and telecommunication systems (including voice systems) as defined in Section 5131 of the Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1996, Public Law 104-106. This standard shall be used in designing and implementing cryptographic modules that Federal departments and agencies operate or are operated for them under contract. See https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.140-2.pdf To meet this, the system has to have cryptographic software provided by a vendor that has undergone this certification. This means providing documentation, test results, design information, and independent third party review by an accredited lab. While open source software is capable of meeting this, it does not meet FIPS-140 unless the vendor submits to this process.
    Rationale:
    Centralized cryptographic policies simplify applying secure ciphers across an operating system and the applications that run on that operating system. Use of weak or untested encryption algorithms undermines the purposes of utilizing encryption to protect data.
    Severity: 
    high
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_configure_crypto_policy
    References:
    disaCCI-000068, CCI-003123, CCI-002450, CCI-000877, CCI-002418, CCI-001453, CCI-002890
    hipaa164.308(a)(4)(i), 164.308(b)(1), 164.308(b)(3), 164.312(e)(1), 164.312(e)(2)(ii)
    ism1446
    nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R7.1
    nistAC-17(a), AC-17(2), CM-6(a), MA-4(6), SC-13, SC-12(2), SC-12(3)
    osppFCS_COP.1(1), FCS_COP.1(2), FCS_COP.1(3), FCS_COP.1(4), FCS_CKM.1, FCS_CKM.2, FCS_TLSC_EXT.1
    os-srgSRG-OS-000396-GPOS-00176, SRG-OS-000393-GPOS-00173, SRG-OS-000394-GPOS-00174
    pcidss42.2.7, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    - name: XCCDF Value var_system_crypto_policy # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        var_system_crypto_policy: !!str DEFAULT
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Configure System Cryptography Policy
      lineinfile:
        path: /etc/crypto-policies/config
        regexp: ^(?!#)(\S+)$
        line: '{{ var_system_crypto_policy }}'
        create: true
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-17(2)
      - NIST-800-53-AC-17(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-MA-4(6)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-12(2)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-12(3)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-13
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.7
      - configure_crypto_policy
      - high_severity
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Verify that Crypto Policy is Set (runtime)
      command: /usr/bin/update-crypto-policies --set {{ var_system_crypto_policy }}
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-17(2)
      - NIST-800-53-AC-17(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-MA-4(6)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-12(2)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-12(3)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-13
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.7
      - configure_crypto_policy
      - high_severity
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    

    
    var_system_crypto_policy='DEFAULT'
    
    
    stderr_of_call=$(update-crypto-policies --set ${var_system_crypto_policy} 2>&1 > /dev/null)
    rc=$?
    
    if test "$rc" = 127; then
    	echo "$stderr_of_call" >&2
    	echo "Make sure that the script is installed on the remediated system." >&2
    	echo "See output of the 'dnf provides update-crypto-policies' command" >&2
    	echo "to see what package to (re)install" >&2
    
    	false  # end with an error code
    elif test "$rc" != 0; then
    	echo "Error invoking the update-crypto-policies script: $stderr_of_call" >&2
    	false  # end with an error code
    fi
    
    Group   Updating Software   Group contains 1 rule
    [ref]   The dnf command line tool is used to install and update software packages. The system also provides a graphical software update tool in the System menu, in the Administration submenu, called Software Update.

    OpenEmbedded systems contain an installed software catalog called the RPM database, which records metadata of installed packages. Consistently using dnf or the graphical Software Update for all software installation allows for insight into the current inventory of installed software on the system.

    Rule   Ensure gpgcheck Enabled In Main dnf Configuration   [ref]

    The gpgcheck option controls whether RPM packages' signatures are always checked prior to installation. To configure dnf to check package signatures before installing them, ensure the following line appears in /etc/dnf/dnf.conf in the [main] section:
    gpgcheck=1
    Rationale:
    Changes to any software components can have significant effects on the overall security of the operating system. This requirement ensures the software has not been tampered with and that it has been provided by a trusted vendor.
    Accordingly, patches, service packs, device drivers, or operating system components must be signed with a certificate recognized and approved by the organization.
    Verifying the authenticity of the software prior to installation validates the integrity of the patch or upgrade received from a vendor. This ensures the software has not been tampered with and that it has been provided by a trusted vendor. Self-signed certificates are disallowed by this requirement. Certificates used to verify the software must be from an approved Certificate Authority (CA).
    Severity: 
    high
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_ensure_gpgcheck_globally_activated
    References:
    cis-csc11, 2, 3, 9
    cjis5.10.4.1
    cobit5APO01.06, BAI03.05, BAI06.01, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS06.02
    cui3.4.8
    disaCCI-003992
    hipaa164.308(a)(1)(ii)(D), 164.312(b), 164.312(c)(1), 164.312(c)(2), 164.312(e)(2)(i)
    isa-62443-20094.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3, 4.3.4.4.4
    isa-62443-2013SR 3.1, SR 3.3, SR 3.4, SR 3.8, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.11.2.4, A.12.1.2, A.12.2.1, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4
    nistCM-5(3), SI-7, SC-12, SC-12(3), CM-6(a), SA-12, SA-12(10), CM-11(a), CM-11(b)
    nist-csfPR.DS-6, PR.DS-8, PR.IP-1
    osppFPT_TUD_EXT.1, FPT_TUD_EXT.2
    pcidssReq-6.2
    os-srgSRG-OS-000366-GPOS-00153
    anssiR59
    pcidss46.3.3, 6.3

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.4.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.4.8
      - NIST-800-53-CM-11(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-11(b)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-5(3)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-SA-12
      - NIST-800-53-SA-12(10)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-12
      - NIST-800-53-SC-12(3)
      - NIST-800-53-SI-7
      - PCI-DSS-Req-6.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-6.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-6.3.3
      - configure_strategy
      - ensure_gpgcheck_globally_activated
      - high_severity
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure GPG check is globally activated
      ini_file:
        dest: /etc/dnf/dnf.conf
        section: main
        option: gpgcheck
        value: 1
        no_extra_spaces: true
        create: false
      when: '"dnf" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.4.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.4.8
      - NIST-800-53-CM-11(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-11(b)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-5(3)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-SA-12
      - NIST-800-53-SA-12(10)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-12
      - NIST-800-53-SC-12(3)
      - NIST-800-53-SI-7
      - PCI-DSS-Req-6.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-6.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-6.3.3
      - configure_strategy
      - ensure_gpgcheck_globally_activated
      - high_severity
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    Group   Account and Access Control   Group contains 15 groups and 37 rules
    [ref]   In traditional Unix security, if an attacker gains shell access to a certain login account, they can perform any action or access any file to which that account has access. Therefore, making it more difficult for unauthorized people to gain shell access to accounts, particularly to privileged accounts, is a necessary part of securing a system. This section introduces mechanisms for restricting access to accounts under OpenEmbedded.
    Group   Warning Banners for System Accesses   Group contains 8 rules
    [ref]   Each system should expose as little information about itself as possible.

    System banners, which are typically displayed just before a login prompt, give out information about the service or the host's operating system. This might include the distribution name and the system kernel version, and the particular version of a network service. This information can assist intruders in gaining access to the system as it can reveal whether the system is running vulnerable software. Most network services can be configured to limit what information is displayed.

    Many organizations implement security policies that require a system banner provide notice of the system's ownership, provide warning to unauthorized users, and remind authorized users of their consent to monitoring.

    Rule   Modify the System Login Banner   [ref]

    To configure the system login banner edit /etc/issue. Replace the default text with a message compliant with the local site policy or a legal disclaimer. The DoD required text is either:

    You are accessing a U.S. Government (USG) Information System (IS) that is provided for USG-authorized use only. By using this IS (which includes any device attached to this IS), you consent to the following conditions:
    -The USG routinely intercepts and monitors communications on this IS for purposes including, but not limited to, penetration testing, COMSEC monitoring, network operations and defense, personnel misconduct (PM), law enforcement (LE), and counterintelligence (CI) investigations.
    -At any time, the USG may inspect and seize data stored on this IS.
    -Communications using, or data stored on, this IS are not private, are subject to routine monitoring, interception, and search, and may be disclosed or used for any USG-authorized purpose.
    -This IS includes security measures (e.g., authentication and access controls) to protect USG interests -- not for your personal benefit or privacy.
    -Notwithstanding the above, using this IS does not constitute consent to PM, LE or CI investigative searching or monitoring of the content of privileged communications, or work product, related to personal representation or services by attorneys, psychotherapists, or clergy, and their assistants. Such communications and work product are private and confidential. See User Agreement for details.


    OR:

    I've read & consent to terms in IS user agreem't.
    Rationale:
    Display of a standardized and approved use notification before granting access to the operating system ensures privacy and security notification verbiage used is consistent with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance.

    System use notifications are required only for access via login interfaces with human users and are not required when such human interfaces do not exist.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_banner_etc_issue
    References:
    cis-csc1, 12, 15, 16
    cobit5DSS05.04, DSS05.10, DSS06.10
    cui3.1.9
    disaCCI-001387, CCI-001384, CCI-000048, CCI-001386, CCI-001388, CCI-001385
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.2, SR 1.5, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9
    iso27001-2013A.18.1.4, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.4, A.9.3.1, A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3
    nistAC-8(a), AC-8(c)
    nist-csfPR.AC-7
    os-srgSRG-OS-000023-GPOS-00006, SRG-OS-000228-GPOS-00088

    Rule   Modify the System Message of the Day Banner   [ref]

    To configure the system message banner edit /etc/motd. Replace the default text with a message compliant with the local site policy or a legal disclaimer. The DoD required text is either:

    You are accessing a U.S. Government (USG) Information System (IS) that is provided for USG-authorized use only. By using this IS (which includes any device attached to this IS), you consent to the following conditions:
    -The USG routinely intercepts and monitors communications on this IS for purposes including, but not limited to, penetration testing, COMSEC monitoring, network operations and defense, personnel misconduct (PM), law enforcement (LE), and counterintelligence (CI) investigations.
    -At any time, the USG may inspect and seize data stored on this IS.
    -Communications using, or data stored on, this IS are not private, are subject to routine monitoring, interception, and search, and may be disclosed or used for any USG-authorized purpose.
    -This IS includes security measures (e.g., authentication and access controls) to protect USG interests -- not for your personal benefit or privacy.
    -Notwithstanding the above, using this IS does not constitute consent to PM, LE or CI investigative searching or monitoring of the content of privileged communications, or work product, related to personal representation or services by attorneys, psychotherapists, or clergy, and their assistants. Such communications and work product are private and confidential. See User Agreement for details.


    OR:

    I've read & consent to terms in IS user agreem't.
    Rationale:
    Display of a standardized and approved use notification before granting access to the operating system ensures privacy and security notification verbiage used is consistent with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance.

    System use notifications are required only for access via login interfaces with human users and are not required when such human interfaces do not exist.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_banner_etc_motd

    Rule   Verify Group Ownership of System Login Banner   [ref]

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/issue, run the command:
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/issue
    Rationale:
    Display of a standardized and approved use notification before granting access to the operating system ensures privacy and security notification verbiage used is consistent with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance.
    Proper group ownership will ensure that only root user can modify the banner.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_etc_issue

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/issue
      stat:
        path: /etc/issue
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_etc_issue
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure group owner 0 on /etc/issue
      file:
        path: /etc/issue
        group: '0'
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_etc_issue
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    chgrp 0 /etc/issue
    

    Rule   Verify Group Ownership of Message of the Day Banner   [ref]

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/motd, run the command:
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/motd
    Rationale:
    Display of a standardized and approved use notification before granting access to the operating system ensures privacy and security notification verbiage used is consistent with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance.
    Proper group ownership will ensure that only root user can modify the banner.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_etc_motd

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/motd
      stat:
        path: /etc/motd
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_etc_motd
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure group owner 0 on /etc/motd
      file:
        path: /etc/motd
        group: '0'
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_etc_motd
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    chgrp 0 /etc/motd
    

    Rule   Verify ownership of System Login Banner   [ref]

    To properly set the owner of /etc/issue, run the command:
    $ sudo chown root /etc/issue 
    Rationale:
    Display of a standardized and approved use notification before granting access to the operating system ensures privacy and security notification verbiage used is consistent with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance.
    Proper ownership will ensure that only root user can modify the banner.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_etc_issue

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/issue
      stat:
        path: /etc/issue
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_etc_issue
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure owner 0 on /etc/issue
      file:
        path: /etc/issue
        owner: '0'
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_etc_issue
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    chown 0 /etc/issue
    

    Rule   Verify ownership of Message of the Day Banner   [ref]

    To properly set the owner of /etc/motd, run the command:
    $ sudo chown root /etc/motd 
    Rationale:
    Display of a standardized and approved use notification before granting access to the operating system ensures privacy and security notification verbiage used is consistent with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance.
    Proper ownership will ensure that only root user can modify the banner.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_etc_motd

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/motd
      stat:
        path: /etc/motd
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_etc_motd
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure owner 0 on /etc/motd
      file:
        path: /etc/motd
        owner: '0'
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_etc_motd
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    chown 0 /etc/motd
    

    Rule   Verify permissions on System Login Banner   [ref]

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/issue, run the command:
    $ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/issue
    Rationale:
    Display of a standardized and approved use notification before granting access to the operating system ensures privacy and security notification verbiage used is consistent with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance.
    Proper permissions will ensure that only root user can modify the banner.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_etc_issue

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/issue
      stat:
        path: /etc/issue
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_etc_issue
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure permission u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt on /etc/issue
      file:
        path: /etc/issue
        mode: u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_etc_issue
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    
    
    
    
    chmod u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt /etc/issue
    

    Rule   Verify permissions on Message of the Day Banner   [ref]

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/motd, run the command:
    $ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/motd
    Rationale:
    Display of a standardized and approved use notification before granting access to the operating system ensures privacy and security notification verbiage used is consistent with applicable federal laws, Executive Orders, directives, policies, regulations, standards, and guidance.
    Proper permissions will ensure that only root user can modify the banner.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_etc_motd

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/motd
      stat:
        path: /etc/motd
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_etc_motd
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure permission u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt on /etc/motd
      file:
        path: /etc/motd
        mode: u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_etc_motd
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    
    
    
    
    chmod u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt /etc/motd
    
    Group   Protect Accounts by Configuring PAM   Group contains 4 groups and 6 rules
    [ref]   PAM, or Pluggable Authentication Modules, is a system which implements modular authentication for Linux programs. PAM provides a flexible and configurable architecture for authentication, and it should be configured to minimize exposure to unnecessary risk. This section contains guidance on how to accomplish that.

    PAM is implemented as a set of shared objects which are loaded and invoked whenever an application wishes to authenticate a user. Typically, the application must be running as root in order to take advantage of PAM, because PAM's modules often need to be able to access sensitive stores of account information, such as /etc/shadow. Traditional privileged network listeners (e.g. sshd) or SUID programs (e.g. sudo) already meet this requirement. An SUID root application, userhelper, is provided so that programs which are not SUID or privileged themselves can still take advantage of PAM.

    PAM looks in the directory /etc/pam.d for application-specific configuration information. For instance, if the program login attempts to authenticate a user, then PAM's libraries follow the instructions in the file /etc/pam.d/login to determine what actions should be taken.

    One very important file in /etc/pam.d is /etc/pam.d/system-auth. This file, which is included by many other PAM configuration files, defines 'default' system authentication measures. Modifying this file is a good way to make far-reaching authentication changes, for instance when implementing a centralized authentication service.
    Warning:  Be careful when making changes to PAM's configuration files. The syntax for these files is complex, and modifications can have unexpected consequences. The default configurations shipped with applications should be sufficient for most users.
    Warning:  Running authconfig or system-config-authentication will re-write the PAM configuration files, destroying any manually made changes and replacing them with a series of system defaults. One reference to the configuration file syntax can be found at https://fossies.org/linux/Linux-PAM-docs/doc/sag/Linux-PAM_SAG.pdf.
    Group   Set Lockouts for Failed Password Attempts   Group contains 2 rules
    [ref]   The pam_faillock PAM module provides the capability to lock out user accounts after a number of failed login attempts. Its documentation is available in /usr/share/doc/pam-VERSION/txts/README.pam_faillock.

    Warning:  Locking out user accounts presents the risk of a denial-of-service attack. The lockout policy must weigh whether the risk of such a denial-of-service attack outweighs the benefits of thwarting password guessing attacks.

    Rule   Limit Password Reuse: password-auth   [ref]

    Do not allow users to reuse recent passwords. This can be accomplished by using the remember option for the pam_pwhistory PAM module.

    On systems with newer versions of authselect, the pam_pwhistory PAM module can be enabled via authselect feature:
    authselect enable-feature with-pwhistory
    Otherwise, it should be enabled using an authselect custom profile.

    Newer systems also have the /etc/security/pwhistory.conf file for setting pam_pwhistory module options. This file should be used whenever available. Otherwise, the pam_pwhistory module options can be set in PAM files.

    The value for remember option must be equal or greater than 5
    Warning:  If the system relies on authselect tool to manage PAM settings, the remediation will also use authselect tool. However, if any manual modification was made in PAM files, the authselect integrity check will fail and the remediation will be aborted in order to preserve intentional changes. In this case, an informative message will be shown in the remediation report.
    Warning:  Newer versions of authselect contain an authselect feature to easily and properly enable pam_pwhistory.so module. If this feature is not yet available in your system, an authselect custom profile must be used to avoid integrity issues in PAM files. If a custom profile was created and used in the system before this authselect feature was available, the new feature can't be used with this custom profile and the remediation will fail. In this case, the custom profile should be recreated or manually updated.
    Rationale:
    Preventing re-use of previous passwords helps ensure that a compromised password is not re-used by a user.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_password_pam_pwhistory_remember_password_auth
    References:
    cis-csc1, 12, 15, 16, 5
    cjis5.6.2.1.1
    cobit5DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS05.10, DSS06.03, DSS06.10
    cui3.5.8
    disaCCI-000200
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.2.2, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.4
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1
    iso27001-2013A.18.1.4, A.7.1.1, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.2.4, A.9.2.6, A.9.3.1, A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3
    nistIA-5(f), IA-5(1)(e)
    nist-csfPR.AC-1, PR.AC-6, PR.AC-7
    pcidssReq-8.2.5
    os-srgSRG-OS-000077-GPOS-00045
    pcidss48.3.7, 8.3

    Rule   Limit Password Reuse: system-auth   [ref]

    Do not allow users to reuse recent passwords. This can be accomplished by using the remember option for the pam_pwhistory PAM module.

    On systems with newer versions of authselect, the pam_pwhistory PAM module can be enabled via authselect feature:
    authselect enable-feature with-pwhistory
    Otherwise, it should be enabled using an authselect custom profile.

    Newer systems also have the /etc/security/pwhistory.conf file for setting pam_pwhistory module options. This file should be used whenever available. Otherwise, the pam_pwhistory module options can be set in PAM files.

    The value for remember option must be equal or greater than 5
    Warning:  If the system relies on authselect tool to manage PAM settings, the remediation will also use authselect tool. However, if any manual modification was made in PAM files, the authselect integrity check will fail and the remediation will be aborted in order to preserve intentional changes. In this case, an informative message will be shown in the remediation report.
    Warning:  Newer versions of authselect contain an authselect feature to easily and properly enable pam_pwhistory.so module. If this feature is not yet available in your system, an authselect custom profile must be used to avoid integrity issues in PAM files.
    Rationale:
    Preventing re-use of previous passwords helps ensure that a compromised password is not re-used by a user.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_password_pam_pwhistory_remember_system_auth
    References:
    cis-csc1, 12, 15, 16, 5
    cjis5.6.2.1.1
    cobit5DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS05.10, DSS06.03, DSS06.10
    cui3.5.8
    disaCCI-000200
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.2.2, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.4
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1
    iso27001-2013A.18.1.4, A.7.1.1, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.2.4, A.9.2.6, A.9.3.1, A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3
    nistIA-5(f), IA-5(1)(e)
    nist-csfPR.AC-1, PR.AC-6, PR.AC-7
    pcidssReq-8.2.5
    os-srgSRG-OS-000077-GPOS-00045
    pcidss48.3.7, 8.3
    Group   Set Password Quality Requirements   Group contains 1 group and 3 rules
    [ref]   The default pam_pwquality PAM module provides strength checking for passwords. It performs a number of checks, such as making sure passwords are not similar to dictionary words, are of at least a certain length, are not the previous password reversed, and are not simply a change of case from the previous password. It can also require passwords to be in certain character classes. The pam_pwquality module is the preferred way of configuring password requirements.

    The man pages pam_pwquality(8) provide information on the capabilities and configuration of each.
    Group   Set Password Quality Requirements with pam_pwquality   Group contains 3 rules
    [ref]   The pam_pwquality PAM module can be configured to meet requirements for a variety of policies.

    For example, to configure pam_pwquality to require at least one uppercase character, lowercase character, digit, and other (special) character, make sure that pam_pwquality exists in /etc/pam.d/system-auth:
    password    requisite     pam_pwquality.so try_first_pass local_users_only retry=3 authtok_type=
    If no such line exists, add one as the first line of the password section in /etc/pam.d/system-auth. Next, modify the settings in /etc/security/pwquality.conf to match the following:
    difok = 4
    minlen = 14
    dcredit = -1
    ucredit = -1
    lcredit = -1
    ocredit = -1
    maxrepeat = 3
    The arguments can be modified to ensure compliance with your organization's security policy. Discussion of each parameter follows.

    Rule   Ensure PAM Enforces Password Requirements - Minimum Different Categories   [ref]

    The pam_pwquality module's minclass parameter controls requirements for usage of different character classes, or types, of character that must exist in a password before it is considered valid. For example, setting this value to three (3) requires that any password must have characters from at least three different categories in order to be approved. The default value is zero (0), meaning there are no required classes. There are four categories available:
    * Upper-case characters
    * Lower-case characters
    * Digits
    * Special characters (for example, punctuation)
    
    Modify the minclass setting in /etc/security/pwquality.conf entry to require 4 differing categories of characters when changing passwords.
    Rationale:
    Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.

    Password complexity is one factor of several that determines how long it takes to crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised.

    Requiring a minimum number of character categories makes password guessing attacks more difficult by ensuring a larger search space.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_password_pam_minclass
    References:
    cis-csc1, 12, 15, 16, 5
    cobit5DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS05.10, DSS06.03, DSS06.10
    disaCCI-004066
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.2.2, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.4
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1
    ism0421, 0422, 0431, 0974, 1173, 1401, 1504, 1505, 1546, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561
    iso27001-2013A.18.1.4, A.7.1.1, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.2.4, A.9.2.6, A.9.3.1, A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3
    nistIA-5(c), IA-5(1)(a), CM-6(a), IA-5(4)
    nist-csfPR.AC-1, PR.AC-6, PR.AC-7
    os-srgSRG-OS-000072-GPOS-00040
    anssiR68

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(1)(a)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(4)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(c)
      - accounts_password_pam_minclass
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    - name: XCCDF Value var_password_pam_minclass # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        var_password_pam_minclass: !!str 4
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Ensure PAM Enforces Password Requirements - Minimum Different Categories -
        Ensure PAM variable minclass is set accordingly
      ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
        create: true
        dest: /etc/security/pwquality.conf
        regexp: ^#?\s*minclass
        line: minclass = {{ var_password_pam_minclass }}
      when: '"pam" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(1)(a)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(4)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(c)
      - accounts_password_pam_minclass
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q pam; then
    
    var_password_pam_minclass='4'
    
    
    
    
    
    
    # Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
    # adding any search characters to the config file.
    stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^minclass")
    
    # shellcheck disable=SC2059
    printf -v formatted_output "%s = %s" "$stripped_key" "$var_password_pam_minclass"
    
    # If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
    # We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
    # so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
    if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^minclass\\>" "/etc/security/pwquality.conf"; then
        escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^minclass\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "/etc/security/pwquality.conf"
    else
        if [[ -s "/etc/security/pwquality.conf" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "/etc/security/pwquality.conf" || true)" ]]; then
            LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "/etc/security/pwquality.conf"
        fi
        printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "/etc/security/pwquality.conf"
    fi
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Ensure PAM Enforces Password Requirements - Minimum Length   [ref]

    The pam_pwquality module's minlen parameter controls requirements for minimum characters required in a password. Add minlen=14 after pam_pwquality to set minimum password length requirements.
    Rationale:
    The shorter the password, the lower the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised.
    Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks. Password length is one factor of several that helps to determine strength and how long it takes to crack a password. Use of more characters in a password helps to exponentially increase the time and/or resources required to compromise the password.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_password_pam_minlen
    References:
    cis-csc1, 12, 15, 16, 5
    cjis5.6.2.1.1
    cobit5DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS05.10, DSS06.03, DSS06.10
    disaCCI-004066
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.2.2, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.4
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1
    ism0421, 0422, 0431, 0974, 1173, 1401, 1504, 1505, 1546, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561
    iso27001-2013A.18.1.4, A.7.1.1, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.2.4, A.9.2.6, A.9.3.1, A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3
    nistIA-5(c), IA-5(1)(a), CM-6(a), IA-5(4)
    nist-csfPR.AC-1, PR.AC-6, PR.AC-7
    osppFMT_SMF_EXT.1
    pcidssReq-8.2.3
    os-srgSRG-OS-000078-GPOS-00046
    anssiR31, R68
    pcidss48.3.6, 8.3

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.6.2.1.1
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(1)(a)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(4)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(c)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.2.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.3.6
      - accounts_password_pam_minlen
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    - name: XCCDF Value var_password_pam_minlen # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        var_password_pam_minlen: !!str 14
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Ensure PAM Enforces Password Requirements - Minimum Length - Ensure PAM variable
        minlen is set accordingly
      ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
        create: true
        dest: /etc/security/pwquality.conf
        regexp: ^#?\s*minlen
        line: minlen = {{ var_password_pam_minlen }}
      when: '"pam" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.6.2.1.1
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(1)(a)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(4)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(c)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.2.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.3.6
      - accounts_password_pam_minlen
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q pam; then
    
    var_password_pam_minlen='14'
    
    
    
    
    
    
    # Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
    # adding any search characters to the config file.
    stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^minlen")
    
    # shellcheck disable=SC2059
    printf -v formatted_output "%s = %s" "$stripped_key" "$var_password_pam_minlen"
    
    # If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
    # We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
    # so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
    if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^minlen\\>" "/etc/security/pwquality.conf"; then
        escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^minlen\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "/etc/security/pwquality.conf"
    else
        if [[ -s "/etc/security/pwquality.conf" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "/etc/security/pwquality.conf" || true)" ]]; then
            LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "/etc/security/pwquality.conf"
        fi
        printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "/etc/security/pwquality.conf"
    fi
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Ensure PAM Enforces Password Requirements - Authentication Retry Prompts Permitted Per-Session   [ref]

    To configure the number of retry prompts that are permitted per-session: Edit the pam_pwquality.so statement in /etc/pam.d/system-auth to show retry=3 , or a lower value if site policy is more restrictive. The DoD requirement is a maximum of 3 prompts per session.
    Rationale:
    Setting the password retry prompts that are permitted on a per-session basis to a low value requires some software, such as SSH, to re-connect. This can slow down and draw additional attention to some types of password-guessing attacks. Note that this is different from account lockout, which is provided by the pam_faillock module.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_password_pam_retry
    References:
    cis-csc1, 11, 12, 15, 16, 3, 5, 9
    cjis5.5.3
    cobit5BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS05.10, DSS06.03, DSS06.10
    disaCCI-004066
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.2.2, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.18.1.4, A.7.1.1, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.2.4, A.9.2.6, A.9.3.1, A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3
    nistCM-6(a), AC-7(a), IA-5(4)
    nist-csfPR.AC-1, PR.AC-6, PR.AC-7, PR.IP-1
    os-srgSRG-OS-000069-GPOS-00037, SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR68

    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q pam; then
    
    var_password_pam_retry='3'
    
    
    
    	
    		if [ -e "/etc/pam.d/system-auth" ] ; then
        PAM_FILE_PATH="/etc/pam.d/system-auth"
        if [ -f /usr/bin/authselect ]; then
            
            if ! authselect check; then
            echo "
            authselect integrity check failed. Remediation aborted!
            This remediation could not be applied because an authselect profile was not selected or the selected profile is not intact.
            It is not recommended to manually edit the PAM files when authselect tool is available.
            In cases where the default authselect profile does not cover a specific demand, a custom authselect profile is recommended."
            exit 1
            fi
    
            CURRENT_PROFILE=$(authselect current -r | awk '{ print $1 }')
            # If not already in use, a custom profile is created preserving the enabled features.
            if [[ ! $CURRENT_PROFILE == custom/* ]]; then
                ENABLED_FEATURES=$(authselect current | tail -n+3 | awk '{ print $2 }')
                authselect create-profile hardening -b $CURRENT_PROFILE
                CURRENT_PROFILE="custom/hardening"
                
                authselect apply-changes -b --backup=before-hardening-custom-profile
                authselect select $CURRENT_PROFILE
                for feature in $ENABLED_FEATURES; do
                    authselect enable-feature $feature;
                done
                
                authselect apply-changes -b --backup=after-hardening-custom-profile
            fi
            PAM_FILE_NAME=$(basename "/etc/pam.d/system-auth")
            PAM_FILE_PATH="/etc/authselect/$CURRENT_PROFILE/$PAM_FILE_NAME"
    
            authselect apply-changes -b
        fi
        
    
            if ! grep -qP "^\s*password\s+requisite\s+pam_pwquality.so\s*.*" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"; then
                # Line matching group + control + module was not found. Check group + module.
                if [ "$(grep -cP '^\s*password\s+.*\s+pam_pwquality.so\s*' "$PAM_FILE_PATH")" -eq 1 ]; then
                    # The control is updated only if one single line matches.
                    sed -i -E --follow-symlinks "s/^(\s*password\s+).*(\bpam_pwquality.so.*)/\1requisite \2/" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"
                else
                    LAST_MATCH_LINE=$(grep -nP "^\s*account" "$PAM_FILE_PATH" | tail -n 1 | cut -d: -f 1)
                    if [ ! -z $LAST_MATCH_LINE ]; then
                        sed -i --follow-symlinks $LAST_MATCH_LINE" a password     requisite    pam_pwquality.so" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"
                    else
                        echo "password    requisite    pam_pwquality.so" >> "$PAM_FILE_PATH"
                    fi
                fi
            fi
            # Check the option
            if ! grep -qP "^\s*password\s+requisite\s+pam_pwquality.so\s*.*\sretry\b" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"; then
                sed -i -E --follow-symlinks "/\s*password\s+requisite\s+pam_pwquality.so.*/ s/$/ retry=$var_password_pam_retry/" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"
            else
                sed -i -E --follow-symlinks "s/(\s*password\s+requisite\s+pam_pwquality.so\s+.*)(retry=)[[:alnum:]]+\s*(.*)/\1\2$var_password_pam_retry \3/" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"
            fi
        if [ -f /usr/bin/authselect ]; then
            
            authselect apply-changes -b
        fi
    else
        echo "/etc/pam.d/system-auth was not found" >&2
    fi
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    
    Group   Set Password Hashing Algorithm   Group contains 1 rule
    [ref]   The system's default algorithm for storing password hashes in /etc/shadow is SHA-512. This can be configured in several locations.

    Rule   Set PAM''s Password Hashing Algorithm   [ref]

    The PAM system service can be configured to only store encrypted representations of passwords. In "/etc/pam.d/system-auth", the password section of the file controls which PAM modules to execute during a password change. Set the pam_unix.so module in the password section to include the option sha512 and no other hashing algorithms as shown below:
    password    sufficient    pam_unix.so sha512
              other arguments...
             

    This will help ensure that new passwords for local users will be stored using the sha512 algorithm.
    Warning:  The hashing algorithms to be used with pam_unix.so are defined with independent module options. There are at least 7 possible algorithms and likely more algorithms will be introduced along the time. Due the the number of options and its possible combinations, the use of multiple hashing algorithm options may bring unexpected behaviors to the system. For this reason the check will pass only when one hashing algorithm option is defined and is aligned to the "var_password_hashing_algorithm_pam" variable. The remediation will ensure the correct option and remove any other extra hashing algorithm option.
    Rationale:
    Passwords need to be protected at all times, and encryption is the standard method for protecting passwords. If passwords are not encrypted, they can be plainly read (i.e., clear text) and easily compromised. Passwords that are encrypted with a weak algorithm are no more protected than if they are kept in plain text.

    This setting ensures user and group account administration utilities are configured to store only encrypted representations of passwords. Additionally, the crypt_style configuration option in /etc/libuser.conf ensures the use of a strong hashing algorithm that makes password cracking attacks more difficult.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_set_password_hashing_algorithm_systemauth
    References:
    cis-csc1, 12, 15, 16, 5
    cjis5.6.2.2
    cobit5DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS05.10, DSS06.03, DSS06.10
    cui3.13.11
    disaCCI-000196, CCI-000803, CCI-004062
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.2.2, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.4
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1
    ism0418, 1055, 1402
    iso27001-2013A.18.1.4, A.7.1.1, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.2.4, A.9.2.6, A.9.3.1, A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3
    nistIA-5(c), IA-5(1)(c), CM-6(a)
    nist-csfPR.AC-1, PR.AC-6, PR.AC-7
    pcidssReq-8.2.1
    os-srgSRG-OS-000073-GPOS-00041, SRG-OS-000120-GPOS-00061
    anssiR68
    pcidss48.3.2, 8.3

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.6.2.2
      - NIST-800-171-3.13.11
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(1)(c)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(c)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.2.1
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.3.2
      - configure_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - set_password_hashing_algorithm_systemauth
    - name: XCCDF Value var_password_hashing_algorithm_pam # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        var_password_hashing_algorithm_pam: !!str sha512
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Check if /etc/pam.d/system-auth file
        is present
      ansible.builtin.stat:
        path: /etc/pam.d/system-auth
      register: result_pam_file_present
      when: '"pam" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.6.2.2
      - NIST-800-171-3.13.11
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(1)(c)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(c)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.2.1
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.3.2
      - configure_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - set_password_hashing_algorithm_systemauth
    
    - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Check the proper remediation for the
        system
      block:
    
      - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Define the PAM file to be edited
          as a local fact
        ansible.builtin.set_fact:
          pam_file_path: /etc/pam.d/system-auth
    
      - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Check if system relies on authselect
          tool
        ansible.builtin.stat:
          path: /usr/bin/authselect
        register: result_authselect_present
    
      - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Ensure authselect custom profile
          is used if authselect is present
        block:
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Check integrity of authselect current
            profile
          ansible.builtin.command:
            cmd: authselect check
          register: result_authselect_check_cmd
          changed_when: false
          failed_when: false
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Informative message based on the
            authselect integrity check result
          ansible.builtin.assert:
            that:
            - result_authselect_check_cmd.rc == 0
            fail_msg:
            - authselect integrity check failed. Remediation aborted!
            - This remediation could not be applied because an authselect profile was
              not selected or the selected profile is not intact.
            - It is not recommended to manually edit the PAM files when authselect tool
              is available.
            - In cases where the default authselect profile does not cover a specific
              demand, a custom authselect profile is recommended.
            success_msg:
            - authselect integrity check passed
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Get authselect current profile
          ansible.builtin.shell:
            cmd: authselect current -r | awk '{ print $1 }'
          register: result_authselect_profile
          changed_when: false
          when:
          - result_authselect_check_cmd is success
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Define the current authselect profile
            as a local fact
          ansible.builtin.set_fact:
            authselect_current_profile: '{{ result_authselect_profile.stdout }}'
            authselect_custom_profile: '{{ result_authselect_profile.stdout }}'
          when:
          - result_authselect_profile is not skipped
          - result_authselect_profile.stdout is match("custom/")
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Define the new authselect custom
            profile as a local fact
          ansible.builtin.set_fact:
            authselect_current_profile: '{{ result_authselect_profile.stdout }}'
            authselect_custom_profile: custom/hardening
          when:
          - result_authselect_profile is not skipped
          - result_authselect_profile.stdout is not match("custom/")
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Get authselect current features
            to also enable them in the custom profile
          ansible.builtin.shell:
            cmd: authselect current | tail -n+3 | awk '{ print $2 }'
          register: result_authselect_features
          changed_when: false
          when:
          - result_authselect_profile is not skipped
          - authselect_current_profile is not match("custom/")
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Check if any custom profile with
            the same name was already created
          ansible.builtin.stat:
            path: /etc/authselect/{{ authselect_custom_profile }}
          register: result_authselect_custom_profile_present
          changed_when: false
          when:
          - authselect_current_profile is not match("custom/")
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Create an authselect custom profile
            based on the current profile
          ansible.builtin.command:
            cmd: authselect create-profile hardening -b {{ authselect_current_profile
              }}
          when:
          - result_authselect_check_cmd is success
          - authselect_current_profile is not match("custom/")
          - not result_authselect_custom_profile_present.stat.exists
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Ensure authselect changes are applied
          ansible.builtin.command:
            cmd: authselect apply-changes -b --backup=before-hardening-custom-profile
          when:
          - result_authselect_check_cmd is success
          - result_authselect_profile is not skipped
          - authselect_current_profile is not match("custom/")
          - authselect_custom_profile is not match(authselect_current_profile)
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Ensure the authselect custom profile
            is selected
          ansible.builtin.command:
            cmd: authselect select {{ authselect_custom_profile }}
          register: result_pam_authselect_select_profile
          when:
          - result_authselect_check_cmd is success
          - result_authselect_profile is not skipped
          - authselect_current_profile is not match("custom/")
          - authselect_custom_profile is not match(authselect_current_profile)
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Restore the authselect features
            in the custom profile
          ansible.builtin.command:
            cmd: authselect enable-feature {{ item }}
          loop: '{{ result_authselect_features.stdout_lines }}'
          register: result_pam_authselect_restore_features
          when:
          - result_authselect_profile is not skipped
          - result_authselect_features is not skipped
          - result_pam_authselect_select_profile is not skipped
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Ensure authselect changes are applied
          ansible.builtin.command:
            cmd: authselect apply-changes -b --backup=after-hardening-custom-profile
          when:
          - result_authselect_check_cmd is success
          - result_authselect_profile is not skipped
          - result_pam_authselect_restore_features is not skipped
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Change the PAM file to be edited
            according to the custom authselect profile
          ansible.builtin.set_fact:
            pam_file_path: /etc/authselect/{{ authselect_custom_profile }}/{{ pam_file_path
              | basename }}
        when:
        - result_authselect_present.stat.exists
    
      - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Define a fact for control already
          filtered in case filters are used
        ansible.builtin.set_fact:
          pam_module_control: sufficient
    
      - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Check if expected PAM module line
          is present in {{ pam_file_path }}
        ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
          path: '{{ pam_file_path }}'
          regexp: ^\s*password\s+{{ pam_module_control | regex_escape() }}\s+pam_unix.so\s*.*
          state: absent
        check_mode: true
        changed_when: false
        register: result_pam_line_present
    
      - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Include or update the PAM module
          line in {{ pam_file_path }}
        block:
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Check if required PAM module line
            is present in {{ pam_file_path }} with different control
          ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
            path: '{{ pam_file_path }}'
            regexp: ^\s*password\s+.*\s+pam_unix.so\s*
            state: absent
          check_mode: true
          changed_when: false
          register: result_pam_line_other_control_present
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Ensure the correct control for
            the required PAM module line in {{ pam_file_path }}
          ansible.builtin.replace:
            dest: '{{ pam_file_path }}'
            regexp: ^(\s*password\s+).*(\bpam_unix.so.*)
            replace: \1{{ pam_module_control }} \2
          register: result_pam_module_edit
          when:
          - result_pam_line_other_control_present.found == 1
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Ensure the required PAM module
            line is included in {{ pam_file_path }}
          ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
            dest: '{{ pam_file_path }}'
            line: password    {{ pam_module_control }}    pam_unix.so
          register: result_pam_module_add
          when:
          - result_pam_line_other_control_present.found == 0 or result_pam_line_other_control_present.found
            > 1
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Ensure authselect changes are applied
          ansible.builtin.command:
            cmd: authselect apply-changes -b
          when:
          - result_authselect_present is defined
          - result_authselect_present.stat.exists
          - |-
            (result_pam_module_add is defined and result_pam_module_add.changed)
             or (result_pam_module_edit is defined and result_pam_module_edit.changed)
        when:
        - result_pam_line_present.found is defined
        - result_pam_line_present.found == 0
    
      - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Define a fact for control already
          filtered in case filters are used
        ansible.builtin.set_fact:
          pam_module_control: sufficient
    
      - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Check if the required PAM module
          option is present in {{ pam_file_path }}
        ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
          path: '{{ pam_file_path }}'
          regexp: ^\s*password\s+{{ pam_module_control | regex_escape() }}\s+pam_unix.so\s*.*\s{{
            var_password_hashing_algorithm_pam }}\b
          state: absent
        check_mode: true
        changed_when: false
        register: result_pam_module_set_password_hashing_algorithm_systemauth_option_present
    
      - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Ensure the "{{ var_password_hashing_algorithm_pam
          }}" PAM option for "pam_unix.so" is included in {{ pam_file_path }}
        ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
          path: '{{ pam_file_path }}'
          backrefs: true
          regexp: ^(\s*password\s+{{ pam_module_control | regex_escape() }}\s+pam_unix.so.*)
          line: \1 {{ var_password_hashing_algorithm_pam }}
          state: present
        register: result_pam_set_password_hashing_algorithm_systemauth_add
        when:
        - result_pam_module_set_password_hashing_algorithm_systemauth_option_present.found
          == 0
    
      - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Ensure authselect changes are applied
        ansible.builtin.command:
          cmd: authselect apply-changes -b
        when:
        - result_authselect_present.stat.exists
        - |-
          (result_pam_set_password_hashing_algorithm_systemauth_add is defined and result_pam_set_password_hashing_algorithm_systemauth_add.changed)
           or (result_pam_set_password_hashing_algorithm_systemauth_edit is defined and result_pam_set_password_hashing_algorithm_systemauth_edit.changed)
      when:
      - '"pam" in ansible_facts.packages'
      - result_pam_file_present.stat.exists
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.6.2.2
      - NIST-800-171-3.13.11
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(1)(c)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(c)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.2.1
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.3.2
      - configure_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - set_password_hashing_algorithm_systemauth
    
    - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Check if /etc/pam.d/system-auth File
        is Present
      ansible.builtin.stat:
        path: /etc/pam.d/system-auth
      register: result_pam_file_present
      when: '"pam" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.6.2.2
      - NIST-800-171-3.13.11
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(1)(c)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(c)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.2.1
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.3.2
      - configure_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - set_password_hashing_algorithm_systemauth
    
    - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Check The Proper Remediation For The
        System
      block:
    
      - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Define the PAM file to be edited
          as a local fact
        ansible.builtin.set_fact:
          pam_file_path: /etc/pam.d/system-auth
    
      - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Check if system relies on authselect
          tool
        ansible.builtin.stat:
          path: /usr/bin/authselect
        register: result_authselect_present
    
      - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Ensure authselect custom profile
          is used if authselect is present
        block:
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Check integrity of authselect current
            profile
          ansible.builtin.command:
            cmd: authselect check
          register: result_authselect_check_cmd
          changed_when: false
          failed_when: false
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Informative message based on the
            authselect integrity check result
          ansible.builtin.assert:
            that:
            - result_authselect_check_cmd.rc == 0
            fail_msg:
            - authselect integrity check failed. Remediation aborted!
            - This remediation could not be applied because an authselect profile was
              not selected or the selected profile is not intact.
            - It is not recommended to manually edit the PAM files when authselect tool
              is available.
            - In cases where the default authselect profile does not cover a specific
              demand, a custom authselect profile is recommended.
            success_msg:
            - authselect integrity check passed
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Get authselect current profile
          ansible.builtin.shell:
            cmd: authselect current -r | awk '{ print $1 }'
          register: result_authselect_profile
          changed_when: false
          when:
          - result_authselect_check_cmd is success
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Define the current authselect profile
            as a local fact
          ansible.builtin.set_fact:
            authselect_current_profile: '{{ result_authselect_profile.stdout }}'
            authselect_custom_profile: '{{ result_authselect_profile.stdout }}'
          when:
          - result_authselect_profile is not skipped
          - result_authselect_profile.stdout is match("custom/")
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Define the new authselect custom
            profile as a local fact
          ansible.builtin.set_fact:
            authselect_current_profile: '{{ result_authselect_profile.stdout }}'
            authselect_custom_profile: custom/hardening
          when:
          - result_authselect_profile is not skipped
          - result_authselect_profile.stdout is not match("custom/")
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Get authselect current features
            to also enable them in the custom profile
          ansible.builtin.shell:
            cmd: authselect current | tail -n+3 | awk '{ print $2 }'
          register: result_authselect_features
          changed_when: false
          when:
          - result_authselect_profile is not skipped
          - authselect_current_profile is not match("custom/")
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Check if any custom profile with
            the same name was already created
          ansible.builtin.stat:
            path: /etc/authselect/{{ authselect_custom_profile }}
          register: result_authselect_custom_profile_present
          changed_when: false
          when:
          - authselect_current_profile is not match("custom/")
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Create an authselect custom profile
            based on the current profile
          ansible.builtin.command:
            cmd: authselect create-profile hardening -b {{ authselect_current_profile
              }}
          when:
          - result_authselect_check_cmd is success
          - authselect_current_profile is not match("custom/")
          - not result_authselect_custom_profile_present.stat.exists
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Ensure authselect changes are applied
          ansible.builtin.command:
            cmd: authselect apply-changes -b --backup=before-hardening-custom-profile
          when:
          - result_authselect_check_cmd is success
          - result_authselect_profile is not skipped
          - authselect_current_profile is not match("custom/")
          - authselect_custom_profile is not match(authselect_current_profile)
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Ensure the authselect custom profile
            is selected
          ansible.builtin.command:
            cmd: authselect select {{ authselect_custom_profile }}
          register: result_pam_authselect_select_profile
          when:
          - result_authselect_check_cmd is success
          - result_authselect_profile is not skipped
          - authselect_current_profile is not match("custom/")
          - authselect_custom_profile is not match(authselect_current_profile)
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Restore the authselect features
            in the custom profile
          ansible.builtin.command:
            cmd: authselect enable-feature {{ item }}
          loop: '{{ result_authselect_features.stdout_lines }}'
          register: result_pam_authselect_restore_features
          when:
          - result_authselect_profile is not skipped
          - result_authselect_features is not skipped
          - result_pam_authselect_select_profile is not skipped
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Ensure authselect changes are applied
          ansible.builtin.command:
            cmd: authselect apply-changes -b --backup=after-hardening-custom-profile
          when:
          - result_authselect_check_cmd is success
          - result_authselect_profile is not skipped
          - result_pam_authselect_restore_features is not skipped
    
        - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Change the PAM file to be edited
            according to the custom authselect profile
          ansible.builtin.set_fact:
            pam_file_path: /etc/authselect/{{ authselect_custom_profile }}/{{ pam_file_path
              | basename }}
        when:
        - result_authselect_present.stat.exists
    
      - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Ensure That Only the Correct Hashing
          Algorithm Option For pam_unix.so Is Used in /etc/pam.d/system-auth
        ansible.builtin.replace:
          dest: '{{ pam_file_path }}'
          regexp: (^\s*password.*pam_unix\.so.*)\b{{ item }}\b\s*(.*)
          replace: \1\2
        when: item != var_password_hashing_algorithm_pam
        loop:
        - sha512
        - yescrypt
        - gost_yescrypt
        - blowfish
        - sha256
        - md5
        - bigcrypt
        register: result_pam_hashing_options_removal
    
      - name: Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm - Ensure authselect changes are applied
        ansible.builtin.command:
          cmd: authselect apply-changes -b
        when:
        - result_authselect_present.stat.exists
        - result_pam_hashing_options_removal is changed
      when:
      - '"pam" in ansible_facts.packages'
      - result_pam_file_present.stat.exists
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.6.2.2
      - NIST-800-171-3.13.11
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(1)(c)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(c)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.2.1
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.3.2
      - configure_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - set_password_hashing_algorithm_systemauth
    

    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q pam; then
    
    var_password_hashing_algorithm_pam='sha512'
    
    
    PAM_FILE_PATH="/etc/pam.d/system-auth"
    CONTROL="sufficient"
    
    if [ -e "$PAM_FILE_PATH" ] ; then
        PAM_FILE_PATH="$PAM_FILE_PATH"
        if [ -f /usr/bin/authselect ]; then
            
            if ! authselect check; then
            echo "
            authselect integrity check failed. Remediation aborted!
            This remediation could not be applied because an authselect profile was not selected or the selected profile is not intact.
            It is not recommended to manually edit the PAM files when authselect tool is available.
            In cases where the default authselect profile does not cover a specific demand, a custom authselect profile is recommended."
            exit 1
            fi
    
            CURRENT_PROFILE=$(authselect current -r | awk '{ print $1 }')
            # If not already in use, a custom profile is created preserving the enabled features.
            if [[ ! $CURRENT_PROFILE == custom/* ]]; then
                ENABLED_FEATURES=$(authselect current | tail -n+3 | awk '{ print $2 }')
                authselect create-profile hardening -b $CURRENT_PROFILE
                CURRENT_PROFILE="custom/hardening"
                
                authselect apply-changes -b --backup=before-hardening-custom-profile
                authselect select $CURRENT_PROFILE
                for feature in $ENABLED_FEATURES; do
                    authselect enable-feature $feature;
                done
                
                authselect apply-changes -b --backup=after-hardening-custom-profile
            fi
            PAM_FILE_NAME=$(basename "$PAM_FILE_PATH")
            PAM_FILE_PATH="/etc/authselect/$CURRENT_PROFILE/$PAM_FILE_NAME"
    
            authselect apply-changes -b
        fi
        
    
            if ! grep -qP "^\s*password\s+\$CONTROL\s+pam_unix.so\s*.*" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"; then
                # Line matching group + control + module was not found. Check group + module.
                if [ "$(grep -cP '^\s*password\s+.*\s+pam_unix.so\s*' "$PAM_FILE_PATH")" -eq 1 ]; then
                    # The control is updated only if one single line matches.
                    sed -i -E --follow-symlinks "s/^(\s*password\s+).*(\bpam_unix.so.*)/\1$CONTROL \2/" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"
                else
                    echo "password    $CONTROL    pam_unix.so" >> "$PAM_FILE_PATH"
                fi
            fi
            # Check the option
            if ! grep -qP "^\s*password\s+\$CONTROL\s+pam_unix.so\s*.*\s$var_password_hashing_algorithm_pam\b" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"; then
                sed -i -E --follow-symlinks "/\s*password\s+\$CONTROL\s+pam_unix.so.*/ s/$/ $var_password_hashing_algorithm_pam/" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"
            fi
        if [ -f /usr/bin/authselect ]; then
            
            authselect apply-changes -b
        fi
    else
        echo "$PAM_FILE_PATH was not found" >&2
    fi
    
    # Ensure only the correct hashing algorithm option is used.
    declare -a HASHING_ALGORITHMS_OPTIONS=("sha512" "yescrypt" "gost_yescrypt" "blowfish" "sha256" "md5" "bigcrypt")
    
    for hash_option in "${HASHING_ALGORITHMS_OPTIONS[@]}"; do
      if [ "$hash_option" != "$var_password_hashing_algorithm_pam" ]; then
        if grep -qP "^\s*password\s+.*\s+pam_unix.so\s+.*\b$hash_option\b" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"; then
          if [ -e "$PAM_FILE_PATH" ] ; then
        PAM_FILE_PATH="$PAM_FILE_PATH"
        if [ -f /usr/bin/authselect ]; then
            
            if ! authselect check; then
            echo "
            authselect integrity check failed. Remediation aborted!
            This remediation could not be applied because an authselect profile was not selected or the selected profile is not intact.
            It is not recommended to manually edit the PAM files when authselect tool is available.
            In cases where the default authselect profile does not cover a specific demand, a custom authselect profile is recommended."
            exit 1
            fi
    
            CURRENT_PROFILE=$(authselect current -r | awk '{ print $1 }')
            # If not already in use, a custom profile is created preserving the enabled features.
            if [[ ! $CURRENT_PROFILE == custom/* ]]; then
                ENABLED_FEATURES=$(authselect current | tail -n+3 | awk '{ print $2 }')
                authselect create-profile hardening -b $CURRENT_PROFILE
                CURRENT_PROFILE="custom/hardening"
                
                authselect apply-changes -b --backup=before-hardening-custom-profile
                authselect select $CURRENT_PROFILE
                for feature in $ENABLED_FEATURES; do
                    authselect enable-feature $feature;
                done
                
                authselect apply-changes -b --backup=after-hardening-custom-profile
            fi
            PAM_FILE_NAME=$(basename "$PAM_FILE_PATH")
            PAM_FILE_PATH="/etc/authselect/$CURRENT_PROFILE/$PAM_FILE_NAME"
    
            authselect apply-changes -b
        fi
        
    if grep -qP "^\s*password\s+.*\s+pam_unix.so\s.*\b$hash_option\b" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"; then
        sed -i -E --follow-symlinks "s/(.*password.*.*.*pam_unix.so.*)\s$hash_option=?[[:alnum:]]*(.*)/\1\2/g" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"
    fi
        if [ -f /usr/bin/authselect ]; then
            
            authselect apply-changes -b
        fi
    else
        echo "$PAM_FILE_PATH was not found" >&2
    fi
        fi
      fi
    done
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    
    Group   Protect Physical Console Access   Group contains 2 rules
    [ref]   It is impossible to fully protect a system from an attacker with physical access, so securing the space in which the system is located should be considered a necessary step. However, there are some steps which, if taken, make it more difficult for an attacker to quickly or undetectably modify a system from its console.

    Rule   Require Authentication for Emergency Systemd Target   [ref]

    Emergency mode is intended as a system recovery method, providing a single user root access to the system during a failed boot sequence.

    By default, Emergency mode is protected by requiring a password and is set in /usr/lib/systemd/system/emergency.service.
    Rationale:
    This prevents attackers with physical access from trivially bypassing security on the machine and gaining root access. Such accesses are further prevented by configuring the bootloader password.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_require_emergency_target_auth
    References:
    cis-csc1, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS05.10, DSS06.03, DSS06.06, DSS06.10
    cui3.1.1, 3.4.5
    disaCCI-000213
    hipaa164.308(a)(1)(ii)(B), 164.308(a)(7)(i), 164.308(a)(7)(ii)(A), 164.310(a)(1), 164.310(a)(2)(i), 164.310(a)(2)(ii), 164.310(a)(2)(iii), 164.310(b), 164.310(c), 164.310(d)(1), 164.310(d)(2)(iii)
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.2.2, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7
    ism0421, 0422, 0431, 0974, 1173, 1401, 1504, 1505, 1546, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561
    iso27001-2013A.18.1.4, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.2.4, A.9.2.6, A.9.3.1, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistIA-2, AC-3, CM-6(a)
    nist-csfPR.AC-1, PR.AC-4, PR.AC-6, PR.AC-7, PR.PT-3
    os-srgSRG-OS-000080-GPOS-00048

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.4.5
      - NIST-800-53-AC-3
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-2
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - require_emergency_target_auth
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Require emergency mode password
      lineinfile:
        create: true
        dest: /usr/lib/systemd/system/emergency.service
        regexp: ^#?ExecStart=
        line: ExecStart=-/bin/sh -c "/sbin/sulogin; /usr/bin/systemctl --fail --no-block
          default"
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.4.5
      - NIST-800-53-AC-3
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-2
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - require_emergency_target_auth
      - restrict_strategy
    

    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    service_file="/usr/lib/systemd/system/emergency.service"
    
    
    sulogin='/bin/sh -c "/sbin/sulogin; /usr/bin/systemctl --fail --no-block default"'
    
    
    if grep "^ExecStart=.*" "$service_file" ; then
        sed -i "s%^ExecStart=.*%ExecStart=-$sulogin%" "$service_file"
    else
        echo "ExecStart=-$sulogin" >> "$service_file"
    fi
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Require Authentication for Single User Mode   [ref]

    Single-user mode is intended as a system recovery method, providing a single user root access to the system by providing a boot option at startup.

    By default, single-user mode is protected by requiring a password and is set in /usr/lib/systemd/system/rescue.service.
    Rationale:
    This prevents attackers with physical access from trivially bypassing security on the machine and gaining root access. Such accesses are further prevented by configuring the bootloader password.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_require_singleuser_auth
    References:
    cis-csc1, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS05.10, DSS06.03, DSS06.06, DSS06.10
    cui3.1.1, 3.4.5
    disaCCI-000213
    hipaa164.308(a)(1)(ii)(B), 164.308(a)(7)(i), 164.308(a)(7)(ii)(A), 164.310(a)(1), 164.310(a)(2)(i), 164.310(a)(2)(ii), 164.310(a)(2)(iii), 164.310(b), 164.310(c), 164.310(d)(1), 164.310(d)(2)(iii)
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.2.2, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7
    ism0421, 0422, 0431, 0974, 1173, 1401, 1504, 1505, 1546, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561
    iso27001-2013A.18.1.4, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.2.4, A.9.2.6, A.9.3.1, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.2.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2, CIP-007-3 R5.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.1, CIP-007-3 R5.3.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.3
    nistIA-2, AC-3, CM-6(a)
    nist-csfPR.AC-1, PR.AC-4, PR.AC-6, PR.AC-7, PR.PT-3
    osppFIA_UAU.1
    os-srgSRG-OS-000080-GPOS-00048

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.4.5
      - NIST-800-53-AC-3
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-2
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - require_singleuser_auth
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Require single user mode password
      lineinfile:
        create: true
        dest: /usr/lib/systemd/system/rescue.service
        regexp: ^#?ExecStart=
        line: ExecStart=-/bin/sh -c "/sbin/sulogin; /usr/bin/systemctl --fail --no-block
          default"
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.4.5
      - NIST-800-53-AC-3
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-2
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - require_singleuser_auth
      - restrict_strategy
    

    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    found=false
    
    # set value in all files if they contain section or key
    for f in $(echo -n "/etc/systemd/system/rescue.service.d/10-oscap.conf"); do
        if [ ! -e "$f" ]; then
            continue
        fi
    
        # find key in section and change value
        if grep -qzosP "[[:space:]]*\[Service\]([^\n\[]*\n+)+?[[:space:]]*ExecStart" "$f"; then
    
                sed -i "s/ExecStart[^(\n)]*/ExecStart=-/bin/sh -c "/sbin/sulogin; /usr/bin/systemctl --fail --no-block default"/" "$f"
    
                found=true
    
        # find section and add key = value to it
        elif grep -qs "[[:space:]]*\[Service\]" "$f"; then
    
                sed -i "/[[:space:]]*\[Service\]/a ExecStart=-/bin/sh -c "/sbin/sulogin; /usr/bin/systemctl --fail --no-block default"" "$f"
    
                found=true
        fi
    done
    
    # if section not in any file, append section with key = value to FIRST file in files parameter
    if ! $found ; then
        file=$(echo "/etc/systemd/system/rescue.service.d/10-oscap.conf" | cut -f1 -d ' ')
        mkdir -p "$(dirname "$file")"
    
        echo -e "[Service]\nExecStart=-/bin/sh -c "/sbin/sulogin; /usr/bin/systemctl --fail --no-block default"" >> "$file"
    
    fi
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    
    Group   Protect Accounts by Restricting Password-Based Login   Group contains 4 groups and 14 rules
    [ref]   Conventionally, Unix shell accounts are accessed by providing a username and password to a login program, which tests these values for correctness using the /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow files. Password-based login is vulnerable to guessing of weak passwords, and to sniffing and man-in-the-middle attacks against passwords entered over a network or at an insecure console. Therefore, mechanisms for accessing accounts by entering usernames and passwords should be restricted to those which are operationally necessary.
    Group   Set Account Expiration Parameters   Group contains 1 rule
    Group   Set Password Expiration Parameters   Group contains 5 rules
    [ref]   The file /etc/login.defs controls several password-related settings. Programs such as passwd, su, and login consult /etc/login.defs to determine behavior with regard to password aging, expiration warnings, and length. See the man page login.defs(5) for more information.

    Users should be forced to change their passwords, in order to decrease the utility of compromised passwords. However, the need to change passwords often should be balanced against the risk that users will reuse or write down passwords if forced to change them too often. Forcing password changes every 90-360 days, depending on the environment, is recommended. Set the appropriate value as PASS_MAX_DAYS and apply it to existing accounts with the -M flag.

    The PASS_MIN_DAYS (-m) setting prevents password changes for 7 days after the first change, to discourage password cycling. If you use this setting, train users to contact an administrator for an emergency password change in case a new password becomes compromised. The PASS_WARN_AGE (-W) setting gives users 7 days of warnings at login time that their passwords are about to expire.

    For example, for each existing human user USER, expiration parameters could be adjusted to a 180 day maximum password age, 7 day minimum password age, and 7 day warning period with the following command:
    $ sudo chage -M 180 -m 7 -W 7 USER

    Rule   Set Existing Passwords Maximum Age   [ref]

    Configure non-compliant accounts to enforce a 365-day maximum password lifetime restriction by running the following command:
    $ sudo chage -M 365
              USER
             
    Rationale:
    Any password, no matter how complex, can eventually be cracked. Therefore, passwords need to be changed periodically. If the operating system does not limit the lifetime of passwords and force users to change their passwords, there is the risk that the operating system passwords could be compromised.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_password_set_max_life_existing
    References:
    disaCCI-004066
    nistIA-5(f), IA-5(1)(d), CM-6(a)
    os-srgSRG-OS-000076-GPOS-00044
    pcidss48.3.9, 8.3

    Rule   Set Existing Passwords Minimum Age   [ref]

    Configure non-compliant accounts to enforce a 24 hours/1 day minimum password lifetime by running the following command:
    $ sudo chage -m 1 USER
             
    Rationale:
    Enforcing a minimum password lifetime helps to prevent repeated password changes to defeat the password reuse or history enforcement requirement. If users are allowed to immediately and continually change their password, the password could be repeatedly changed in a short period of time to defeat the organization's policy regarding password reuse.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_password_set_min_life_existing
    References:
    disaCCI-004066
    nistIA-5(f), IA-5(1)(d), CM-6(a)
    os-srgSRG-OS-000075-GPOS-00043

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    - name: XCCDF Value var_accounts_minimum_age_login_defs # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        var_accounts_minimum_age_login_defs: !!str 7
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Collect users with not correct minimum time period between password changes
      command: |
        awk -F':' '(/^[^:]+:[^!*]/ && ($4 < {{ var_accounts_minimum_age_login_defs }} || $4 == "")) {print $1}' /etc/shadow
      register: user_names
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(1)(d)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(f)
      - accounts_password_set_min_life_existing
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Change the minimum time period between password changes
      command: |
        chage -m {{ var_accounts_minimum_age_login_defs }} {{ item }}
      with_items: '{{ user_names.stdout_lines }}'
      when: user_names.stdout_lines | length > 0
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(1)(d)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-5(f)
      - accounts_password_set_min_life_existing
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    
    var_accounts_minimum_age_login_defs='7'
    
    
    while IFS= read -r i; do
        
        chage -m $var_accounts_minimum_age_login_defs $i
    
    done <   <(awk -v var="$var_accounts_minimum_age_login_defs" -F: '(/^[^:]+:[^!*]/ && ($4 < var || $4 == "")) {print $1}' /etc/shadow)
    
    Group   Verify Proper Storage and Existence of Password Hashes   Group contains 1 rule
    [ref]   By default, password hashes for local accounts are stored in the second field (colon-separated) in /etc/shadow. This file should be readable only by processes running with root credentials, preventing users from casually accessing others' password hashes and attempting to crack them. However, it remains possible to misconfigure the system and store password hashes in world-readable files such as /etc/passwd, or to even store passwords themselves in plaintext on the system. Using system-provided tools for password change/creation should allow administrators to avoid such misconfiguration.

    Rule   Verify No netrc Files Exist   [ref]

    The .netrc files contain login information used to auto-login into FTP servers and reside in the user's home directory. These files may contain unencrypted passwords to remote FTP servers making them susceptible to access by unauthorized users and should not be used. Any .netrc files should be removed.
    Rationale:
    Unencrypted passwords for remote FTP servers may be stored in .netrc files.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_no_netrc_files
    References:
    cis-csc1, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS05.10, DSS06.03, DSS06.06, DSS06.10
    disaCCI-000196
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.2.2, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7
    iso27001-2013A.18.1.4, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.2.4, A.9.2.6, A.9.3.1, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R1.3, CIP-003-8 R3, CIP-003-8 R3.1, CIP-003-8 R3.2, CIP-003-8 R3.3, CIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.2.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2, CIP-007-3 R5.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.1, CIP-007-3 R5.3.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.3
    nistIA-5(h), IA-5(1)(c), CM-6(a), IA-5(7)
    nist-csfPR.AC-1, PR.AC-4, PR.AC-6, PR.AC-7, PR.PT-3
    Group   Restrict Root Logins   Group contains 4 rules
    [ref]   Direct root logins should be allowed only for emergency use. In normal situations, the administrator should access the system via a unique unprivileged account, and then use su or sudo to execute privileged commands. Discouraging administrators from accessing the root account directly ensures an audit trail in organizations with multiple administrators. Locking down the channels through which root can connect directly also reduces opportunities for password-guessing against the root account. The login program uses the file /etc/securetty to determine which interfaces should allow root logins. The virtual devices /dev/console and /dev/tty* represent the system consoles (accessible via the Ctrl-Alt-F1 through Ctrl-Alt-F6 keyboard sequences on a default installation). The default securetty file also contains /dev/vc/*. These are likely to be deprecated in most environments, but may be retained for compatibility. Root should also be prohibited from connecting via network protocols. Other sections of this document include guidance describing how to prevent root from logging in via SSH.

    Rule   Verify Only Root Has UID 0   [ref]

    If any account other than root has a UID of 0, this misconfiguration should be investigated and the accounts other than root should be removed or have their UID changed.
    If the account is associated with system commands or applications the UID should be changed to one greater than "0" but less than "1000." Otherwise assign a UID greater than "1000" that has not already been assigned.
    Rationale:
    An account has root authority if it has a UID of 0. Multiple accounts with a UID of 0 afford more opportunity for potential intruders to guess a password for a privileged account. Proper configuration of sudo is recommended to afford multiple system administrators access to root privileges in an accountable manner.
    Severity: 
    high
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_no_uid_except_zero
    References:
    cis-csc1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS05.10, DSS06.02, DSS06.03, DSS06.10
    cui3.1.1, 3.1.5
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.2.2, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.18.1.4, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.2.4, A.9.2.6, A.9.3.1, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.2.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2, CIP-007-3 R5.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.1, CIP-007-3 R5.3.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.3
    nistIA-2, AC-6(5), IA-4(b)
    nist-csfPR.AC-1, PR.AC-4, PR.AC-6, PR.AC-7, PR.DS-5
    pcidssReq-8.5
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss48.2.1, 8.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    - name: Get all /etc/passwd file entries
      getent:
        database: passwd
        split: ':'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.5
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(5)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-2
      - NIST-800-53-IA-4(b)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.5
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.2.1
      - accounts_no_uid_except_zero
      - high_severity
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Lock the password of the user accounts other than root with uid 0
      command: passwd -l {{ item.key }}
      loop: '{{ getent_passwd | dict2items | rejectattr(''key'', ''search'', ''root'')
        | list }}'
      when: item.value.1  == '0'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.5
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(5)
      - NIST-800-53-IA-2
      - NIST-800-53-IA-4(b)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.5
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.2.1
      - accounts_no_uid_except_zero
      - high_severity
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    

    awk -F: '$3 == 0 && $1 != "root" { print $1 }' /etc/passwd | xargs --no-run-if-empty --max-lines=1 passwd -l
    

    Rule   Verify Root Has A Primary GID 0   [ref]

    The root user should have a primary group of 0.
    Rationale:
    To help ensure that root-owned files are not inadvertently exposed to other users.
    Severity: 
    high
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_root_gid_zero
    References:
    pcidssReq-8.1.1
    pcidss48.2.1, 8.2

    Rule   Ensure that System Accounts Do Not Run a Shell Upon Login   [ref]

    Some accounts are not associated with a human user of the system, and exist to perform some administrative functions. Should an attacker be able to log into these accounts, they should not be granted access to a shell.

    The login shell for each local account is stored in the last field of each line in /etc/passwd. System accounts are those user accounts with a user ID less than 1000. The user ID is stored in the third field. If any system account other than root has a login shell, disable it with the command:
    $ sudo usermod -s /sbin/nologin account
             
    Warning:  Do not perform the steps in this section on the root account. Doing so might cause the system to become inaccessible.
    Rationale:
    Ensuring shells are not given to system accounts upon login makes it more difficult for attackers to make use of system accounts.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_no_shelllogin_for_systemaccounts
    References:
    cis-csc1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5, 7, 8
    cobit5DSS01.03, DSS03.05, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.03
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.2.2, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 6.2
    ism1491
    iso27001-2013A.12.4.1, A.12.4.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.2.4, A.9.2.6, A.9.3.1, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistAC-6, CM-6(a), CM-6(b), CM-6.1(iv)
    nist-csfDE.CM-1, DE.CM-3, PR.AC-1, PR.AC-4, PR.AC-6
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss48.2.2, 8.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    - name: Ensure that System Accounts Do Not Run a Shell Upon Login - Get All Local
        Users From /etc/passwd
      ansible.builtin.getent:
        database: passwd
        split: ':'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(b)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6.1(iv)
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.2.2
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - no_shelllogin_for_systemaccounts
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Ensure that System Accounts Do Not Run a Shell Upon Login - Create local_users
        Variable From getent_passwd Facts
      ansible.builtin.set_fact:
        local_users: '{{ ansible_facts.getent_passwd | dict2items }}'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(b)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6.1(iv)
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.2.2
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - no_shelllogin_for_systemaccounts
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Ensure that System Accounts Do Not Run a Shell Upon Login -  Disable Login
        Shell for System Accounts
      ansible.builtin.user:
        name: '{{ item.key }}'
        shell: /sbin/nologin
      loop: '{{ local_users }}'
      when:
      - item.key not in ['root']
      - item.value[1]|int < 1000
      - item.value[5] not in ['/sbin/shutdown', '/sbin/halt', '/bin/sync']
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(b)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6.1(iv)
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.2.2
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - no_shelllogin_for_systemaccounts
      - restrict_strategy
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    
    readarray -t systemaccounts < <(awk -F: '($3 < 1000 && $3 != root \
      && $7 != "\/sbin\/shutdown" && $7 != "\/sbin\/halt" && $7 != "\/bin\/sync") \
      { print $1 }' /etc/passwd)
    
    for systemaccount in "${systemaccounts[@]}"; do
        usermod -s /sbin/nologin "$systemaccount"
    done
    

    Rule   Enforce usage of pam_wheel for su authentication   [ref]

    To ensure that only users who are members of the wheel group can run commands with altered privileges through the su command, make sure that the following line exists in the file /etc/pam.d/su:
    auth required pam_wheel.so use_uid
    Warning:  Members of "wheel" or GID 0 groups are checked by default if the group option is not set for pam_wheel.so module. Therefore, members of these groups should be manually checked or a different group should be informed according to the site policy.
    Rationale:
    The su program allows to run commands with a substitute user and group ID. It is commonly used to run commands as the root user. Limiting access to such command is considered a good security practice.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_use_pam_wheel_for_su
    References:
    disaCCI-002165, CCI-004895
    osppFMT_SMF_EXT.1.1
    os-srgSRG-OS-000373-GPOS-00156, SRG-OS-000312-GPOS-00123

    Rule   Ensure All Groups on the System Have Unique Group ID   [ref]

    Change the group name or delete groups, so each has a unique id.
    Warning:  Automatic remediation of this control is not available due to the unique requirements of each system.
    Rationale:
    To assure accountability and prevent unauthenticated access, groups must be identified uniquely to prevent potential misuse and compromise of the system.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_group_unique_id
    References:
    disaCCI-000764
    os-srgSRG-OS-000104-GPOS-00051
    pcidss48.2.1, 8.2

    Rule   Ensure All Groups on the System Have Unique Group Names   [ref]

    Change the group name or delete groups, so each has a unique name.
    Warning:  Automatic remediation of this control is not available due to the unique requirements of each system.
    Rationale:
    To assure accountability and prevent unauthenticated access, groups must be identified uniquely to prevent potential misuse and compromise of the system.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_group_unique_name
    References:
    pcidss48.2.1, 8.2
    Group   Secure Session Configuration Files for Login Accounts   Group contains 2 groups and 7 rules
    [ref]   When a user logs into a Unix account, the system configures the user's session by reading a number of files. Many of these files are located in the user's home directory, and may have weak permissions as a result of user error or misconfiguration. If an attacker can modify or even read certain types of account configuration information, they can often gain full access to the affected user's account. Therefore, it is important to test and correct configuration file permissions for interactive accounts, particularly those of privileged users such as root or system administrators.
    Group   Ensure that No Dangerous Directories Exist in Root's Path   Group contains 2 rules
    [ref]   The active path of the root account can be obtained by starting a new root shell and running:
    # echo $PATH
    This will produce a colon-separated list of directories in the path.

    Certain path elements could be considered dangerous, as they could lead to root executing unknown or untrusted programs, which could contain malicious code. Since root may sometimes work inside untrusted directories, the . character, which represents the current directory, should never be in the root path, nor should any directory which can be written to by an unprivileged or semi-privileged (system) user.

    It is a good practice for administrators to always execute privileged commands by typing the full path to the command.

    Rule   Ensure that Root's Path Does Not Include World or Group-Writable Directories   [ref]

    For each element in root's path, run:
    # ls -ld DIR
             
    and ensure that write permissions are disabled for group and other.
    Rationale:
    Such entries increase the risk that root could execute code provided by unprivileged users, and potentially malicious code.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_root_path_dirs_no_write
    References:
    cis-csc11, 3, 9
    cobit5BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4
    nistCM-6(a), CM-6(a)
    nist-csfPR.IP-1

    Rule   Ensure that Root's Path Does Not Include Relative Paths or Null Directories   [ref]

    Ensure that none of the directories in root's path is equal to a single . character, or that it contains any instances that lead to relative path traversal, such as .. or beginning a path without the slash (/) character. Also ensure that there are no "empty" elements in the path, such as in these examples:
    PATH=:/bin
    PATH=/bin:
    PATH=/bin::/sbin
    These empty elements have the same effect as a single . character.
    Rationale:
    Including these entries increases the risk that root could execute code from an untrusted location.
    Severity: 
    unknown
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_root_path_no_dot
    References:
    cis-csc11, 3, 9
    cobit5BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4
    nistCM-6(a), CM-6(a)
    nist-csfPR.IP-1
    Group   Ensure that Users Have Sensible Umask Values   Group contains 2 rules
    [ref]   The umask setting controls the default permissions for the creation of new files. With a default umask setting of 077, files and directories created by users will not be readable by any other user on the system. Users who wish to make specific files group- or world-readable can accomplish this by using the chmod command. Additionally, users can make all their files readable to their group by default by setting a umask of 027 in their shell configuration files. If default per-user groups exist (that is, if every user has a default group whose name is the same as that user's username and whose only member is the user), then it may even be safe for users to select a umask of 007, making it very easy to intentionally share files with groups of which the user is a member.

    Rule   Ensure the Default Umask is Set Correctly in /etc/profile   [ref]

    To ensure the default umask controlled by /etc/profile is set properly, add or correct the umask setting in /etc/profile to read as follows:
    umask 027
             
    Note that /etc/profile also reads scrips within /etc/profile.d directory. These scripts are also valid files to set umask value. Therefore, they should also be considered during the check and properly remediated, if necessary.
    Rationale:
    The umask value influences the permissions assigned to files when they are created. A misconfigured umask value could result in files with excessive permissions that can be read or written to by unauthorized users.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_umask_etc_profile
    References:
    cis-csc18
    cobit5APO13.01, BAI03.01, BAI03.02, BAI03.03
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.4.3.3
    iso27001-2013A.14.1.1, A.14.2.1, A.14.2.5, A.6.1.5
    nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
    nistAC-6(1), CM-6(a)
    nist-csfPR.IP-2
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00228, SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR36

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    - name: XCCDF Value var_accounts_user_umask # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        var_accounts_user_umask: !!str 027
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Ensure the Default Umask is Set Correctly in /etc/profile - Locate Profile
        Configuration Files Where umask Is Defined
      ansible.builtin.find:
        paths:
        - /etc/profile.d
        patterns:
        - sh.local
        - '*.sh'
        contains: ^[\s]*umask\s+\d+
      register: result_profile_d_files
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - accounts_umask_etc_profile
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Ensure the Default Umask is Set Correctly in /etc/profile - Replace Existing
        umask Value in Files From /etc/profile.d
      ansible.builtin.replace:
        path: '{{ item.path }}'
        regexp: ^(\s*)umask\s+\d+
        replace: \1umask {{ var_accounts_user_umask }}
      loop: '{{ result_profile_d_files.files }}'
      register: result_umask_replaced_profile_d
      when: result_profile_d_files.matched
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - accounts_umask_etc_profile
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Ensure the Default Umask is Set Correctly in /etc/profile - Ensure umask Is
        Set in /etc/profile if Not Already Set Elsewhere
      ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
        create: true
        mode: 420
        path: /etc/profile
        line: umask {{ var_accounts_user_umask }}
      when: not result_profile_d_files.matched
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - accounts_umask_etc_profile
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Ensure the Default Umask is Set Correctly in /etc/profile - Ensure umask Value
        For All Existing umask Definition in /etc/profile
      ansible.builtin.replace:
        path: /etc/profile
        regexp: ^(\s*)umask\s+\d+
        replace: \1umask {{ var_accounts_user_umask }}
      register: result_umask_replaced_profile
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - accounts_umask_etc_profile
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    
    var_accounts_user_umask='027'
    
    
    readarray -t profile_files < <(find /etc/profile.d/ -type f -name '*.sh' -or -name 'sh.local')
    
    for file in "${profile_files[@]}" /etc/profile; do
      grep -qE '^[^#]*umask' "$file" && sed -i -E "s/^(\s*umask\s*)[0-7]+/\1$var_accounts_user_umask/g" "$file"
    done
    
    if ! grep -qrE '^[^#]*umask' /etc/profile*; then
      echo "umask $var_accounts_user_umask" >> /etc/profile
    fi
    

    Rule   Set Interactive Session Timeout   [ref]

    Setting the TMOUT option in /etc/profile ensures that all user sessions will terminate based on inactivity. The value of TMOUT should be exported and read only. The TMOUT setting in a file loaded by /etc/profile, e.g. /etc/profile.d/tmout.sh should read as follows:
    typeset -xr TMOUT=900
            
    or
    declare -xr TMOUT=900
            
    Using the typeset keyword is preferred for wider compatibility with ksh and other shells.
    Rationale:
    Terminating an idle session within a short time period reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized personnel to take control of a management session enabled on the console or console port that has been left unattended.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_tmout
    References:
    cis-csc1, 12, 15, 16
    cobit5DSS05.04, DSS05.10, DSS06.10
    cui3.1.11
    disaCCI-000057, CCI-001133
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.2, SR 1.5, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9
    iso27001-2013A.18.1.4, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.4, A.9.3.1, A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3
    nerc-cipCIP-004-6 R2.2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.1, CIP-007-3 R5.3.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.3
    nistAC-12, SC-10, AC-2(5), CM-6(a)
    nist-csfPR.AC-7
    os-srgSRG-OS-000163-GPOS-00072, SRG-OS-000029-GPOS-00010
    anssiR32
    pcidss48.6.1, 8.6

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.11
      - NIST-800-53-AC-12
      - NIST-800-53-AC-2(5)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-10
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.6
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.6.1
      - accounts_tmout
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    - name: XCCDF Value var_accounts_tmout # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        var_accounts_tmout: !!str 900
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Correct any occurrence of TMOUT in /etc/profile
      replace:
        path: /etc/profile
        regexp: ^[^#].*TMOUT=.*
        replace: typeset -xr TMOUT={{ var_accounts_tmout }}
      register: profile_replaced
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.11
      - NIST-800-53-AC-12
      - NIST-800-53-AC-2(5)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-10
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.6
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.6.1
      - accounts_tmout
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Set Interactive Session Timeout
      lineinfile:
        path: /etc/profile.d/tmout.sh
        create: true
        regexp: TMOUT=
        line: typeset -xr TMOUT={{ var_accounts_tmout }}
        state: present
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.11
      - NIST-800-53-AC-12
      - NIST-800-53-AC-2(5)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-10
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.6
      - PCI-DSSv4-8.6.1
      - accounts_tmout
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    

    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    var_accounts_tmout='900'
    
    
    # if 0, no occurence of tmout found, if 1, occurence found
    tmout_found=0
    
    
    for f in /etc/profile /etc/profile.d/*.sh; do
    
        if grep --silent '^[^#].*TMOUT' $f; then
            sed -i -E "s/^(.*)TMOUT\s*=\s*(\w|\$)*(.*)$/typeset -xr TMOUT=$var_accounts_tmout\3/g" $f
            tmout_found=1
        fi
    done
    
    if [ $tmout_found -eq 0 ]; then
            echo -e "\n# Set TMOUT to $var_accounts_tmout per security requirements" >> /etc/profile.d/tmout.sh
            echo "typeset -xr TMOUT=$var_accounts_tmout" >> /etc/profile.d/tmout.sh
    fi
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   All Interactive User Home Directories Must Be Group-Owned By The Primary Group   [ref]

    Change the group owner of interactive users home directory to the group found in /etc/passwd. To change the group owner of interactive users home directory, use the following command:
    $ sudo chgrp USER_GROUP /home/USER
            
    This rule ensures every home directory related to an interactive user is group-owned by an interactive user. It also ensures that interactive users are group-owners of one and only one home directory.
    Warning:  Due to OVAL limitation, this rule can report a false negative in a specific situation where two interactive users swap the group-ownership of their respective home directories.
    Rationale:
    If the Group Identifier (GID) of a local interactive users home directory is not the same as the primary GID of the user, this would allow unauthorized access to the users files, and users that share the same group may not be able to access files that they legitimately should.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupownership_home_directories
    References:
    disaCCI-000366
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    - name: Get all local users from /etc/passwd
      ansible.builtin.getent:
        database: passwd
        split: ':'
      tags:
      - file_groupownership_home_directories
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Create local_users variable from the getent output
      ansible.builtin.set_fact:
        local_users: '{{ ansible_facts.getent_passwd|dict2items }}'
      tags:
      - file_groupownership_home_directories
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Test for existence of home directories to avoid creating them, but only fixing
        group ownership
      ansible.builtin.stat:
        path: '{{ item.value[4] }}'
      register: path_exists
      loop: '{{ local_users }}'
      when:
      - item.value[1]|int >= 1000
      - item.value[1]|int != 65534
      tags:
      - file_groupownership_home_directories
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Ensure interactive local users are the group-owners of their respective home
        directories
      ansible.builtin.file:
        path: '{{ item.0.value[4] }}'
        group: '{{ item.0.value[2] }}'
      loop: '{{ local_users|zip(path_exists.results)|list }}'
      when: item.1.stat is defined and item.1.stat.exists
      tags:
      - file_groupownership_home_directories
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    
    awk -F':' '{ if ($3 >= 1000 && $3 != 65534) system("chgrp -f " $4" "$6) }' /etc/passwd
    

    Rule   All Interactive User Home Directories Must Be Owned By The Primary User   [ref]

    Change the owner of interactive users home directories to that correct owner. To change the owner of a interactive users home directory, use the following command:
    $ sudo chown USER /home/USER
            
    This rule ensures every home directory related to an interactive user is owned by an interactive user. It also ensures that interactive users are owners of one and only one home directory.
    Warning:  Due to OVAL limitation, this rule can report a false negative in a specific situation where two interactive users swap the ownership of their respective home directories.
    Rationale:
    If a local interactive user does not own their home directory, unauthorized users could access or modify the user's files, and the users may not be able to access their own files.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_ownership_home_directories
    References:
    disaCCI-000366
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    - name: Get all local users from /etc/passwd
      ansible.builtin.getent:
        database: passwd
        split: ':'
      tags:
      - file_ownership_home_directories
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Create local_users variable from the getent output
      ansible.builtin.set_fact:
        local_users: '{{ ansible_facts.getent_passwd|dict2items }}'
      tags:
      - file_ownership_home_directories
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Test for existence of home directories to avoid creating them, but only fixing
        ownership
      ansible.builtin.stat:
        path: '{{ item.value[4] }}'
      register: path_exists
      loop: '{{ local_users }}'
      when:
      - item.value[1]|int >= 1000
      - item.value[1]|int != 65534
      tags:
      - file_ownership_home_directories
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Ensure interactive local users are the owners of their respective home directories
      ansible.builtin.file:
        path: '{{ item.0.value[4] }}'
        owner: '{{ item.0.value[1] }}'
      loop: '{{ local_users|zip(path_exists.results)|list }}'
      when: item.1.stat is defined and item.1.stat.exists
      tags:
      - file_ownership_home_directories
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    
    awk -F':' '{ if ($3 >= 1000 && $3 != 65534) system("chown -f " $3" "$6) }' /etc/passwd
    
    Group   GRUB2 bootloader configuration   Group contains 1 group and 4 rules
    [ref]   During the boot process, the boot loader is responsible for starting the execution of the kernel and passing options to it. The boot loader allows for the selection of different kernels - possibly on different partitions or media. The default OpenEmbedded boot loader for x86 systems is called GRUB2. Options it can pass to the kernel include single-user mode, which provides root access without any authentication, and the ability to disable SELinux. To prevent local users from modifying the boot parameters and endangering security, protect the boot loader configuration with a password and ensure its configuration file's permissions are set properly.
    Group   Non-UEFI GRUB2 bootloader configuration   Group contains 4 rules
    [ref]   Non-UEFI GRUB2 bootloader configuration

    Rule   Verify /boot/grub2/grub.cfg Group Ownership   [ref]

    The file /boot/grub2/grub.cfg should be group-owned by the root group to prevent destruction or modification of the file. To properly set the group owner of /boot/grub2/grub.cfg, run the command:
    $ sudo chgrp root /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
    Rationale:
    The root group is a highly-privileged group. Furthermore, the group-owner of this file should not have any access privileges anyway.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_grub2_cfg
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cjis5.5.2.2
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    cui3.4.5
    disaCCI-000366
    hipaa164.308(a)(1)(ii)(B), 164.308(a)(7)(i), 164.308(a)(7)(ii)(A), 164.310(a)(1), 164.310(a)(2)(i), 164.310(a)(2)(ii), 164.310(a)(2)(iii), 164.310(b), 164.310(c), 164.310(d)(1), 164.310(d)(2)(iii)
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    pcidssReq-7.1
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR29
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.5.2.2
      - NIST-800-171-3.4.5
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-7.1
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_grub2_cfg
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Test for existence /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
      stat:
        path: /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
      register: file_exists
      when:
      - '"/boot/efi" not in ansible_mounts | map(attribute="mount") | list'
      - '"grub2-common" in ansible_facts.packages'
      - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.5.2.2
      - NIST-800-171-3.4.5
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-7.1
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_grub2_cfg
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure group owner 0 on /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
      file:
        path: /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
        group: '0'
      when:
      - '"/boot/efi" not in ansible_mounts | map(attribute="mount") | list'
      - '"grub2-common" in ansible_facts.packages'
      - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
      - file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.5.2.2
      - NIST-800-171-3.4.5
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-7.1
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_grub2_cfg
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if [ ! -d /sys/firmware/efi ] && rpm --quiet -q grub2-common && { [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; }; then
    
    chgrp 0 /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Verify /boot/grub2/grub.cfg User Ownership   [ref]

    The file /boot/grub2/grub.cfg should be owned by the root user to prevent destruction or modification of the file. To properly set the owner of /boot/grub2/grub.cfg, run the command:
    $ sudo chown root /boot/grub2/grub.cfg 
    Rationale:
    Only root should be able to modify important boot parameters.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_grub2_cfg
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cjis5.5.2.2
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    cui3.4.5
    disaCCI-000366
    hipaa164.308(a)(1)(ii)(B), 164.308(a)(7)(i), 164.308(a)(7)(ii)(A), 164.310(a)(1), 164.310(a)(2)(i), 164.310(a)(2)(ii), 164.310(a)(2)(iii), 164.310(b), 164.310(c), 164.310(d)(1), 164.310(d)(2)(iii)
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    pcidssReq-7.1
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR29
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.5.2.2
      - NIST-800-171-3.4.5
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-7.1
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_grub2_cfg
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Test for existence /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
      stat:
        path: /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
      register: file_exists
      when:
      - '"/boot/efi" not in ansible_mounts | map(attribute="mount") | list'
      - '"grub2-common" in ansible_facts.packages'
      - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.5.2.2
      - NIST-800-171-3.4.5
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-7.1
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_grub2_cfg
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure owner 0 on /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
      file:
        path: /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
        owner: '0'
      when:
      - '"/boot/efi" not in ansible_mounts | map(attribute="mount") | list'
      - '"grub2-common" in ansible_facts.packages'
      - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
      - file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.5.2.2
      - NIST-800-171-3.4.5
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-7.1
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_grub2_cfg
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if [ ! -d /sys/firmware/efi ] && rpm --quiet -q grub2-common && { [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; }; then
    
    chown 0 /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Verify /boot/grub2/grub.cfg Permissions   [ref]

    File permissions for /boot/grub2/grub.cfg should be set to 600. To properly set the permissions of /boot/grub2/grub.cfg, run the command:
    $ sudo chmod 600 /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
    Rationale:
    Proper permissions ensure that only the root user can modify important boot parameters.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_grub2_cfg
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    cui3.4.5
    disaCCI-000225
    hipaa164.308(a)(1)(ii)(B), 164.308(a)(7)(i), 164.308(a)(7)(ii)(A), 164.310(a)(1), 164.310(a)(2)(i), 164.310(a)(2)(ii), 164.310(a)(2)(iii), 164.310(b), 164.310(c), 164.310(d)(1), 164.310(d)(2)(iii)
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    anssiR29
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.4.5
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_grub2_cfg
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Test for existence /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
      stat:
        path: /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
      register: file_exists
      when:
      - '"/boot/efi" not in ansible_mounts | map(attribute="mount") | list'
      - '"grub2-common" in ansible_facts.packages'
      - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.4.5
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_grub2_cfg
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure permission u-xs,g-xwrs,o-xwrt on /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
      file:
        path: /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
        mode: u-xs,g-xwrs,o-xwrt
      when:
      - '"/boot/efi" not in ansible_mounts | map(attribute="mount") | list'
      - '"grub2-common" in ansible_facts.packages'
      - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
      - file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.4.5
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_grub2_cfg
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if [ ! -d /sys/firmware/efi ] && rpm --quiet -q grub2-common && { [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; }; then
    
    chmod u-xs,g-xwrs,o-xwrt /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Set Boot Loader Password in grub2   [ref]

    The grub2 boot loader should have a superuser account and password protection enabled to protect boot-time settings.

    Since plaintext passwords are a security risk, generate a hash for the password by running the following command:
    # grub2-setpassword
    When prompted, enter the password that was selected.

    Warning:  To prevent hard-coded passwords, automatic remediation of this control is not available. Remediation must be automated as a component of machine provisioning, or followed manually as outlined above. Also, do NOT manually add the superuser account and password to the grub.cfg file as the grub2-mkconfig command overwrites this file.
    Rationale:
    Password protection on the boot loader configuration ensures users with physical access cannot trivially alter important bootloader settings. These include which kernel to use, and whether to enter single-user mode.
    Severity: 
    high
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_grub2_password
    References:
    cis-csc1, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS05.10, DSS06.03, DSS06.06, DSS06.10
    cui3.4.5
    disaCCI-000213
    hipaa164.308(a)(1)(ii)(B), 164.308(a)(7)(i), 164.308(a)(7)(ii)(A), 164.310(a)(1), 164.310(a)(2)(i), 164.310(a)(2)(ii), 164.310(a)(2)(iii), 164.310(b), 164.310(c), 164.310(d)(1), 164.310(d)(2)(iii)
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.2.2, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7
    iso27001-2013A.18.1.4, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.2.4, A.9.2.6, A.9.3.1, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-6(a)
    nist-csfPR.AC-1, PR.AC-4, PR.AC-6, PR.AC-7, PR.PT-3
    os-srgSRG-OS-000080-GPOS-00048
    anssiR5
    Group   Configure Syslog   Group contains 1 group and 3 rules
    [ref]   The syslog service has been the default Unix logging mechanism for many years. It has a number of downsides, including inconsistent log format, lack of authentication for received messages, and lack of authentication, encryption, or reliable transport for messages sent over a network. However, due to its long history, syslog is a de facto standard which is supported by almost all Unix applications.

    In OpenEmbedded, rsyslog has replaced ksyslogd as the syslog daemon of choice, and it includes some additional security features such as reliable, connection-oriented (i.e. TCP) transmission of logs, the option to log to database formats, and the encryption of log data en route to a central logging server. This section discusses how to configure rsyslog for best effect, and how to use tools provided with the system to maintain and monitor logs.
    Group   systemd-journald   Group contains 3 rules
    [ref]   systemd-journald is a system service that collects and stores logging data. It creates and maintains structured, indexed journals based on logging information that is received from a variety of sources. For more information on systemd-journald and additional systemd-journald configuration options, see https://systemd.io/.

    Rule   Ensure journald is configured to compress large log files   [ref]

    The journald system can compress large log files to avoid fill the system disk.
    Rationale:
    Log files that are not properly compressed run the risk of growing so large that they fill up the log partition. Valuable logging information could be lost if the log partition becomes full.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_journald_compress

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - journald_compress
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Setting unquoted shell-style assignment of 'Compress' to 'yes' in '/etc/systemd/journald.conf'
      block:
    
      - name: Check for duplicate values
        lineinfile:
          path: /etc/systemd/journald.conf
          create: true
          regexp: (?i)^\s*Compress=
          state: absent
        check_mode: true
        changed_when: false
        register: dupes
    
      - name: Deduplicate values from /etc/systemd/journald.conf
        lineinfile:
          path: /etc/systemd/journald.conf
          create: true
          regexp: (?i)^\s*Compress=
          state: absent
        when: dupes.found is defined and dupes.found > 1
    
      - name: Insert correct line to /etc/systemd/journald.conf
        lineinfile:
          path: /etc/systemd/journald.conf
          create: true
          regexp: (?i)^\s*Compress=
          line: Compress=yes
          state: present
          insertbefore: ^# Compress
          validate: /usr/bin/bash -n %s
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - journald_compress
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    if [ -e "/etc/systemd/journald.conf" ] ; then
        
        LC_ALL=C sed -i "/^\s*Compress\s*=\s*/d" "/etc/systemd/journald.conf"
    else
        touch "/etc/systemd/journald.conf"
    fi
    # make sure file has newline at the end
    sed -i -e '$a\' "/etc/systemd/journald.conf"
    
    cp "/etc/systemd/journald.conf" "/etc/systemd/journald.conf.bak"
    # Insert before the line matching the regex '^#\s*Compress'.
    line_number="$(LC_ALL=C grep -n "^#\s*Compress" "/etc/systemd/journald.conf.bak" | LC_ALL=C sed 's/:.*//g')"
    if [ -z "$line_number" ]; then
        # There was no match of '^#\s*Compress', insert at
        # the end of the file.
        printf '%s\n' "Compress=yes" >> "/etc/systemd/journald.conf"
    else
        head -n "$(( line_number - 1 ))" "/etc/systemd/journald.conf.bak" > "/etc/systemd/journald.conf"
        printf '%s\n' "Compress=yes" >> "/etc/systemd/journald.conf"
        tail -n "+$(( line_number ))" "/etc/systemd/journald.conf.bak" >> "/etc/systemd/journald.conf"
    fi
    # Clean up after ourselves.
    rm "/etc/systemd/journald.conf.bak"
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Ensure journald is configured to send logs to rsyslog   [ref]

    Data from journald may be stored in volatile memory or persisted locally. Utilities exist to accept remote export of journald logs.
    Rationale:
    Storing log data on a remote host protects log integrity from local attacks. If an attacker gains root access on the local system, they could tamper with or remove log data that is stored on the local system.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_journald_forward_to_syslog

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - journald_forward_to_syslog
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Setting unquoted shell-style assignment of 'ForwardToSyslog' to 'yes' in '/etc/systemd/journald.conf'
      block:
    
      - name: Check for duplicate values
        lineinfile:
          path: /etc/systemd/journald.conf
          create: true
          regexp: (?i)^\s*ForwardToSyslog=
          state: absent
        check_mode: true
        changed_when: false
        register: dupes
    
      - name: Deduplicate values from /etc/systemd/journald.conf
        lineinfile:
          path: /etc/systemd/journald.conf
          create: true
          regexp: (?i)^\s*ForwardToSyslog=
          state: absent
        when: dupes.found is defined and dupes.found > 1
    
      - name: Insert correct line to /etc/systemd/journald.conf
        lineinfile:
          path: /etc/systemd/journald.conf
          create: true
          regexp: (?i)^\s*ForwardToSyslog=
          line: ForwardToSyslog=yes
          state: present
          insertbefore: ^# ForwardToSyslog
          validate: /usr/bin/bash -n %s
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - journald_forward_to_syslog
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    if [ -e "/etc/systemd/journald.conf" ] ; then
        
        LC_ALL=C sed -i "/^\s*ForwardToSyslog\s*=\s*/d" "/etc/systemd/journald.conf"
    else
        touch "/etc/systemd/journald.conf"
    fi
    # make sure file has newline at the end
    sed -i -e '$a\' "/etc/systemd/journald.conf"
    
    cp "/etc/systemd/journald.conf" "/etc/systemd/journald.conf.bak"
    # Insert before the line matching the regex '^#\s*ForwardToSyslog'.
    line_number="$(LC_ALL=C grep -n "^#\s*ForwardToSyslog" "/etc/systemd/journald.conf.bak" | LC_ALL=C sed 's/:.*//g')"
    if [ -z "$line_number" ]; then
        # There was no match of '^#\s*ForwardToSyslog', insert at
        # the end of the file.
        printf '%s\n' "ForwardToSyslog=yes" >> "/etc/systemd/journald.conf"
    else
        head -n "$(( line_number - 1 ))" "/etc/systemd/journald.conf.bak" > "/etc/systemd/journald.conf"
        printf '%s\n' "ForwardToSyslog=yes" >> "/etc/systemd/journald.conf"
        tail -n "+$(( line_number ))" "/etc/systemd/journald.conf.bak" >> "/etc/systemd/journald.conf"
    fi
    # Clean up after ourselves.
    rm "/etc/systemd/journald.conf.bak"
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Ensure journald is configured to write log files to persistent disk   [ref]

    The journald system may store log files in volatile memory or locally on disk. If the logs are only stored in volatile memory they will we lost upon reboot.
    Rationale:
    Log files contain valuable data and need to be persistent to aid in possible investigations.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_journald_storage

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - journald_storage
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Setting unquoted shell-style assignment of 'Storage' to 'persistent' in '/etc/systemd/journald.conf'
      block:
    
      - name: Check for duplicate values
        lineinfile:
          path: /etc/systemd/journald.conf
          create: true
          regexp: (?i)^\s*Storage=
          state: absent
        check_mode: true
        changed_when: false
        register: dupes
    
      - name: Deduplicate values from /etc/systemd/journald.conf
        lineinfile:
          path: /etc/systemd/journald.conf
          create: true
          regexp: (?i)^\s*Storage=
          state: absent
        when: dupes.found is defined and dupes.found > 1
    
      - name: Insert correct line to /etc/systemd/journald.conf
        lineinfile:
          path: /etc/systemd/journald.conf
          create: true
          regexp: (?i)^\s*Storage=
          line: Storage=persistent
          state: present
          insertbefore: ^# Storage
          validate: /usr/bin/bash -n %s
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - journald_storage
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    if [ -e "/etc/systemd/journald.conf" ] ; then
        
        LC_ALL=C sed -i "/^\s*Storage\s*=\s*/d" "/etc/systemd/journald.conf"
    else
        touch "/etc/systemd/journald.conf"
    fi
    # make sure file has newline at the end
    sed -i -e '$a\' "/etc/systemd/journald.conf"
    
    cp "/etc/systemd/journald.conf" "/etc/systemd/journald.conf.bak"
    # Insert before the line matching the regex '^#\s*Storage'.
    line_number="$(LC_ALL=C grep -n "^#\s*Storage" "/etc/systemd/journald.conf.bak" | LC_ALL=C sed 's/:.*//g')"
    if [ -z "$line_number" ]; then
        # There was no match of '^#\s*Storage', insert at
        # the end of the file.
        printf '%s\n' "Storage=persistent" >> "/etc/systemd/journald.conf"
    else
        head -n "$(( line_number - 1 ))" "/etc/systemd/journald.conf.bak" > "/etc/systemd/journald.conf"
        printf '%s\n' "Storage=persistent" >> "/etc/systemd/journald.conf"
        tail -n "+$(( line_number ))" "/etc/systemd/journald.conf.bak" >> "/etc/systemd/journald.conf"
    fi
    # Clean up after ourselves.
    rm "/etc/systemd/journald.conf.bak"
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    
    Group   Network Configuration and Firewalls   Group contains 11 groups and 29 rules
    [ref]   Most systems must be connected to a network of some sort, and this brings with it the substantial risk of network attack. This section discusses the security impact of decisions about networking which must be made when configuring a system.

    This section also discusses firewalls, network access controls, and other network security frameworks, which allow system-level rules to be written that can limit an attackers' ability to connect to your system. These rules can specify that network traffic should be allowed or denied from certain IP addresses, hosts, and networks. The rules can also specify which of the system's network services are available to particular hosts or networks.
    Group   firewalld   Group contains 1 group and 2 rules
    [ref]   The dynamic firewall daemon firewalld provides a dynamically managed firewall with support for network “zones” to assign a level of trust to a network and its associated connections and interfaces. It has support for IPv4 and IPv6 firewall settings. It supports Ethernet bridges and has a separation of runtime and permanent configuration options. It also has an interface for services or applications to add firewall rules directly.
    A graphical configuration tool, firewall-config, is used to configure firewalld, which in turn uses iptables tool to communicate with Netfilter in the kernel which implements packet filtering.
    The firewall service provided by firewalld is dynamic rather than static because changes to the configuration can be made at anytime and are immediately implemented. There is no need to save or apply the changes. No unintended disruption of existing network connections occurs as no part of the firewall has to be reloaded.
    Group   Inspect and Activate Default firewalld Rules   Group contains 2 rules
    [ref]   Firewalls can be used to separate networks into different zones based on the level of trust the user has decided to place on the devices and traffic within that network. NetworkManager informs firewalld to which zone an interface belongs. An interface's assigned zone can be changed by NetworkManager or via the firewall-config tool.
    The zone settings in /etc/firewalld/ are a range of preset settings which can be quickly applied to a network interface. These are the zones provided by firewalld sorted according to the default trust level of the zones from untrusted to trusted:
    • drop

      Any incoming network packets are dropped, there is no reply. Only outgoing network connections are possible.

    • block

      Any incoming network connections are rejected with an icmp-host-prohibited message for IPv4 and icmp6-adm-prohibited for IPv6. Only network connections initiated from within the system are possible.

    • public

      For use in public areas. You do not trust the other computers on the network to not harm your computer. Only selected incoming connections are accepted.

    • external

      For use on external networks with masquerading enabled especially for routers. You do not trust the other computers on the network to not harm your computer. Only selected incoming connections are accepted.

    • dmz

      For computers in your demilitarized zone that are publicly-accessible with limited access to your internal network. Only selected incoming connections are accepted.

    • work

      For use in work areas. You mostly trust the other computers on networks to not harm your computer. Only selected incoming connections are accepted.

    • home

      For use in home areas. You mostly trust the other computers on networks to not harm your computer. Only selected incoming connections are accepted.

    • internal

      For use on internal networks. You mostly trust the other computers on the networks to not harm your computer. Only selected incoming connections are accepted.

    • trusted

      All network connections are accepted.


    It is possible to designate one of these zones to be the default zone. When interface connections are added to NetworkManager, they are assigned to the default zone. On installation, the default zone in firewalld is set to be the public zone.
    To find out all the settings of a zone, for example the public zone, enter the following command as root:
    # firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-all
    Example output of this command might look like the following:
    # firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-all
    public
      interfaces:
      services: mdns dhcpv6-client ssh
      ports:
      forward-ports:
      icmp-blocks: source-quench
    
    To view the network zones currently active, enter the following command as root:
    # firewall-cmd --get-service
    The following listing displays the result of this command on common OpenEmbedded system:
    # firewall-cmd --get-service
    amanda-client bacula bacula-client dhcp dhcpv6 dhcpv6-client dns ftp
    high-availability http https imaps ipp ipp-client ipsec kerberos kpasswd
    ldap ldaps libvirt libvirt-tls mdns mountd ms-wbt mysql nfs ntp openvpn
    pmcd pmproxy pmwebapi pmwebapis pop3s postgresql proxy-dhcp radius rpc-bind
    samba samba-client smtp ssh telnet tftp tftp-client transmission-client
    vnc-server wbem-https
    
    Finally to view the network zones that will be active after the next firewalld service reload, enter the following command as root:
    # firewall-cmd --get-service --permanent

    Rule   Install firewalld Package   [ref]

    The firewalld package can be installed with the following command:
    $ sudo dnf install firewalld
    Rationale:
    "Firewalld" provides an easy and effective way to block/limit remote access to the system via ports, services, and protocols. Remote access services, such as those providing remote access to network devices and information systems, which lack automated control capabilities, increase risk and make remote user access management difficult at best. Remote access is access to DoD nonpublic information systems by an authorized user (or an information system) communicating through an external, non-organization-controlled network. Remote access methods include, for example, dial-up, broadband, and wireless. OpenEmbedded functionality (e.g., SSH) must be capable of taking enforcement action if the audit reveals unauthorized activity. Automated control of remote access sessions allows organizations to ensure ongoing compliance with remote access policies by enforcing connection rules of remote access applications on a variety of information system components (e.g., servers, workstations, notebook computers, smartphones, and tablets)."
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_firewalld_installed
    References:
    disaCCI-000382, CCI-000366, CCI-002314, CCI-002322
    nistCM-6(a)
    osppFMT_SMF_EXT.1
    os-srgSRG-OS-000096-GPOS-00050, SRG-OS-000297-GPOS-00115, SRG-OS-000298-GPOS-00116, SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227, SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00232
    pcidss41.2.1, 1.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:enable
    include install_firewalld
    
    class install_firewalld {
      package { 'firewalld':
        ensure => 'installed',
      }
    }
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:enable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.2.1
      - enable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - package_firewalld_installed
    
    - name: Ensure firewalld is installed
      package:
        name: firewalld
        state: present
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.2.1
      - enable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - package_firewalld_installed
    

    
    [[packages]]
    name = "firewalld"
    version = "*"
    

    Rule   Verify firewalld Enabled   [ref]

    The firewalld service can be enabled with the following command:
    $ sudo systemctl enable firewalld.service
    Rationale:
    Access control methods provide the ability to enhance system security posture by restricting services and known good IP addresses and address ranges. This prevents connections from unknown hosts and protocols.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_firewalld_enabled
    References:
    cis-csc11, 3, 9
    cobit5BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05
    cui3.1.3, 3.4.7
    disaCCI-000382, CCI-000366, CCI-002314
    isa-62443-20094.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4
    nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R4, CIP-003-8 R5, CIP-004-6 R3
    nistAC-4, CM-7(b), CA-3(5), SC-7(21), CM-6(a)
    nist-csfPR.IP-1
    osppFMT_SMF_EXT.1
    os-srgSRG-OS-000096-GPOS-00050, SRG-OS-000297-GPOS-00115, SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227, SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00231, SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00232
    bsiSYS.1.6.A5, SYS.1.6.A21
    pcidss41.2.1, 1.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:enable
    include enable_firewalld
    
    class enable_firewalld {
      service {'firewalld':
        enable => true,
        ensure => 'running',
      }
    }
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:enable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.3
      - NIST-800-171-3.4.7
      - NIST-800-53-AC-4
      - NIST-800-53-CA-3(5)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(21)
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.2.1
      - enable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - service_firewalld_enabled
    
    - name: Verify firewalld Enabled - Enable service firewalld
      block:
    
      - name: Gather the package facts
        package_facts:
          manager: auto
    
      - name: Verify firewalld Enabled - Enable Service firewalld
        ansible.builtin.systemd:
          name: firewalld
          enabled: true
          state: started
          masked: false
        when:
        - '"firewalld" in ansible_facts.packages'
      when:
      - '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      - '"firewalld" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.3
      - NIST-800-171-3.4.7
      - NIST-800-53-AC-4
      - NIST-800-53-CA-3(5)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(21)
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.2.1
      - enable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - service_firewalld_enabled
    

    
    [customizations.services]
    enabled = ["firewalld"]
    
    Group   iptables and ip6tables   Group contains 1 rule
    [ref]   A host-based firewall called netfilter is included as part of the Linux kernel distributed with the system. It is activated by default. This firewall is controlled by the program iptables, and the entire capability is frequently referred to by this name. An analogous program called ip6tables handles filtering for IPv6.

    Unlike TCP Wrappers, which depends on the network server program to support and respect the rules written, netfilter filtering occurs at the kernel level, before a program can even process the data from the network packet. As such, any program on the system is affected by the rules written.

    This section provides basic information about strengthening the iptables and ip6tables configurations included with the system. For more complete information that may allow the construction of a sophisticated ruleset tailored to your environment, please consult the references at the end of this section.

    Rule   Install iptables Package   [ref]

    The iptables package can be installed with the following command:
    $ sudo dnf install iptables
    Rationale:
    iptables controls the Linux kernel network packet filtering code. iptables allows system operators to set up firewalls and IP masquerading, etc.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_iptables_installed
    References:
    nistCM-6(a)
    pcidssReq-1.4.1
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:enable
    include install_iptables
    
    class install_iptables {
      package { 'iptables':
        ensure => 'installed',
      }
    }
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:enable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.1
      - enable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - package_iptables_installed
    
    - name: Ensure iptables is installed
      package:
        name: iptables
        state: present
      when: ( "kernel" in ansible_facts.packages )
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.1
      - enable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - package_iptables_installed
    

    
    [[packages]]
    name = "iptables"
    version = "*"
    
    Group   IPv6   Group contains 1 group and 7 rules
    [ref]   The system includes support for Internet Protocol version 6. A major and often-mentioned improvement over IPv4 is its enormous increase in the number of available addresses. Another important feature is its support for automatic configuration of many network settings.
    Group   Configure IPv6 Settings if Necessary   Group contains 7 rules
    [ref]   A major feature of IPv6 is the extent to which systems implementing it can automatically configure their networking devices using information from the network. From a security perspective, manually configuring important configuration information is preferable to accepting it from the network in an unauthenticated fashion.

    Rule   Configure Accepting Router Advertisements on All IPv6 Interfaces   [ref]

    To set the runtime status of the net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra kernel parameter, run the following command:
    $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra=0
    To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:
    net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra = 0
    Rationale:
    An illicit router advertisement message could result in a man-in-the-middle attack.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_accept_ra
    References:
    cis-csc11, 14, 3, 9
    cobit5BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.05, DSS06.06
    cui3.1.20
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.9.1.2
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a)
    nist-csfPR.IP-1, PR.PT-3
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:true
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_accept_ra
    
    - name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
      find:
        paths:
        - /etc/sysctl.d/
        - /run/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/lib/sysctl.d/
        contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra.*$
        patterns: '*.conf'
        file_type: any
      register: find_sysctl_d
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_accept_ra
    
    - name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra from config files
      replace:
        path: '{{ item.path }}'
        regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra
        replace: '#net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra'
      loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_accept_ra
    - name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_accept_ra_value # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_accept_ra_value: !!str 0
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra is set
      sysctl:
        name: net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra
        value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_accept_ra_value }}'
        sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.conf
        state: present
        reload: true
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_accept_ra
    

    Rule   Disable Accepting ICMP Redirects for All IPv6 Interfaces   [ref]

    To set the runtime status of the net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command:
    $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects=0
    To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:
    net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
    Rationale:
    An illicit ICMP redirect message could result in a man-in-the-middle attack.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_accept_redirects
    References:
    cis-csc11, 14, 3, 9
    cobit5BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.05, DSS06.06
    cui3.1.20
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.9.1.2
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a), CM-6(b), CM-6.1(iv)
    nist-csfPR.IP-1, PR.PT-3
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR13

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:true
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(b)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6.1(iv)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_accept_redirects
    
    - name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
      find:
        paths:
        - /etc/sysctl.d/
        - /run/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/lib/sysctl.d/
        contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects.*$
        patterns: '*.conf'
        file_type: any
      register: find_sysctl_d
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(b)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6.1(iv)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_accept_redirects
    
    - name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects from config
        files
      replace:
        path: '{{ item.path }}'
        regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects
        replace: '#net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects'
      loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(b)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6.1(iv)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_accept_redirects
    - name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_accept_redirects_value # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_accept_redirects_value: !!str 0
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects is set
      sysctl:
        name: net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects
        value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_accept_redirects_value }}'
        sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.conf
        state: present
        reload: true
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(b)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6.1(iv)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_accept_redirects
    

    Rule   Disable Kernel Parameter for Accepting Source-Routed Packets on all IPv6 Interfaces   [ref]

    To set the runtime status of the net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route kernel parameter, run the following command:
    $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route=0
    To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:
    net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
    Rationale:
    Source-routed packets allow the source of the packet to suggest routers forward the packet along a different path than configured on the router, which can be used to bypass network security measures. This requirement applies only to the forwarding of source-routerd traffic, such as when IPv6 forwarding is enabled and the system is functioning as a router.

    Accepting source-routed packets in the IPv6 protocol has few legitimate uses. It should be disabled unless it is absolutely required.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_accept_source_route
    References:
    cis-csc1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 4, 6, 8, 9
    cobit5APO01.06, APO13.01, DSS01.05, DSS03.01, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    cui3.1.20
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.2.3.4, 4.3.3.4, 4.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 7.1, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.12.1.1, A.12.1.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.2, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.2, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a)
    nist-csfDE.AE-1, ID.AM-3, PR.AC-5, PR.DS-5, PR.PT-4
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR13

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:true
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_accept_source_route
    
    - name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
      find:
        paths:
        - /etc/sysctl.d/
        - /run/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/lib/sysctl.d/
        contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route.*$
        patterns: '*.conf'
        file_type: any
      register: find_sysctl_d
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_accept_source_route
    
    - name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route from
        config files
      replace:
        path: '{{ item.path }}'
        regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route
        replace: '#net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route'
      loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_accept_source_route
    - name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_accept_source_route_value # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_accept_source_route_value: !!str 0
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route is set
      sysctl:
        name: net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route
        value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_accept_source_route_value }}'
        sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.conf
        state: present
        reload: true
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_accept_source_route
    

    Rule   Disable Kernel Parameter for IPv6 Forwarding   [ref]

    To set the runtime status of the net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding kernel parameter, run the following command:
    $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=0
    To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:
    net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 0
    Rationale:
    IP forwarding permits the kernel to forward packets from one network interface to another. The ability to forward packets between two networks is only appropriate for systems acting as routers.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_forwarding
    References:
    cis-csc1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9
    cobit5APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.06
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.9.1.2
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a), CM-6(b), CM-6.1(iv)
    nist-csfDE.CM-1, PR.DS-4, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:true
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(b)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6.1(iv)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_forwarding
    
    - name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
      find:
        paths:
        - /etc/sysctl.d/
        - /run/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/lib/sysctl.d/
        contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding.*$
        patterns: '*.conf'
        file_type: any
      register: find_sysctl_d
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(b)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6.1(iv)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_forwarding
    
    - name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding from config files
      replace:
        path: '{{ item.path }}'
        regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding
        replace: '#net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding'
      loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(b)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6.1(iv)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_forwarding
    - name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_forwarding_value # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_forwarding_value: !!str 0
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding is set
      sysctl:
        name: net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding
        value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_forwarding_value }}'
        sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.conf
        state: present
        reload: true
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(b)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6.1(iv)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_all_forwarding
    

    Rule   Disable Accepting Router Advertisements on all IPv6 Interfaces by Default   [ref]

    To set the runtime status of the net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra kernel parameter, run the following command:
    $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra=0
    To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:
    net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra = 0
    Rationale:
    An illicit router advertisement message could result in a man-in-the-middle attack.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_ra
    References:
    cis-csc11, 14, 3, 9
    cobit5BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.05, DSS06.06
    cui3.1.20
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.9.1.2
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a)
    nist-csfPR.IP-1, PR.PT-3
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:true
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_ra
    
    - name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
      find:
        paths:
        - /etc/sysctl.d/
        - /run/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/lib/sysctl.d/
        contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra.*$
        patterns: '*.conf'
        file_type: any
      register: find_sysctl_d
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_ra
    
    - name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra from config
        files
      replace:
        path: '{{ item.path }}'
        regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra
        replace: '#net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra'
      loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_ra
    - name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_ra_value # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_ra_value: !!str 0
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra is set
      sysctl:
        name: net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra
        value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_ra_value }}'
        sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.conf
        state: present
        reload: true
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_ra
    

    Rule   Disable Kernel Parameter for Accepting ICMP Redirects by Default on IPv6 Interfaces   [ref]

    To set the runtime status of the net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command:
    $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects=0
    To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:
    net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
    Rationale:
    An illicit ICMP redirect message could result in a man-in-the-middle attack.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_redirects
    References:
    cis-csc11, 14, 3, 9
    cobit5BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.05, DSS06.06
    cui3.1.20
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.9.1.2
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a)
    nist-csfPR.IP-1, PR.PT-3
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR13

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:true
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_redirects
    
    - name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
      find:
        paths:
        - /etc/sysctl.d/
        - /run/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/lib/sysctl.d/
        contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects.*$
        patterns: '*.conf'
        file_type: any
      register: find_sysctl_d
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_redirects
    
    - name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects from
        config files
      replace:
        path: '{{ item.path }}'
        regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects
        replace: '#net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects'
      loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_redirects
    - name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_redirects_value # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_redirects_value: !!str 0
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects is set
      sysctl:
        name: net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects
        value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_redirects_value }}'
        sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.conf
        state: present
        reload: true
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_redirects
    

    Rule   Disable Kernel Parameter for Accepting Source-Routed Packets on IPv6 Interfaces by Default   [ref]

    To set the runtime status of the net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route kernel parameter, run the following command:
    $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route=0
    To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:
    net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
    Rationale:
    Source-routed packets allow the source of the packet to suggest routers forward the packet along a different path than configured on the router, which can be used to bypass network security measures. This requirement applies only to the forwarding of source-routerd traffic, such as when IPv6 forwarding is enabled and the system is functioning as a router. Accepting source-routed packets in the IPv6 protocol has few legitimate uses. It should be disabled unless it is absolutely required.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_source_route
    References:
    cis-csc1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 4, 6, 8, 9
    cobit5APO01.06, APO13.01, DSS01.05, DSS03.01, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    cui3.1.20
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.2.3.4, 4.3.3.4, 4.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 7.1, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.12.1.1, A.12.1.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.2, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.2, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a), CM-6(b), CM-6.1(iv)
    nist-csfDE.AE-1, ID.AM-3, PR.AC-5, PR.DS-5, PR.PT-4
    pcidssReq-1.4.3
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR13
    pcidss41.4.2, 1.4

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:true
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(b)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6.1(iv)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.2
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_source_route
    
    - name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
      find:
        paths:
        - /etc/sysctl.d/
        - /run/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/lib/sysctl.d/
        contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route.*$
        patterns: '*.conf'
        file_type: any
      register: find_sysctl_d
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(b)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6.1(iv)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.2
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_source_route
    
    - name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route from
        config files
      replace:
        path: '{{ item.path }}'
        regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route
        replace: '#net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route'
      loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(b)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6.1(iv)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.2
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_source_route
    - name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_source_route_value # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_source_route_value: !!str 0
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route is set
      sysctl:
        name: net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route
        value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_source_route_value }}'
        sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.conf
        state: present
        reload: true
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(b)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6.1(iv)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.2
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_source_route
    
    Group   Kernel Parameters Which Affect Networking   Group contains 2 groups and 16 rules
    [ref]   The sysctl utility is used to set parameters which affect the operation of the Linux kernel. Kernel parameters which affect networking and have security implications are described here.
    Group   Network Related Kernel Runtime Parameters for Hosts and Routers   Group contains 13 rules
    [ref]   Certain kernel parameters should be set for systems which are acting as either hosts or routers to improve the system's ability defend against certain types of IPv4 protocol attacks.

    Rule   Disable Accepting ICMP Redirects for All IPv4 Interfaces   [ref]

    To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command:
    $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects=0
    To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:
    net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
    Rationale:
    ICMP redirect messages are used by routers to inform hosts that a more direct route exists for a particular destination. These messages modify the host's route table and are unauthenticated. An illicit ICMP redirect message could result in a man-in-the-middle attack.
    This feature of the IPv4 protocol has few legitimate uses. It should be disabled unless absolutely required."
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_redirects
    References:
    cis-csc1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9
    cjis5.10.1.1
    cobit5APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.06
    cui3.1.20
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.9.1.2
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a), SC-7(a)
    nist-csfDE.CM-1, PR.DS-4, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR12

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:true
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_redirects
    
    - name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
      find:
        paths:
        - /etc/sysctl.d/
        - /run/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/lib/sysctl.d/
        contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects.*$
        patterns: '*.conf'
        file_type: any
      register: find_sysctl_d
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_redirects
    
    - name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects from config
        files
      replace:
        path: '{{ item.path }}'
        regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects
        replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects'
      loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_redirects
    - name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_redirects_value # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_redirects_value: !!str 0
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects is set
      sysctl:
        name: net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects
        value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_redirects_value }}'
        sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.conf
        state: present
        reload: true
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_redirects
    

    Rule   Disable Kernel Parameter for Accepting Source-Routed Packets on all IPv4 Interfaces   [ref]

    To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route kernel parameter, run the following command:
    $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route=0
    To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:
    net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
    Rationale:
    Source-routed packets allow the source of the packet to suggest routers forward the packet along a different path than configured on the router, which can be used to bypass network security measures. This requirement applies only to the forwarding of source-routerd traffic, such as when IPv4 forwarding is enabled and the system is functioning as a router.

    Accepting source-routed packets in the IPv4 protocol has few legitimate uses. It should be disabled unless it is absolutely required.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route
    References:
    cis-csc1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
    cobit5APO01.06, APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS01.05, DSS03.01, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.02, DSS06.06
    cui3.1.20
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.2.3.4, 4.3.3.4, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3, 4.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.12.1.1, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.2, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.2, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nerc-cipCIP-007-3 R4, CIP-007-3 R4.1, CIP-007-3 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), SC-5, CM-6(a), SC-7(a)
    nist-csfDE.AE-1, DE.CM-1, ID.AM-3, PR.AC-5, PR.DS-4, PR.DS-5, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR12

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:true
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route
    
    - name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
      find:
        paths:
        - /etc/sysctl.d/
        - /run/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/lib/sysctl.d/
        contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route.*$
        patterns: '*.conf'
        file_type: any
      register: find_sysctl_d
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route
    
    - name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route from
        config files
      replace:
        path: '{{ item.path }}'
        regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route
        replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route'
      loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route
    - name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route_value # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route_value: !!str 0
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route is set
      sysctl:
        name: net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route
        value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route_value }}'
        sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.conf
        state: present
        reload: true
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route
    

    Rule   Enable Kernel Parameter to Log Martian Packets on all IPv4 Interfaces   [ref]

    To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians kernel parameter, run the following command:
    $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians=1
    To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:
    net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1
    Rationale:
    The presence of "martian" packets (which have impossible addresses) as well as spoofed packets, source-routed packets, and redirects could be a sign of nefarious network activity. Logging these packets enables this activity to be detected.
    Severity: 
    unknown
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians
    References:
    cis-csc1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9
    cobit5APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS01.04, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.03, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.06
    cui3.1.20
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.11.2.6, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.2.1, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.6.2.1, A.6.2.2, A.9.1.2
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), SC-5(3)(a)
    nist-csfDE.CM-1, PR.AC-3, PR.DS-4, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:true
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians
      - unknown_severity
    
    - name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
      find:
        paths:
        - /etc/sysctl.d/
        - /run/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/lib/sysctl.d/
        contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians.*$
        patterns: '*.conf'
        file_type: any
      register: find_sysctl_d
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians
      - unknown_severity
    
    - name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians from config
        files
      replace:
        path: '{{ item.path }}'
        regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians
        replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians'
      loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians
      - unknown_severity
    - name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians_value # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians_value: !!str 1
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians is set
      sysctl:
        name: net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians
        value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians_value }}'
        sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.conf
        state: present
        reload: true
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians
      - unknown_severity
    

    Rule   Enable Kernel Parameter to Use Reverse Path Filtering on all IPv4 Interfaces   [ref]

    To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter kernel parameter, run the following command:
    $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1
    To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:
    net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
    Rationale:
    Enabling reverse path filtering drops packets with source addresses that should not have been able to be received on the interface they were received on. It should not be used on systems which are routers for complicated networks, but is helpful for end hosts and routers serving small networks.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter
    References:
    cis-csc1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
    cobit5APO01.06, APO13.01, BAI04.04, DSS01.03, DSS01.05, DSS03.01, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    cui3.1.20
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.2.3.4, 4.3.3.4, 4.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.12.1.1, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.2, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.2, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.17.2.1, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a), SC-7(a)
    nist-csfDE.AE-1, DE.CM-1, ID.AM-3, PR.AC-5, PR.DS-4, PR.DS-5, PR.PT-4
    pcidssReq-1.4.3
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR12
    pcidss41.4.3, 1.4

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:true
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter
    
    - name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
      find:
        paths:
        - /etc/sysctl.d/
        - /run/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/lib/sysctl.d/
        contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter.*$
        patterns: '*.conf'
        file_type: any
      register: find_sysctl_d
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter
    
    - name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter from config files
      replace:
        path: '{{ item.path }}'
        regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter
        replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter'
      loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter
    - name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter_value # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter_value: !!str 1
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter is set
      sysctl:
        name: net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter
        value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter_value }}'
        sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.conf
        state: present
        reload: true
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter
    

    Rule   Disable Kernel Parameter for Accepting Secure ICMP Redirects on all IPv4 Interfaces   [ref]

    To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command:
    $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects=0
    To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:
    net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0
    Rationale:
    Accepting "secure" ICMP redirects (from those gateways listed as default gateways) has few legitimate uses. It should be disabled unless it is absolutely required.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects
    References:
    cis-csc1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
    cobit5APO01.06, APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS01.05, DSS03.01, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.02, DSS06.06
    cui3.1.20
    disaCCI-001503, CCI-001551
    isa-62443-20094.2.3.4, 4.3.3.4, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3, 4.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.12.1.1, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.2, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.2, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a), SC-7(a)
    nist-csfDE.AE-1, DE.CM-1, ID.AM-3, PR.AC-5, PR.DS-4, PR.DS-5, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4
    pcidssReq-1.4.3
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR12
    pcidss41.4.3, 1.4

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:true
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects
    
    - name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
      find:
        paths:
        - /etc/sysctl.d/
        - /run/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/lib/sysctl.d/
        contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects.*$
        patterns: '*.conf'
        file_type: any
      register: find_sysctl_d
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects
    
    - name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects from config
        files
      replace:
        path: '{{ item.path }}'
        regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects
        replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects'
      loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects
    - name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects_value # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects_value: !!str 0
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects is set
      sysctl:
        name: net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects
        value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects_value }}'
        sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.conf
        state: present
        reload: true
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects
    

    Rule   Disable Kernel Parameter for Accepting ICMP Redirects by Default on IPv4 Interfaces   [ref]

    To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command:
    $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects=0
    To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:
    net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
    Rationale:
    ICMP redirect messages are used by routers to inform hosts that a more direct route exists for a particular destination. These messages modify the host's route table and are unauthenticated. An illicit ICMP redirect message could result in a man-in-the-middle attack.
    This feature of the IPv4 protocol has few legitimate uses. It should be disabled unless absolutely required.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects
    References:
    cis-csc1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
    cjis5.10.1.1
    cobit5APO01.06, APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS01.05, DSS03.01, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.02, DSS06.06
    cui3.1.20
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.2.3.4, 4.3.3.4, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3, 4.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.12.1.1, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.2, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.2, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a), SC-7(a)
    nist-csfDE.AE-1, DE.CM-1, ID.AM-3, PR.AC-5, PR.DS-4, PR.DS-5, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4
    pcidssReq-1.4.3
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR12
    pcidss41.4.3, 1.4

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:true
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects
    
    - name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
      find:
        paths:
        - /etc/sysctl.d/
        - /run/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/lib/sysctl.d/
        contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects.*$
        patterns: '*.conf'
        file_type: any
      register: find_sysctl_d
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects
    
    - name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects from
        config files
      replace:
        path: '{{ item.path }}'
        regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects
        replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects'
      loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects
    - name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects_value # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects_value: !!str 0
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects is set
      sysctl:
        name: net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects
        value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects_value }}'
        sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.conf
        state: present
        reload: true
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects
    

    Rule   Disable Kernel Parameter for Accepting Source-Routed Packets on IPv4 Interfaces by Default   [ref]

    To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route kernel parameter, run the following command:
    $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route=0
    To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:
    net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
    Rationale:
    Source-routed packets allow the source of the packet to suggest routers forward the packet along a different path than configured on the router, which can be used to bypass network security measures.
    Accepting source-routed packets in the IPv4 protocol has few legitimate uses. It should be disabled unless it is absolutely required, such as when IPv4 forwarding is enabled and the system is legitimately functioning as a router.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route
    References:
    cis-csc1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
    cjis5.10.1.1
    cobit5APO01.06, APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS01.05, DSS03.01, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.02, DSS06.06
    cui3.1.20
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.2.3.4, 4.3.3.4, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3, 4.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.12.1.1, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.2, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.2, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nerc-cipCIP-007-3 R4, CIP-007-3 R4.1, CIP-007-3 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), SC-5, SC-7(a)
    nist-csfDE.AE-1, DE.CM-1, ID.AM-3, PR.AC-5, PR.DS-4, PR.DS-5, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR12

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:true
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route
    
    - name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
      find:
        paths:
        - /etc/sysctl.d/
        - /run/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/lib/sysctl.d/
        contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route.*$
        patterns: '*.conf'
        file_type: any
      register: find_sysctl_d
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route
    
    - name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route from
        config files
      replace:
        path: '{{ item.path }}'
        regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route
        replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route'
      loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route
    - name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route_value # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route_value: !!str 0
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route is set
      sysctl:
        name: net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route
        value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route_value }}'
        sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.conf
        state: present
        reload: true
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route
    

    Rule   Enable Kernel Paremeter to Log Martian Packets on all IPv4 Interfaces by Default   [ref]

    To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians kernel parameter, run the following command:
    $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians=1
    To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:
    net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1
    Rationale:
    The presence of "martian" packets (which have impossible addresses) as well as spoofed packets, source-routed packets, and redirects could be a sign of nefarious network activity. Logging these packets enables this activity to be detected.
    Severity: 
    unknown
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_log_martians
    References:
    cis-csc1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9
    cobit5APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS01.04, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.03, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.06
    cui3.1.20
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.11.2.6, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.2.1, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.6.2.1, A.6.2.2, A.9.1.2
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), SC-5(3)(a)
    nist-csfDE.CM-1, PR.AC-3, PR.DS-4, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:true
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_log_martians
      - unknown_severity
    
    - name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
      find:
        paths:
        - /etc/sysctl.d/
        - /run/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/lib/sysctl.d/
        contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians.*$
        patterns: '*.conf'
        file_type: any
      register: find_sysctl_d
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_log_martians
      - unknown_severity
    
    - name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians from config
        files
      replace:
        path: '{{ item.path }}'
        regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians
        replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians'
      loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_log_martians
      - unknown_severity
    - name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_log_martians_value # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_log_martians_value: !!str 1
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians is set
      sysctl:
        name: net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians
        value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_log_martians_value }}'
        sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.conf
        state: present
        reload: true
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_log_martians
      - unknown_severity
    

    Rule   Enable Kernel Parameter to Use Reverse Path Filtering on all IPv4 Interfaces by Default   [ref]

    To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter kernel parameter, run the following command:
    $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1
    To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:
    net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
    Rationale:
    Enabling reverse path filtering drops packets with source addresses that should not have been able to be received on the interface they were received on. It should not be used on systems which are routers for complicated networks, but is helpful for end hosts and routers serving small networks.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter
    References:
    cis-csc1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
    cobit5APO01.06, APO13.01, BAI04.04, DSS01.03, DSS01.05, DSS03.01, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    cui3.1.20
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.2.3.4, 4.3.3.4, 4.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.12.1.1, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.2, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.2, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.17.2.1, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a), SC-7(a)
    nist-csfDE.AE-1, DE.CM-1, ID.AM-3, PR.AC-5, PR.DS-4, PR.DS-5, PR.PT-4
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR12

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:true
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter
    
    - name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
      find:
        paths:
        - /etc/sysctl.d/
        - /run/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/lib/sysctl.d/
        contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter.*$
        patterns: '*.conf'
        file_type: any
      register: find_sysctl_d
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter
    
    - name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter from config
        files
      replace:
        path: '{{ item.path }}'
        regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter
        replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter'
      loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter
    - name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter_value # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter_value: !!str 1
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter is set
      sysctl:
        name: net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter
        value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter_value }}'
        sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.conf
        state: present
        reload: true
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter
    

    Rule   Configure Kernel Parameter for Accepting Secure Redirects By Default   [ref]

    To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command:
    $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects=0
    To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:
    net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 0
    Rationale:
    Accepting "secure" ICMP redirects (from those gateways listed as default gateways) has few legitimate uses. It should be disabled unless it is absolutely required.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects
    References:
    cis-csc1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
    cobit5APO01.06, APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS01.05, DSS03.01, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.02, DSS06.06
    cui3.1.20
    disaCCI-001551
    isa-62443-20094.2.3.4, 4.3.3.4, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3, 4.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.12.1.1, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.2, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.2, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nerc-cipCIP-007-3 R4, CIP-007-3 R4.1, CIP-007-3 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), SC-5, SC-7(a)
    nist-csfDE.AE-1, DE.CM-1, ID.AM-3, PR.AC-5, PR.DS-4, PR.DS-5, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR12

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:true
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects
    
    - name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
      find:
        paths:
        - /etc/sysctl.d/
        - /run/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/lib/sysctl.d/
        contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects.*$
        patterns: '*.conf'
        file_type: any
      register: find_sysctl_d
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects
    
    - name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects from
        config files
      replace:
        path: '{{ item.path }}'
        regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects
        replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects'
      loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects
    - name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects_value # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects_value: !!str 0
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects is set
      sysctl:
        name: net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects
        value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects_value }}'
        sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.conf
        state: present
        reload: true
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects
    

    Rule   Enable Kernel Parameter to Ignore ICMP Broadcast Echo Requests on IPv4 Interfaces   [ref]

    To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts kernel parameter, run the following command:
    $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts=1
    To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:
    net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
    Rationale:
    Responding to broadcast (ICMP) echoes facilitates network mapping and provides a vector for amplification attacks.
    Ignoring ICMP echo requests (pings) sent to broadcast or multicast addresses makes the system slightly more difficult to enumerate on the network.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts
    References:
    cis-csc1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
    cjis5.10.1.1
    cobit5APO01.06, APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS01.05, DSS03.01, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.02, DSS06.06
    cui3.1.20
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.2.3.4, 4.3.3.4, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3, 4.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.12.1.1, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.2, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.2, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nerc-cipCIP-007-3 R4, CIP-007-3 R4.1, CIP-007-3 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), SC-5
    nist-csfDE.AE-1, DE.CM-1, ID.AM-3, PR.AC-5, PR.DS-4, PR.DS-5, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4
    pcidssReq-1.4.3
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss41.4.2, 1.4

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:true
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.2
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts
    
    - name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
      find:
        paths:
        - /etc/sysctl.d/
        - /run/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/lib/sysctl.d/
        contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts.*$
        patterns: '*.conf'
        file_type: any
      register: find_sysctl_d
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.2
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts
    
    - name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts from config
        files
      replace:
        path: '{{ item.path }}'
        regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts
        replace: '#net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts'
      loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.2
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts
    - name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts_value # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts_value: !!str 1
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts is set
      sysctl:
        name: net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts
        value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts_value }}'
        sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.conf
        state: present
        reload: true
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.2
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts
    

    Rule   Enable Kernel Parameter to Ignore Bogus ICMP Error Responses on IPv4 Interfaces   [ref]

    To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses kernel parameter, run the following command:
    $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses=1
    To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:
    net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1
    Rationale:
    Ignoring bogus ICMP error responses reduces log size, although some activity would not be logged.
    Severity: 
    unknown
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses
    References:
    cis-csc1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9
    cobit5APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.06
    cui3.1.20
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.9.1.2
    nerc-cipCIP-007-3 R4, CIP-007-3 R4.1, CIP-007-3 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), SC-5
    nist-csfDE.CM-1, PR.DS-4, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3
    pcidssReq-1.4.3
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR12
    pcidss41.4.2, 1.4

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:true
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.2
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses
      - unknown_severity
    
    - name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
      find:
        paths:
        - /etc/sysctl.d/
        - /run/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/lib/sysctl.d/
        contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses.*$
        patterns: '*.conf'
        file_type: any
      register: find_sysctl_d
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.2
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses
      - unknown_severity
    
    - name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses
        from config files
      replace:
        path: '{{ item.path }}'
        regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses
        replace: '#net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses'
      loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.2
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses
      - unknown_severity
    - name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses_value # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses_value: !!str 1
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses is set
      sysctl:
        name: net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses
        value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses_value }}'
        sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.conf
        state: present
        reload: true
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.2
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses
      - unknown_severity
    

    Rule   Enable Kernel Parameter to Use TCP Syncookies on Network Interfaces   [ref]

    To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies kernel parameter, run the following command:
    $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1
    To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:
    net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
    Rationale:
    A TCP SYN flood attack can cause a denial of service by filling a system's TCP connection table with connections in the SYN_RCVD state. Syncookies can be used to track a connection when a subsequent ACK is received, verifying the initiator is attempting a valid connection and is not a flood source. This feature is activated when a flood condition is detected, and enables the system to continue servicing valid connection requests.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies
    References:
    cis-csc1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
    cjis5.10.1.1
    cobit5APO01.06, APO13.01, BAI04.04, DSS01.03, DSS01.05, DSS03.01, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    cui3.1.20
    disaCCI-001095, CCI-000366, CCI-002385
    isa-62443-20094.2.3.4, 4.3.3.4, 4.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.12.1.1, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.2, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.2, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.17.2.1, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), SC-5(1), SC-5(2), SC-5(3)(a), CM-6(a)
    nist-csfDE.AE-1, DE.CM-1, ID.AM-3, PR.AC-5, PR.DS-4, PR.DS-5, PR.PT-4
    pcidssReq-1.4.1
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227, SRG-OS-000420-GPOS-00186, SRG-OS-000142-GPOS-00071
    anssiR12
    pcidss41.4.3, 1.4

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:true
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5(1)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5(2)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.1
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies
    
    - name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
      find:
        paths:
        - /etc/sysctl.d/
        - /run/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/lib/sysctl.d/
        contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies.*$
        patterns: '*.conf'
        file_type: any
      register: find_sysctl_d
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5(1)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5(2)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.1
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies
    
    - name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies from config files
      replace:
        path: '{{ item.path }}'
        regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies
        replace: '#net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies'
      loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5(1)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5(2)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.1
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies
    - name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies_value # promote to variable
      set_fact:
        sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies_value: !!str 1
      tags:
        - always
    
    - name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies is set
      sysctl:
        name: net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies
        value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies_value }}'
        sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.conf
        state: present
        reload: true
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5(1)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5(2)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.1
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies
    
    Group   Network Parameters for Hosts Only   Group contains 3 rules
    [ref]   If the system is not going to be used as a router, then setting certain kernel parameters ensure that the host will not perform routing of network traffic.

    Rule   Disable Kernel Parameter for Sending ICMP Redirects on all IPv4 Interfaces   [ref]

    To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command:
    $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0
    To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:
    net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
    Rationale:
    ICMP redirect messages are used by routers to inform hosts that a more direct route exists for a particular destination. These messages contain information from the system's route table possibly revealing portions of the network topology.
    The ability to send ICMP redirects is only appropriate for systems acting as routers.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_send_redirects
    References:
    cis-csc1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
    cjis5.10.1.1
    cobit5APO01.06, APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS01.05, DSS03.01, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.02, DSS06.06
    cui3.1.20
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.2.3.4, 4.3.3.4, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3, 4.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.12.1.1, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.2, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.2, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nerc-cipCIP-007-3 R4, CIP-007-3 R4.1, CIP-007-3 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), SC-5, CM-6(a), SC-7(a)
    nist-csfDE.AE-1, DE.CM-1, ID.AM-3, PR.AC-5, PR.DS-4, PR.DS-5, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR12
    pcidss41.4.5, 1.4

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:true
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.5
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_send_redirects
    
    - name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
      find:
        paths:
        - /etc/sysctl.d/
        - /run/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/lib/sysctl.d/
        contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects.*$
        patterns: '*.conf'
        file_type: any
      register: find_sysctl_d
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.5
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_send_redirects
    
    - name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects from config
        files
      replace:
        path: '{{ item.path }}'
        regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects
        replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects'
      loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.5
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_send_redirects
    
    - name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects is set to 0
      sysctl:
        name: net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects
        value: '0'
        sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.conf
        state: present
        reload: true
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.5
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_send_redirects
    

    Rule   Disable Kernel Parameter for Sending ICMP Redirects on all IPv4 Interfaces by Default   [ref]

    To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command:
    $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects=0
    To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:
    net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
    Rationale:
    ICMP redirect messages are used by routers to inform hosts that a more direct route exists for a particular destination. These messages contain information from the system's route table possibly revealing portions of the network topology.
    The ability to send ICMP redirects is only appropriate for systems acting as routers.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_send_redirects
    References:
    cis-csc1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
    cjis5.10.1.1
    cobit5APO01.06, APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS01.05, DSS03.01, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.02, DSS06.06
    cui3.1.20
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.2.3.4, 4.3.3.4, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3, 4.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.12.1.1, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.2, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.2, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nerc-cipCIP-007-3 R4, CIP-007-3 R4.1, CIP-007-3 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), SC-5, CM-6(a), SC-7(a)
    nist-csfDE.AE-1, DE.CM-1, ID.AM-3, PR.AC-5, PR.DS-4, PR.DS-5, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR12
    pcidss41.4.5, 1.4

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:true
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.5
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_send_redirects
    
    - name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
      find:
        paths:
        - /etc/sysctl.d/
        - /run/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/lib/sysctl.d/
        contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects.*$
        patterns: '*.conf'
        file_type: any
      register: find_sysctl_d
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.5
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_send_redirects
    
    - name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects from config
        files
      replace:
        path: '{{ item.path }}'
        regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects
        replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects'
      loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.5
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_send_redirects
    
    - name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects is set to 0
      sysctl:
        name: net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects
        value: '0'
        sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.conf
        state: present
        reload: true
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.10.1.1
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.5
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_send_redirects
    

    Rule   Disable Kernel Parameter for IP Forwarding on IPv4 Interfaces   [ref]

    To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.ip_forward kernel parameter, run the following command:
    $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=0
    To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:
    net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
    Warning:  Certain technologies such as virtual machines, containers, etc. rely on IPv4 forwarding to enable and use networking. Disabling IPv4 forwarding would cause those technologies to stop working. Therefore, this rule should not be used in profiles or benchmarks that target usage of IPv4 forwarding.
    Rationale:
    Routing protocol daemons are typically used on routers to exchange network topology information with other routers. If this capability is used when not required, system network information may be unnecessarily transmitted across the network.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_ip_forward
    References:
    cis-csc1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9
    cobit5APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.06
    cui3.1.20
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.2.1, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.9.1.2
    nerc-cipCIP-007-3 R4, CIP-007-3 R4.1, CIP-007-3 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), SC-5, CM-6(a), SC-7(a)
    nist-csfDE.CM-1, PR.DS-4, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4
    pcidssReq-1.3.1, Req-1.3.2
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR12
    pcidss41.4.3, 1.4

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:true
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.3.1
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.3.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_ip_forward
    
    - name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
      find:
        paths:
        - /etc/sysctl.d/
        - /run/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
        - /usr/lib/sysctl.d/
        contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.ip_forward.*$
        patterns: '*.conf'
        file_type: any
      register: find_sysctl_d
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.3.1
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.3.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_ip_forward
    
    - name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.ip_forward from config files
      replace:
        path: '{{ item.path }}'
        regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.ip_forward
        replace: '#net.ipv4.ip_forward'
      loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.3.1
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.3.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_ip_forward
    
    - name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward is set to 0
      sysctl:
        name: net.ipv4.ip_forward
        value: '0'
        sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.conf
        state: present
        reload: true
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-SC-5
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.3.1
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.3.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - reboot_required
      - sysctl_net_ipv4_ip_forward
    
    Group   Uncommon Network Protocols   Group contains 2 rules
    [ref]   The system includes support for several network protocols which are not commonly used. Although security vulnerabilities in kernel networking code are not frequently discovered, the consequences can be dramatic. Ensuring uncommon network protocols are disabled reduces the system's risk to attacks targeted at its implementation of those protocols.
    Warning:  Although these protocols are not commonly used, avoid disruption in your network environment by ensuring they are not needed prior to disabling them.

    Rule   Disable DCCP Support   [ref]

    The Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) is a relatively new transport layer protocol, designed to support streaming media and telephony. To configure the system to prevent the dccp kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to the file /etc/modprobe.d/dccp.conf:
    install dccp /bin/false
    Rationale:
    Disabling DCCP protects the system against exploitation of any flaws in its implementation.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_kernel_module_dccp_disabled
    References:
    cis-csc11, 14, 3, 9
    cjis5.10.1
    cobit5BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.05, DSS06.06
    cui3.4.6
    disaCCI-001958
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.9.1.2
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a)
    nist-csfPR.IP-1, PR.PT-3
    pcidssReq-1.4.2
    os-srgSRG-OS-000096-GPOS-00050, SRG-OS-000378-GPOS-00163
    pcidss41.4.2, 1.4

    Rule   Disable SCTP Support   [ref]

    The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a transport layer protocol, designed to support the idea of message-oriented communication, with several streams of messages within one connection. To configure the system to prevent the sctp kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to the file /etc/modprobe.d/sctp.conf:
    install sctp /bin/false
    Rationale:
    Disabling SCTP protects the system against exploitation of any flaws in its implementation.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_kernel_module_sctp_disabled
    References:
    cis-csc11, 14, 3, 9
    cjis5.10.1
    cobit5BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.05, DSS06.06
    cui3.4.6
    disaCCI-000381
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.9.1.2
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a)
    nist-csfPR.IP-1, PR.PT-3
    pcidssReq-1.4.2
    os-srgSRG-OS-000095-GPOS-00049, SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss41.4.2, 1.4
    Group   Wireless Networking   Group contains 1 group and 1 rule
    [ref]   Wireless networking, such as 802.11 (WiFi) and Bluetooth, can present a security risk to sensitive or classified systems and networks. Wireless networking hardware is much more likely to be included in laptop or portable systems than in desktops or servers.

    Removal of hardware provides the greatest assurance that the wireless capability remains disabled. Acquisition policies often include provisions to prevent the purchase of equipment that will be used in sensitive spaces and includes wireless capabilities. If it is impractical to remove the wireless hardware, and policy permits the device to enter sensitive spaces as long as wireless is disabled, efforts should instead focus on disabling wireless capability via software.
    Group   Disable Wireless Through Software Configuration   Group contains 1 rule
    [ref]   If it is impossible to remove the wireless hardware from the device in question, disable as much of it as possible through software. The following methods can disable software support for wireless networking, but note that these methods do not prevent malicious software or careless users from re-activating the devices.

    Rule   Deactivate Wireless Network Interfaces   [ref]

    Deactivating wireless network interfaces should prevent normal usage of the wireless capability.

    Configure the system to disable all wireless network interfaces with the following command:
    $ sudo nmcli radio all off
    Rationale:
    The use of wireless networking can introduce many different attack vectors into the organization's network. Common attack vectors such as malicious association and ad hoc networks will allow an attacker to spoof a wireless access point (AP), allowing validated systems to connect to the malicious AP and enabling the attacker to monitor and record network traffic. These malicious APs can also serve to create a man-in-the-middle attack or be used to create a denial of service to valid network resources.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_wireless_disable_interfaces
    References:
    cis-csc11, 12, 14, 15, 3, 8, 9
    cobit5APO13.01, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.04, DSS05.02, DSS05.03, DSS05.05, DSS06.06
    cui3.1.16
    disaCCI-001443, CCI-001444, CCI-002421, CCI-002418
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 7.1, SR 7.6
    ism1315, 1319
    iso27001-2013A.11.2.6, A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.2.1, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.6.2.1, A.6.2.2, A.9.1.2
    nistAC-18(a), AC-18(3), CM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a), MP-7
    nist-csfPR.AC-3, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4
    pcidssReq-1.3.3
    os-srgSRG-OS-000299-GPOS-00117, SRG-OS-000300-GPOS-00118, SRG-OS-000424-GPOS-00188, SRG-OS-000481-GPOS-000481
    pcidss41.3.3, 1.3

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:medium
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:unknown
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.16
      - NIST-800-53-AC-18(3)
      - NIST-800-53-AC-18(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-MP-7
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.3.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.3.3
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - unknown_strategy
      - wireless_disable_interfaces
    
    - name: Service facts
      ansible.builtin.service_facts: null
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.16
      - NIST-800-53-AC-18(3)
      - NIST-800-53-AC-18(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-MP-7
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.3.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.3.3
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - unknown_strategy
      - wireless_disable_interfaces
    
    - name: Ensure NetworkManager is installed
      ansible.builtin.package:
        name: '{{ item }}'
        state: present
      with_items:
      - NetworkManager
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.16
      - NIST-800-53-AC-18(3)
      - NIST-800-53-AC-18(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-MP-7
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.3.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.3.3
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - unknown_strategy
      - wireless_disable_interfaces
    
    - name: NetworkManager Deactivate Wireless Network Interfaces
      command: nmcli radio wifi off
      when:
      - '''NetworkManager'' in ansible_facts.packages'
      - ansible_facts.services['NetworkManager.service'].state == 'running'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-171-3.1.16
      - NIST-800-53-AC-18(3)
      - NIST-800-53-AC-18(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - NIST-800-53-MP-7
      - PCI-DSS-Req-1.3.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-1.3.3
      - low_complexity
      - medium_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - unknown_strategy
      - wireless_disable_interfaces
    

    
    if ! rpm -q --quiet "NetworkManager" ; then
        dnf install -y "NetworkManager"
    fi
    
    if command -v nmcli >/dev/null 2>&1 && systemctl is-active NetworkManager >/dev/null 2>&1; then
        nmcli radio all off
    fi
    
    if command -v wicked >/dev/null 2>&1 && systemctl is-active wickedd >/dev/null 2>&1; then
      if [ -n "$(find /sys/class/net/*/ -type d -name wireless)" ]; then
        interfaces=$(find /sys/class/net/*/wireless -type d -name wireless | xargs -0 dirname | xargs basename)
        for iface in $interfaces; do
          wicked ifdown $iface
          sed -i 's/STARTMODE=.*/STARTMODE=off/' /etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-$iface
        done
      fi
    fi
    
    Group   File Permissions and Masks   Group contains 4 groups and 25 rules
    [ref]   Traditional Unix security relies heavily on file and directory permissions to prevent unauthorized users from reading or modifying files to which they should not have access.

    Several of the commands in this section search filesystems for files or directories with certain characteristics, and are intended to be run on every local partition on a given system. When the variable PART appears in one of the commands below, it means that the command is intended to be run repeatedly, with the name of each local partition substituted for PART in turn.

    The following command prints a list of all xfs partitions on the local system, which is the default filesystem for OpenEmbedded installations:
    $ mount -t xfs | awk '{print $3}'
    For any systems that use a different local filesystem type, modify this command as appropriate.
    Group   Verify Permissions on Important Files and Directories   Group contains 1 group and 24 rules
    [ref]   Permissions for many files on a system must be set restrictively to ensure sensitive information is properly protected. This section discusses important permission restrictions which can be verified to ensure that no harmful discrepancies have arisen.
    Group   Verify Permissions on Files with Local Account Information and Credentials   Group contains 21 rules

    Rule   Verify Group Who Owns Backup group File   [ref]

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/group-, run the command:
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/group-
    Rationale:
    The /etc/group- file is a backup file of /etc/group, and as such, it contains information regarding groups that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is important for system security.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_backup_etc_group
    References:
    disaCCI-000366
    nistAC-6 (1)
    pcidssReq-8.7
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/group-
      stat:
        path: /etc/group-
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6 (1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_backup_etc_group
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure group owner 0 on /etc/group-
      file:
        path: /etc/group-
        group: '0'
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6 (1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_backup_etc_group
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    chgrp 0 /etc/group-
    

    Rule   Verify Group Who Owns Backup gshadow File   [ref]

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/gshadow-, run the command:
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/gshadow-
    Rationale:
    The /etc/gshadow- file is a backup of /etc/gshadow, and as such, it contains group password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_backup_etc_gshadow
    References:
    disaCCI-000366
    nistAC-6 (1)
    pcidssReq-8.7
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/gshadow-
      stat:
        path: /etc/gshadow-
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6 (1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_backup_etc_gshadow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure group owner 0 on /etc/gshadow-
      file:
        path: /etc/gshadow-
        group: '0'
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6 (1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_backup_etc_gshadow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    chgrp 0 /etc/gshadow-
    

    Rule   Verify Group Who Owns Backup passwd File   [ref]

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/passwd-, run the command:
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/passwd-
    Rationale:
    The /etc/passwd- file is a backup file of /etc/passwd, and as such, it contains information about the users that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is critical for system security.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_backup_etc_passwd
    References:
    disaCCI-000366
    nistAC-6 (1)
    pcidssReq-8.7
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/passwd-
      stat:
        path: /etc/passwd-
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6 (1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_backup_etc_passwd
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure group owner 0 on /etc/passwd-
      file:
        path: /etc/passwd-
        group: '0'
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6 (1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_backup_etc_passwd
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    chgrp 0 /etc/passwd-
    

    Rule   Verify User Who Owns Backup shadow File   [ref]

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/shadow-, run the command:
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/shadow-
    Rationale:
    The /etc/shadow- file is a backup file of /etc/shadow, and as such, it contains the list of local system accounts and password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_backup_etc_shadow
    References:
    disaCCI-000366
    pcidssReq-8.7
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/shadow-
      stat:
        path: /etc/shadow-
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_backup_etc_shadow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure group owner 0 on /etc/shadow-
      file:
        path: /etc/shadow-
        group: '0'
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_backup_etc_shadow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    chgrp 0 /etc/shadow-
    

    Rule   Verify Group Who Owns group File   [ref]

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/group, run the command:
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/group
    Rationale:
    The /etc/group file contains information regarding groups that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is important for system security.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_etc_group
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cjis5.5.2.2
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    pcidssReq-8.7.c
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR50
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/group
      stat:
        path: /etc/group
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.5.2.2
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_etc_group
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure group owner 0 on /etc/group
      file:
        path: /etc/group
        group: '0'
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.5.2.2
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_etc_group
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    chgrp 0 /etc/group
    

    Rule   Verify Group Who Owns gshadow File   [ref]

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/gshadow, run the command:
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/gshadow
    Rationale:
    The /etc/gshadow file contains group password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_etc_gshadow
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR50

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/gshadow
      stat:
        path: /etc/gshadow
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_etc_gshadow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure group owner 0 on /etc/gshadow
      file:
        path: /etc/gshadow
        group: '0'
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_etc_gshadow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    chgrp 0 /etc/gshadow
    

    Rule   Verify Group Who Owns passwd File   [ref]

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/passwd, run the command:
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/passwd
    Rationale:
    The /etc/passwd file contains information about the users that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is critical for system security.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_etc_passwd
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cjis5.5.2.2
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    pcidssReq-8.7.c
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR50
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/passwd
      stat:
        path: /etc/passwd
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.5.2.2
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_etc_passwd
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure group owner 0 on /etc/passwd
      file:
        path: /etc/passwd
        group: '0'
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.5.2.2
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_etc_passwd
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    chgrp 0 /etc/passwd
    

    Rule   Verify Group Who Owns shadow File   [ref]

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/shadow, run the command:
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/shadow
    Rationale:
    The /etc/shadow file stores password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_etc_shadow
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cjis5.5.2.2
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    pcidssReq-8.7.c
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR50
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/shadow
      stat:
        path: /etc/shadow
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.5.2.2
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_etc_shadow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure group owner 0 on /etc/shadow
      file:
        path: /etc/shadow
        group: '0'
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.5.2.2
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_etc_shadow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    chgrp 0 /etc/shadow
    

    Rule   Verify User Who Owns Backup group File   [ref]

    To properly set the owner of /etc/group-, run the command:
    $ sudo chown root /etc/group- 
    Rationale:
    The /etc/group- file is a backup file of /etc/group, and as such, it contains information regarding groups that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is important for system security.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_backup_etc_group
    References:
    disaCCI-000366
    nistAC-6 (1)
    pcidssReq-8.7.c
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/group-
      stat:
        path: /etc/group-
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6 (1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_backup_etc_group
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure owner 0 on /etc/group-
      file:
        path: /etc/group-
        owner: '0'
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6 (1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_backup_etc_group
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    chown 0 /etc/group-
    

    Rule   Verify User Who Owns Backup gshadow File   [ref]

    To properly set the owner of /etc/gshadow-, run the command:
    $ sudo chown root /etc/gshadow- 
    Rationale:
    The /etc/gshadow- file is a backup of /etc/gshadow, and as such, it contains group password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_backup_etc_gshadow
    References:
    disaCCI-000366
    nistAC-6 (1)
    pcidssReq-8.7
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/gshadow-
      stat:
        path: /etc/gshadow-
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6 (1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_backup_etc_gshadow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure owner 0 on /etc/gshadow-
      file:
        path: /etc/gshadow-
        owner: '0'
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6 (1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_backup_etc_gshadow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    chown 0 /etc/gshadow-
    

    Rule   Verify User Who Owns Backup passwd File   [ref]

    To properly set the owner of /etc/passwd-, run the command:
    $ sudo chown root /etc/passwd- 
    Rationale:
    The /etc/passwd- file is a backup file of /etc/passwd, and as such, it contains information about the users that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is critical for system security.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_backup_etc_passwd
    References:
    disaCCI-000366
    nistAC-6 (1)
    pcidssReq-8.7.c
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/passwd-
      stat:
        path: /etc/passwd-
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6 (1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_backup_etc_passwd
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure owner 0 on /etc/passwd-
      file:
        path: /etc/passwd-
        owner: '0'
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6 (1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_backup_etc_passwd
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    chown 0 /etc/passwd-
    

    Rule   Verify Group Who Owns Backup shadow File   [ref]

    To properly set the owner of /etc/shadow-, run the command:
    $ sudo chown root /etc/shadow- 
    Rationale:
    The /etc/shadow- file is a backup file of /etc/shadow, and as such, it contains the list of local system accounts and password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_backup_etc_shadow
    References:
    disaCCI-000366
    nistAC-6 (1)
    pcidssReq-8.7.c
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/shadow-
      stat:
        path: /etc/shadow-
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6 (1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_backup_etc_shadow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure owner 0 on /etc/shadow-
      file:
        path: /etc/shadow-
        owner: '0'
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6 (1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_backup_etc_shadow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    chown 0 /etc/shadow-
    

    Rule   Verify User Who Owns group File   [ref]

    To properly set the owner of /etc/group, run the command:
    $ sudo chown root /etc/group 
    Rationale:
    The /etc/group file contains information regarding groups that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is important for system security.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_etc_group
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cjis5.5.2.2
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    pcidssReq-8.7.c
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR50
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/group
      stat:
        path: /etc/group
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.5.2.2
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_etc_group
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure owner 0 on /etc/group
      file:
        path: /etc/group
        owner: '0'
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.5.2.2
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_etc_group
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    chown 0 /etc/group
    

    Rule   Verify User Who Owns gshadow File   [ref]

    To properly set the owner of /etc/gshadow, run the command:
    $ sudo chown root /etc/gshadow 
    Rationale:
    The /etc/gshadow file contains group password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_etc_gshadow
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR50

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/gshadow
      stat:
        path: /etc/gshadow
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_etc_gshadow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure owner 0 on /etc/gshadow
      file:
        path: /etc/gshadow
        owner: '0'
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_etc_gshadow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    chown 0 /etc/gshadow
    

    Rule   Verify User Who Owns passwd File   [ref]

    To properly set the owner of /etc/passwd, run the command:
    $ sudo chown root /etc/passwd 
    Rationale:
    The /etc/passwd file contains information about the users that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is critical for system security.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_etc_passwd
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cjis5.5.2.2
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    pcidssReq-8.7.c
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR50
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/passwd
      stat:
        path: /etc/passwd
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.5.2.2
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_etc_passwd
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure owner 0 on /etc/passwd
      file:
        path: /etc/passwd
        owner: '0'
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.5.2.2
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_etc_passwd
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    chown 0 /etc/passwd
    

    Rule   Verify User Who Owns shadow File   [ref]

    To properly set the owner of /etc/shadow, run the command:
    $ sudo chown root /etc/shadow 
    Rationale:
    The /etc/shadow file contains the list of local system accounts and stores password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security. Failure to give ownership of this file to root provides the designated owner with access to sensitive information which could weaken the system security posture.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_etc_shadow
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cjis5.5.2.2
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    pcidssReq-8.7.c
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR50
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/shadow
      stat:
        path: /etc/shadow
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.5.2.2
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_etc_shadow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure owner 0 on /etc/shadow
      file:
        path: /etc/shadow
        owner: '0'
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.5.2.2
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_etc_shadow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    chown 0 /etc/shadow
    

    Rule   Verify Permissions on Backup group File   [ref]

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/group-, run the command:
    $ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/group-
    Rationale:
    The /etc/group- file is a backup file of /etc/group, and as such, it contains information regarding groups that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is important for system security.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_backup_etc_group
    References:
    disaCCI-000366
    nistAC-6 (1)
    pcidssReq-8.7.c
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/group-
      stat:
        path: /etc/group-
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6 (1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_backup_etc_group
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure permission u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt on /etc/group-
      file:
        path: /etc/group-
        mode: u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6 (1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_backup_etc_group
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    
    
    
    
    chmod u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt /etc/group-
    

    Rule   Verify Permissions on Backup passwd File   [ref]

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/passwd-, run the command:
    $ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/passwd-
    Rationale:
    The /etc/passwd- file is a backup file of /etc/passwd, and as such, it contains information about the users that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is critical for system security.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_backup_etc_passwd
    References:
    disaCCI-000366
    nistAC-6 (1)
    pcidssReq-8.7.c
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/passwd-
      stat:
        path: /etc/passwd-
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6 (1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_backup_etc_passwd
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure permission u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt on /etc/passwd-
      file:
        path: /etc/passwd-
        mode: u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6 (1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_backup_etc_passwd
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    
    
    
    
    chmod u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt /etc/passwd-
    

    Rule   Verify Permissions on Backup shadow File   [ref]

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/shadow-, run the command:
    $ sudo chmod 0000 /etc/shadow-
    Rationale:
    The /etc/shadow- file is a backup file of /etc/shadow, and as such, it contains the list of local system accounts and password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_backup_etc_shadow
    References:
    disaCCI-000366
    nistAC-6 (1)
    pcidssReq-8.7.c
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/shadow-
      stat:
        path: /etc/shadow-
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6 (1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_backup_etc_shadow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure permission u-xwrs,g-xwrs,o-xwrt on /etc/shadow-
      file:
        path: /etc/shadow-
        mode: u-xwrs,g-xwrs,o-xwrt
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6 (1)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_backup_etc_shadow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    
    
    
    
    chmod u-xwrs,g-xwrs,o-xwrt /etc/shadow-
    

    Rule   Verify Permissions on group File   [ref]

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/group, run the command:
    $ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/group
    Rationale:
    The /etc/group file contains information regarding groups that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is important for system security.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_etc_group
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cjis5.5.2.2
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    pcidssReq-8.7.c
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR50
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/group
      stat:
        path: /etc/group
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.5.2.2
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_etc_group
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure permission u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt on /etc/group
      file:
        path: /etc/group
        mode: u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.5.2.2
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_etc_group
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    
    
    
    
    chmod u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt /etc/group
    

    Rule   Verify Permissions on passwd File   [ref]

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/passwd, run the command:
    $ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/passwd
    Rationale:
    If the /etc/passwd file is writable by a group-owner or the world the risk of its compromise is increased. The file contains the list of accounts on the system and associated information, and protection of this file is critical for system security.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_etc_passwd
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cjis5.5.2.2
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    pcidssReq-8.7.c
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR50
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Test for existence /etc/passwd
      stat:
        path: /etc/passwd
      register: file_exists
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.5.2.2
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_etc_passwd
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure permission u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt on /etc/passwd
      file:
        path: /etc/passwd
        mode: u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt
      when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - CJIS-5.5.2.2
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_etc_passwd
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    
    
    
    
    chmod u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt /etc/passwd
    

    Rule   Verify that All World-Writable Directories Have Sticky Bits Set   [ref]

    When the so-called 'sticky bit' is set on a directory, only the owner of a given file may remove that file from the directory. Without the sticky bit, any user with write access to a directory may remove any file in the directory. Setting the sticky bit prevents users from removing each other's files. In cases where there is no reason for a directory to be world-writable, a better solution is to remove that permission rather than to set the sticky bit. However, if a directory is used by a particular application, consult that application's documentation instead of blindly changing modes.
    To set the sticky bit on a world-writable directory DIR, run the following command:
    $ sudo chmod +t DIR
            
    Warning:  This rule can take a long time to perform the check and might consume a considerable amount of resources depending on the number of directories present on the system. It is not a problem in most cases, but especially systems with a large number of directories can be affected. See https://access.redhat.com/articles/6999111.
    Rationale:
    Failing to set the sticky bit on public directories allows unauthorized users to delete files in the directory structure.

    The only authorized public directories are those temporary directories supplied with the system, or those designed to be temporary file repositories. The setting is normally reserved for directories used by the system, by users for temporary file storage (such as /tmp), and for directories requiring global read/write access.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_dir_perms_world_writable_sticky_bits
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-001090
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    os-srgSRG-OS-000138-GPOS-00069
    anssiR54
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Rule   Ensure No World-Writable Files Exist   [ref]

    It is generally a good idea to remove global (other) write access to a file when it is discovered. However, check with documentation for specific applications before making changes. Also, monitor for recurring world-writable files, as these may be symptoms of a misconfigured application or user account. Finally, this applies to real files and not virtual files that are a part of pseudo file systems such as sysfs or procfs.
    Warning:  This rule can take a long time to perform the check and might consume a considerable amount of resources depending on the number of files present on the system. It is not a problem in most cases, but especially systems with a large number of files can be affected. See https://access.redhat.com/articles/6999111.
    Rationale:
    Data in world-writable files can be modified by any user on the system. In almost all circumstances, files can be configured using a combination of user and group permissions to support whatever legitimate access is needed without the risk caused by world-writable files.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_unauthorized_world_writable
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nerc-cipCIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    anssiR54
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    
    FILTER_NODEV=$(awk '/nodev/ { print $2 }' /proc/filesystems | paste -sd,)
    PARTITIONS=$(findmnt -n -l -k -it $FILTER_NODEV | awk '{ print $1 }')
    for PARTITION in $PARTITIONS; do
      find "${PARTITION}" -xdev -type f -perm -002 -exec chmod o-w {} \; 2>/dev/null
    done
    
    # Ensure /tmp is also fixed whem tmpfs is used.
    if grep "^tmpfs /tmp" /proc/mounts; then
      find /tmp -xdev -type f -perm -002 -exec chmod o-w {} \; 2>/dev/null
    fi
    

    Rule   Ensure All Files Are Owned by a Group   [ref]

    If any file is not group-owned by a valid defined group, the cause of the lack of group-ownership must be investigated. Following this, those files should be deleted or assigned to an appropriate group. The groups need to be defined in /etc/group or in /usr/lib/group if nss-altfiles are configured to be used in /etc/nsswitch.conf. Locate the mount points related to local devices by the following command:
    $ findmnt -n -l -k -it $(awk '/nodev/ { print $2 }' /proc/filesystems | paste -sd,)
    For all mount points listed by the previous command, it is necessary to search for files which do not belong to a valid group using the following command:
    $ sudo find MOUNTPOINT -xdev -nogroup 2>/dev/null
    Warning:  This rule only considers local groups as valid groups. If you have your groups defined outside /etc/group or /usr/lib/group, the rule won't consider those.
    Warning:  This rule can take a long time to perform the check and might consume a considerable amount of resources depending on the number of files present on the system. It is not a problem in most cases, but especially systems with a large number of files can be affected. See https://access.redhat.com/articles/6999111.
    Rationale:
    Unowned files do not directly imply a security problem, but they are generally a sign that something is amiss. They may be caused by an intruder, by incorrect software installation or draft software removal, or by failure to remove all files belonging to a deleted account, or other similar cases. The files should be repaired so they will not cause problems when accounts are created in the future, and the cause should be discovered and addressed.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_ungroupowned
    References:
    cis-csc1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS05.10, DSS06.02, DSS06.03, DSS06.06, DSS06.10
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.2.2, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.18.1.4, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.2.4, A.9.2.6, A.9.3.1, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-1, PR.AC-4, PR.AC-6, PR.AC-7, PR.DS-5, PR.PT-3
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    anssiR53
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2
    Group   Restrict Programs from Dangerous Execution Patterns   Group contains 1 group and 1 rule
    [ref]   The recommendations in this section are designed to ensure that the system's features to protect against potentially dangerous program execution are activated. These protections are applied at the system initialization or kernel level, and defend against certain types of badly-configured or compromised programs.
    Group   Disable Core Dumps   Group contains 1 rule
    [ref]   A core dump file is the memory image of an executable program when it was terminated by the operating system due to errant behavior. In most cases, only software developers legitimately need to access these files. The core dump files may also contain sensitive information, or unnecessarily occupy large amounts of disk space.

    Once a hard limit is set in /etc/security/limits.conf, or to a file within the /etc/security/limits.d/ directory, a user cannot increase that limit within his or her own session. If access to core dumps is required, consider restricting them to only certain users or groups. See the limits.conf man page for more information.

    The core dumps of setuid programs are further protected. The sysctl variable fs.suid_dumpable controls whether the kernel allows core dumps from these programs at all. The default value of 0 is recommended.

    Rule   Disable Core Dumps for All Users   [ref]

    To disable core dumps for all users, add the following line to /etc/security/limits.conf, or to a file within the /etc/security/limits.d/ directory:
    *     hard   core    0
    Rationale:
    A core dump includes a memory image taken at the time the operating system terminates an application. The memory image could contain sensitive data and is generally useful only for developers trying to debug problems.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_disable_users_coredumps
    References:
    cis-csc1, 12, 13, 15, 16, 2, 7, 8
    cobit5APO13.01, BAI04.04, DSS01.03, DSS03.05, DSS05.07
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-2013SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2
    iso27001-2013A.12.1.3, A.17.2.1
    nistCM-6, SC-7(10)
    nist-csfDE.CM-1, PR.DS-4
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss43.3.1.1, 3.3.1, 3.3

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:restrict
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(10)
      - PCI-DSSv4-3.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-3.3.1
      - PCI-DSSv4-3.3.1.1
      - disable_users_coredumps
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    
    - name: Disable core dumps with limits
      lineinfile:
        dest: /etc/security/limits.conf
        regexp: ^[^#].*core
        line: '*        hard       core      0'
        create: true
      when: '"pam" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6
      - NIST-800-53-SC-7(10)
      - PCI-DSSv4-3.3
      - PCI-DSSv4-3.3.1
      - PCI-DSSv4-3.3.1.1
      - disable_users_coredumps
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - restrict_strategy
    
    Group   Services   Group contains 33 groups and 64 rules
    [ref]   The best protection against vulnerable software is running less software. This section describes how to review the software which OpenEmbedded installs on a system and disable software which is not needed. It then enumerates the software packages installed on a default OpenEmbedded system and provides guidance about which ones can be safely disabled.

    OpenEmbedded provides a convenient minimal install option that essentially installs the bare necessities for a functional system. When building OpenEmbedded systems, it is highly recommended to select the minimal packages and then build up the system from there.
    Group   Avahi Server   Group contains 1 group and 1 rule
    [ref]   The Avahi daemon implements the DNS Service Discovery and Multicast DNS protocols, which provide service and host discovery on a network. It allows a system to automatically identify resources on the network, such as printers or web servers. This capability is also known as mDNSresponder and is a major part of Zeroconf networking.
    Group   Disable Avahi Server if Possible   Group contains 1 rule
    [ref]   Because the Avahi daemon service keeps an open network port, it is subject to network attacks. Disabling it can reduce the system's vulnerability to such attacks.

    Rule   Disable Avahi Server Software   [ref]

    The avahi-daemon service can be disabled with the following command:
    $ sudo systemctl mask --now avahi-daemon.service
    Rationale:
    Because the Avahi daemon service keeps an open network port, it is subject to network attacks. Its functionality is convenient but is only appropriate if the local network can be trusted.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_avahi-daemon_disabled
    References:
    cis-csc11, 14, 3, 9
    cobit5BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.05, DSS06.06
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.9.1.2
    nistCM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a)
    nist-csfPR.IP-1, PR.PT-3
    pcidss42.2.4, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:enable
    include disable_avahi-daemon
    
    class disable_avahi-daemon {
      service {'avahi-daemon':
        enable => false,
        ensure => 'stopped',
      }
    }
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.4
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - service_avahi-daemon_disabled
    
    - name: Disable Avahi Server Software - Collect systemd Services Present in the System
      ansible.builtin.command: systemctl -q list-unit-files --type service
      register: service_exists
      changed_when: false
      failed_when: service_exists.rc not in [0, 1]
      check_mode: false
      when: ( "avahi" in ansible_facts.packages and "kernel" in ansible_facts.packages
        )
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.4
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - service_avahi-daemon_disabled
    
    - name: Disable Avahi Server Software - Ensure avahi-daemon.service is Masked
      ansible.builtin.systemd:
        name: avahi-daemon.service
        state: stopped
        enabled: false
        masked: true
      when:
      - ( "avahi" in ansible_facts.packages and "kernel" in ansible_facts.packages )
      - service_exists.stdout_lines is search("avahi-daemon.service", multiline=True)
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.4
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - service_avahi-daemon_disabled
    
    - name: Unit Socket Exists - avahi-daemon.socket
      ansible.builtin.command: systemctl -q list-unit-files avahi-daemon.socket
      register: socket_file_exists
      changed_when: false
      failed_when: socket_file_exists.rc not in [0, 1]
      check_mode: false
      when: ( "avahi" in ansible_facts.packages and "kernel" in ansible_facts.packages
        )
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.4
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - service_avahi-daemon_disabled
    
    - name: Disable Avahi Server Software - Disable Socket avahi-daemon
      ansible.builtin.systemd:
        name: avahi-daemon.socket
        enabled: false
        state: stopped
        masked: true
      when:
      - ( "avahi" in ansible_facts.packages and "kernel" in ansible_facts.packages )
      - socket_file_exists.stdout_lines is search("avahi-daemon.socket", multiline=True)
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.4
      - disable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - service_avahi-daemon_disabled
    

    
    [customizations.services]
    masked = ["avahi-daemon"]
    
    Group   Cron and At Daemons   Group contains 1 group and 27 rules
    [ref]   The cron and at services are used to allow commands to be executed at a later time. The cron service is required by almost all systems to perform necessary maintenance tasks, while at may or may not be required on a given system. Both daemons should be configured defensively.
    Group   Restrict at and cron to Authorized Users if Necessary   Group contains 8 rules
    [ref]   The /etc/cron.allow and /etc/at.allow files contain lists of users who are allowed to use cron and at to delay execution of processes. If these files exist and if the corresponding files /etc/cron.deny and /etc/at.deny do not exist, then only users listed in the relevant allow files can run the crontab and at commands to submit jobs to be run at scheduled intervals. On many systems, only the system administrator needs the ability to schedule jobs. Note that even if a given user is not listed in cron.allow, cron jobs can still be run as that user. The cron.allow file controls only administrative access to the crontab command for scheduling and modifying cron jobs.

    To restrict at and cron to only authorized users:
    • Remove the cron.deny file:
      $ sudo rm /etc/cron.deny
    • Edit /etc/cron.allow, adding one line for each user allowed to use the crontab command to create cron jobs.
    • Remove the at.deny file:
      $ sudo rm /etc/at.deny
    • Edit /etc/at.allow, adding one line for each user allowed to use the at command to create at jobs.

    Rule   Ensure that /etc/at.deny does not exist   [ref]

    The file /etc/at.deny should not exist. Use /etc/at.allow instead.
    Rationale:
    Access to at should be restricted. It is easier to manage an allow list than a deny list.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_at_deny_not_exist
    References:
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - disable_strategy
      - file_at_deny_not_exist
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Remove /etc/at.deny
      file:
        path: /etc/at.deny
        state: absent
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - disable_strategy
      - file_at_deny_not_exist
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:disable
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    if [[ -f  /etc/at.deny ]]; then
            rm /etc/at.deny
        fi
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Ensure that /etc/cron.deny does not exist   [ref]

    The file /etc/cron.deny should not exist. Use /etc/cron.allow instead.
    Rationale:
    Access to cron should be restricted. It is easier to manage an allow list than a deny list.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_cron_deny_not_exist
    References:
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:disable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - disable_strategy
      - file_cron_deny_not_exist
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Remove /etc/cron.deny
      file:
        path: /etc/cron.deny
        state: absent
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - disable_strategy
      - file_cron_deny_not_exist
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:disable
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    if [[ -f  /etc/cron.deny ]]; then
            rm /etc/cron.deny
        fi
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Verify Group Who Owns /etc/at.allow file   [ref]

    If /etc/at.allow exists, it must be group-owned by root. To properly set the group owner of /etc/at.allow, run the command:
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/at.allow
    Rationale:
    If the owner of the at.allow file is not set to root, the possibility exists for an unauthorized user to view or edit sensitive information.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_at_allow
    References:
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_at_allow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Test for existence /etc/at.allow
      stat:
        path: /etc/at.allow
      register: file_exists
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_at_allow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure group owner 0 on /etc/at.allow
      file:
        path: /etc/at.allow
        group: '0'
      when:
      - '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      - file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_at_allow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    chgrp 0 /etc/at.allow
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Verify Group Who Owns /etc/cron.allow file   [ref]

    If /etc/cron.allow exists, it must be group-owned by root. To properly set the group owner of /etc/cron.allow, run the command:
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/cron.allow
    Rationale:
    If the owner of the cron.allow file is not set to root, the possibility exists for an unauthorized user to view or edit sensitive information.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_cron_allow
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_cron_allow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Test for existence /etc/cron.allow
      stat:
        path: /etc/cron.allow
      register: file_exists
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_cron_allow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure group owner 0 on /etc/cron.allow
      file:
        path: /etc/cron.allow
        group: '0'
      when:
      - '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      - file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_cron_allow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    chgrp 0 /etc/cron.allow
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Verify User Who Owns /etc/at.allow file   [ref]

    If /etc/at.allow exists, it must be owned by root. To properly set the owner of /etc/at.allow, run the command:
    $ sudo chown root /etc/at.allow 
    Rationale:
    If the owner of the at.allow file is not set to root, the possibility exists for an unauthorized user to view or edit sensitive information.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_at_allow
    References:
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_at_allow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Test for existence /etc/at.allow
      stat:
        path: /etc/at.allow
      register: file_exists
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_at_allow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure owner 0 on /etc/at.allow
      file:
        path: /etc/at.allow
        owner: '0'
      when:
      - '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      - file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_at_allow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    chown 0 /etc/at.allow
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Verify User Who Owns /etc/cron.allow file   [ref]

    If /etc/cron.allow exists, it must be owned by root. To properly set the owner of /etc/cron.allow, run the command:
    $ sudo chown root /etc/cron.allow 
    Rationale:
    If the owner of the cron.allow file is not set to root, the possibility exists for an unauthorized user to view or edit sensitive information.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_cron_allow
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_cron_allow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Test for existence /etc/cron.allow
      stat:
        path: /etc/cron.allow
      register: file_exists
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_cron_allow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure owner 0 on /etc/cron.allow
      file:
        path: /etc/cron.allow
        owner: '0'
      when:
      - '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      - file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_cron_allow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    chown 0 /etc/cron.allow
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Verify Permissions on /etc/at.allow file   [ref]

    If /etc/at.allow exists, it must have permissions 0640 or more restrictive. To properly set the permissions of /etc/at.allow, run the command:
    $ sudo chmod 0640 /etc/at.allow
    Rationale:
    If the permissions of the at.allow file are not set to 0640 or more restrictive, the possibility exists for an unauthorized user to view or edit sensitive information.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_at_allow
    References:
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_at_allow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Test for existence /etc/at.allow
      stat:
        path: /etc/at.allow
      register: file_exists
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_at_allow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure permission u-xs,g-xws,o-xwrt on /etc/at.allow
      file:
        path: /etc/at.allow
        mode: u-xs,g-xws,o-xwrt
      when:
      - '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      - file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_at_allow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    chmod u-xs,g-xws,o-xwrt /etc/at.allow
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Verify Permissions on /etc/cron.allow file   [ref]

    If /etc/cron.allow exists, it must have permissions 0640 or more restrictive. To properly set the permissions of /etc/cron.allow, run the command:
    $ sudo chmod 0640 /etc/cron.allow
    Rationale:
    If the permissions of the cron.allow file are not set to 0640 or more restrictive, the possibility exists for an unauthorized user to view or edit sensitive information.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_cron_allow
    References:
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_cron_allow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Test for existence /etc/cron.allow
      stat:
        path: /etc/cron.allow
      register: file_exists
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_cron_allow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure permission u-xs,g-xws,o-xwrt on /etc/cron.allow
      file:
        path: /etc/cron.allow
        mode: u-xs,g-xws,o-xwrt
      when:
      - '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      - file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_cron_allow
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    chmod u-xs,g-xws,o-xwrt /etc/cron.allow
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Enable cron Service   [ref]

    The crond service is used to execute commands at preconfigured times. It is required by almost all systems to perform necessary maintenance tasks, such as notifying root of system activity. The crond service can be enabled with the following command:
    $ sudo systemctl enable crond.service
    Rationale:
    Due to its usage for maintenance and security-supporting tasks, enabling the cron daemon is essential.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_crond_enabled
    References:
    cis-csc11, 14, 3, 9
    cobit5BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.05, DSS06.06
    hipaa164.308(a)(4)(i), 164.308(b)(1), 164.308(b)(3), 164.310(b), 164.312(e)(1), 164.312(e)(2)(ii)
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 7.6
    iso27001-2013A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.9.1.2
    nistCM-6(a)
    nist-csfPR.IP-1, PR.PT-3

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:enable
    include enable_crond
    
    class enable_crond {
      service {'crond':
        enable => true,
        ensure => 'running',
      }
    }
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:enable
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - enable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - service_crond_enabled
    
    - name: Enable cron Service - Enable service crond
      block:
    
      - name: Gather the package facts
        package_facts:
          manager: auto
    
      - name: Enable cron Service - Enable Service crond
        ansible.builtin.systemd:
          name: crond
          enabled: true
          state: started
          masked: false
        when:
        - '"cronie" in ansible_facts.packages'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - enable_strategy
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
      - service_crond_enabled
    

    
    [customizations.services]
    enabled = ["crond"]
    

    Rule   Verify Group Who Owns cron.d   [ref]

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/cron.d, run the command:
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/cron.d
    Rationale:
    Service configuration files enable or disable features of their respective services that if configured incorrectly can lead to insecure and vulnerable configurations. Therefore, service configuration files should be owned by the correct group to prevent unauthorized changes.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_cron_d
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_cron_d
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure group owner on /etc/cron.d/
      file:
        path: /etc/cron.d/
        state: directory
        group: '0'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_cron_d
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    find -H /etc/cron.d/ -maxdepth 1 -type d -exec chgrp -L 0 {} \;
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Verify Group Who Owns cron.daily   [ref]

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/cron.daily, run the command:
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/cron.daily
    Rationale:
    Service configuration files enable or disable features of their respective services that if configured incorrectly can lead to insecure and vulnerable configurations. Therefore, service configuration files should be owned by the correct group to prevent unauthorized changes.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_cron_daily
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_cron_daily
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure group owner on /etc/cron.daily/
      file:
        path: /etc/cron.daily/
        state: directory
        group: '0'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_cron_daily
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    find -H /etc/cron.daily/ -maxdepth 1 -type d -exec chgrp -L 0 {} \;
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Verify Group Who Owns cron.hourly   [ref]

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/cron.hourly, run the command:
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/cron.hourly
    Rationale:
    Service configuration files enable or disable features of their respective services that if configured incorrectly can lead to insecure and vulnerable configurations. Therefore, service configuration files should be owned by the correct group to prevent unauthorized changes.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_cron_hourly
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_cron_hourly
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure group owner on /etc/cron.hourly/
      file:
        path: /etc/cron.hourly/
        state: directory
        group: '0'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_cron_hourly
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    find -H /etc/cron.hourly/ -maxdepth 1 -type d -exec chgrp -L 0 {} \;
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Verify Group Who Owns cron.monthly   [ref]

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/cron.monthly, run the command:
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/cron.monthly
    Rationale:
    Service configuration files enable or disable features of their respective services that if configured incorrectly can lead to insecure and vulnerable configurations. Therefore, service configuration files should be owned by the correct group to prevent unauthorized changes.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_cron_monthly
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_cron_monthly
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure group owner on /etc/cron.monthly/
      file:
        path: /etc/cron.monthly/
        state: directory
        group: '0'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_cron_monthly
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    find -H /etc/cron.monthly/ -maxdepth 1 -type d -exec chgrp -L 0 {} \;
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Verify Group Who Owns cron.weekly   [ref]

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/cron.weekly, run the command:
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/cron.weekly
    Rationale:
    Service configuration files enable or disable features of their respective services that if configured incorrectly can lead to insecure and vulnerable configurations. Therefore, service configuration files should be owned by the correct group to prevent unauthorized changes.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_cron_weekly
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_cron_weekly
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure group owner on /etc/cron.weekly/
      file:
        path: /etc/cron.weekly/
        state: directory
        group: '0'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_cron_weekly
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    find -H /etc/cron.weekly/ -maxdepth 1 -type d -exec chgrp -L 0 {} \;
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Verify Group Who Owns Crontab   [ref]

    To properly set the group owner of /etc/crontab, run the command:
    $ sudo chgrp root /etc/crontab
    Rationale:
    Service configuration files enable or disable features of their respective services that if configured incorrectly can lead to insecure and vulnerable configurations. Therefore, service configuration files should be owned by the correct group to prevent unauthorized changes.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_crontab
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_crontab
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Test for existence /etc/crontab
      stat:
        path: /etc/crontab
      register: file_exists
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_crontab
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure group owner 0 on /etc/crontab
      file:
        path: /etc/crontab
        group: '0'
      when:
      - '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      - file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_groupowner_crontab
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    chgrp 0 /etc/crontab
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Verify Owner on cron.d   [ref]

    To properly set the owner of /etc/cron.d, run the command:
    $ sudo chown root /etc/cron.d 
    Rationale:
    Service configuration files enable or disable features of their respective services that if configured incorrectly can lead to insecure and vulnerable configurations. Therefore, service configuration files should be owned by the correct user to prevent unauthorized changes.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_cron_d
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_cron_d
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure owner on directory /etc/cron.d/
      file:
        path: /etc/cron.d/
        state: directory
        owner: '0'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_cron_d
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    find -H /etc/cron.d/ -maxdepth 1 -type d -exec chown -L 0 {} \;
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Verify Owner on cron.daily   [ref]

    To properly set the owner of /etc/cron.daily, run the command:
    $ sudo chown root /etc/cron.daily 
    Rationale:
    Service configuration files enable or disable features of their respective services that if configured incorrectly can lead to insecure and vulnerable configurations. Therefore, service configuration files should be owned by the correct user to prevent unauthorized changes.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_cron_daily
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_cron_daily
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure owner on directory /etc/cron.daily/
      file:
        path: /etc/cron.daily/
        state: directory
        owner: '0'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_cron_daily
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    find -H /etc/cron.daily/ -maxdepth 1 -type d -exec chown -L 0 {} \;
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Verify Owner on cron.hourly   [ref]

    To properly set the owner of /etc/cron.hourly, run the command:
    $ sudo chown root /etc/cron.hourly 
    Rationale:
    Service configuration files enable or disable features of their respective services that if configured incorrectly can lead to insecure and vulnerable configurations. Therefore, service configuration files should be owned by the correct user to prevent unauthorized changes.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_cron_hourly
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_cron_hourly
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure owner on directory /etc/cron.hourly/
      file:
        path: /etc/cron.hourly/
        state: directory
        owner: '0'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_cron_hourly
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    find -H /etc/cron.hourly/ -maxdepth 1 -type d -exec chown -L 0 {} \;
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Verify Owner on cron.monthly   [ref]

    To properly set the owner of /etc/cron.monthly, run the command:
    $ sudo chown root /etc/cron.monthly 
    Rationale:
    Service configuration files enable or disable features of their respective services that if configured incorrectly can lead to insecure and vulnerable configurations. Therefore, service configuration files should be owned by the correct user to prevent unauthorized changes.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_cron_monthly
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_cron_monthly
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure owner on directory /etc/cron.monthly/
      file:
        path: /etc/cron.monthly/
        state: directory
        owner: '0'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_cron_monthly
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    find -H /etc/cron.monthly/ -maxdepth 1 -type d -exec chown -L 0 {} \;
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Verify Owner on cron.weekly   [ref]

    To properly set the owner of /etc/cron.weekly, run the command:
    $ sudo chown root /etc/cron.weekly 
    Rationale:
    Service configuration files enable or disable features of their respective services that if configured incorrectly can lead to insecure and vulnerable configurations. Therefore, service configuration files should be owned by the correct user to prevent unauthorized changes.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_cron_weekly
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_cron_weekly
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure owner on directory /etc/cron.weekly/
      file:
        path: /etc/cron.weekly/
        state: directory
        owner: '0'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_cron_weekly
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    find -H /etc/cron.weekly/ -maxdepth 1 -type d -exec chown -L 0 {} \;
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Verify Owner on crontab   [ref]

    To properly set the owner of /etc/crontab, run the command:
    $ sudo chown root /etc/crontab 
    Rationale:
    Service configuration files enable or disable features of their respective services that if configured incorrectly can lead to insecure and vulnerable configurations. Therefore, service configuration files should be owned by the correct user to prevent unauthorized changes.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_crontab
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_crontab
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Test for existence /etc/crontab
      stat:
        path: /etc/crontab
      register: file_exists
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_crontab
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Ensure owner 0 on /etc/crontab
      file:
        path: /etc/crontab
        owner: '0'
      when:
      - '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      - file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_owner_crontab
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    chown 0 /etc/crontab
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Verify Permissions on cron.d   [ref]

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/cron.d, run the command:
    $ sudo chmod 0700 /etc/cron.d
    Rationale:
    Service configuration files enable or disable features of their respective services that if configured incorrectly can lead to insecure and vulnerable configurations. Therefore, service configuration files should have the correct access rights to prevent unauthorized changes.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_cron_d
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss42.2.6, 2.2

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    - name: Gather the package facts
      package_facts:
        manager: auto
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_cron_d
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Find /etc/cron.d/ file(s)
      command: 'find -H /etc/cron.d/ -maxdepth 1 -perm /u+s,g+xwrs,o+xwrt  -type d '
      register: files_found
      changed_when: false
      failed_when: false
      check_mode: false
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_cron_d
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    
    - name: Set permissions for /etc/cron.d/ file(s)
      file:
        path: '{{ item }}'
        mode: u-s,g-xwrs,o-xwrt
        state: directory
      with_items:
      - '{{ files_found.stdout_lines }}'
      when: '"kernel" in ansible_facts.packages'
      tags:
      - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
      - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
      - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
      - configure_strategy
      - file_permissions_cron_d
      - low_complexity
      - low_disruption
      - medium_severity
      - no_reboot_needed
    

    Complexity:low
    Disruption:low
    Reboot:false
    Strategy:configure
    # Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
    if rpm --quiet -q kernel; then
    
    find -H /etc/cron.d/ -maxdepth 1 -perm /u+s,g+xwrs,o+xwrt -type d -exec chmod u-s,g-xwrs,o-xwrt {} \;
    
    else
        >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
    fi
    

    Rule   Verify Permissions on cron.daily   [ref]

    To properly set the permissions of /etc/cron.daily, run the command:
    $ sudo chmod 0700 /etc/cron.daily
    Rationale:
    Service configuration files enable or disable features of their respective services that if configured incorrectly can lead to insecure and vulnerable configurations. Therefore, service configuration files should have the correct access rights to prevent unauthorized changes.
    Severity: 
    medium
    Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_cron_daily
    References:
    cis-csc12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
    cobit5APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
    disaCCI-000366
    isa-62443-20094.3.3.7.3
    isa-62443-2013SR 2.1, SR 5.2
    iso27001-2013A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
    nistCM-6(a), AC-6(1)
    nist-csfPR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
    os-srgSRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
    pcidss4