Guide to the Secure Configuration of SUSE Linux Enterprise 15

with profile Standard System Security Profile for SUSE Linux Enterprise 15
This profile contains rules to ensure standard security baseline of a SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 system based off of the SUSE Hardening Guide. Regardless of your system's workload all of these checks should pass.

The SCAP Security Guide Project
https://www.open-scap.org/security-policies/scap-security-guide

This guide presents a catalog of security-relevant configuration settings for SUSE Linux Enterprise 15. It is a rendering of content structured in the eXtensible Configuration Checklist Description Format (XCCDF) in order to support security automation. The SCAP content is is available in the scap-security-guide package which is developed at https://www.open-scap.org/security-policies/scap-security-guide.

Providing system administrators with such guidance informs them how to securely configure systems under their control in a variety of network roles. Policy makers and baseline creators can use this catalog of settings, with its associated references to higher-level security control catalogs, in order to assist them in security baseline creation. This guide is a catalog, not a checklist, and satisfaction of every item is not likely to be possible or sensible in many operational scenarios. However, the XCCDF format enables granular selection and adjustment of settings, and their association with OVAL and OCIL content provides an automated checking capability. Transformations of this document, and its associated automated checking content, are capable of providing baselines that meet a diverse set of policy objectives. Some example XCCDF Profiles, which are selections of items that form checklists and can be used as baselines, are available with this guide. They can be processed, in an automated fashion, with tools that support the Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP). The DISA STIG, which provides required settings for US Department of Defense systems, is one example of a baseline created from this guidance.

Do not attempt to implement any of the settings in this guide without first testing them in a non-operational environment. The creators of this guidance assume no responsibility whatsoever for its use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied, about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic.

Profile Information

Profile Title	Standard System Security Profile for SUSE Linux Enterprise 15
Profile ID	xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_profile_standard

CPE Platforms

cpe:/o:suse:linux_enterprise_desktop:15
cpe:/o:suse:linux_enterprise_server:15

Revision History

Current version: 0.1.75

draft (as of 2024-09-06)

System Settings
Services
System Accounting with auditd
1. Configure auditd Rules for Comprehensive Auditing

Checklist

Group Guide to the Secure Configuration of SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 Group contains 44 groups and 110 rules

Group System Settings Group contains 27 groups and 56 rules

[ref] Contains rules that check correct system settings.

Group Installing and Maintaining Software Group contains 4 groups and 7 rules

[ref] The following sections contain information on security-relevant choices during the initial operating system installation process and the setup of software updates.

Group System and Software Integrity Group contains 1 group and 1 rule

[ref] System and software integrity can be gained by installing antivirus, increasing system encryption strength with FIPS, verifying installed software, enabling SELinux, installing an Intrusion Prevention System, etc. However, installing or enabling integrity checking tools cannot prevent intrusions, but they can detect that an intrusion may have occurred. Requirements for integrity checking may be highly dependent on the environment in which the system will be used. Snapshot-based approaches such as AIDE may induce considerable overhead in the presence of frequent software updates.

Group Operating System Vendor Support and Certification Group contains 1 rule

[ref] The assurance of a vendor to provide operating system support and maintenance for their product is an important criterion to ensure product stability and security over the life of the product. A certified product that follows the necessary standards and government certification requirements guarantees that known software vulnerabilities will be remediated, and proper guidance for protecting and securing the operating system will be given.

Rule The Installed Operating System Is Vendor Supported [ref]

The installed operating system must be maintained by a vendor. SUSE Linux Enterprise is supported by SUSE. As the SUSE Linux Enterprise vendor, SUSE is responsible for providing security patches.

Warning: There is no remediation besides switching to a different operating system.

Rationale:

An operating system is considered "supported" if the vendor continues to provide security patches for the product. With an unsupported release, it will not be possible to resolve any security issue discovered in the system software.

Severity:

high

Rule ID:

xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_installed_OS_is_vendor_supported

Identifiers:

CCE-83260-0

References:

cis-csc	18, 20, 4
cobit5	APO12.01, APO12.02, APO12.03, APO12.04, BAI03.10, DSS05.01, DSS05.02
disa	CCI-000366
isa-62443-2009	4.2.3, 4.2.3.12, 4.2.3.7, 4.2.3.9
iso27001-2013	A.12.6.1, A.14.2.3, A.16.1.3, A.18.2.2, A.18.2.3
nist	CM-6(a), MA-6, SA-13(a)
nist-csf	ID.RA-1, PR.IP-12
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
stigid	SLES-15-010000
stigref	SV-234800r991589_rule

Group Disk Partitioning Group contains 5 rules

[ref] To ensure separation and protection of data, there are top-level system directories which should be placed on their own physical partition or logical volume. The installer's default partitioning scheme creates separate logical volumes for /, /boot, and swap.

If starting with any of the default layouts, check the box to \"Review and modify partitioning.\" This allows for the easy creation of additional logical volumes inside the volume group already created, though it may require making /'s logical volume smaller to create space. In general, using logical volumes is preferable to using partitions because they can be more easily adjusted later.
If creating a custom layout, create the partitions mentioned in the previous paragraph (which the installer will require anyway), as well as separate ones described in the following sections.

If a system has already been installed, and the default partitioning scheme was used, it is possible but nontrivial to modify it to create separate logical volumes for the directories listed above. The Logical Volume Manager (LVM) makes this possible.

Rule Ensure /home Located On Separate Partition [ref]

If user home directories will be stored locally, create a separate partition for /home at installation time (or migrate it later using LVM). If /home will be mounted from another system such as an NFS server, then creating a separate partition is not necessary at installation time, and the mountpoint can instead be configured later.

Rationale:

Ensuring that /home is mounted on its own partition enables the setting of more restrictive mount options, and also helps ensure that users cannot trivially fill partitions used for log or audit data storage.

Severity:

low

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_partition_for_home

Identifiers:

CCE-85639-3

References:

cis-csc	12, 15, 8
cobit5	APO13.01, DSS05.02
disa	CCI-000366, CCI-001208
isa-62443-2013	SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 7.1, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.13.1.1, A.13.2.1, A.14.1.3
nist	CM-6(a), SC-5(2)
nist-csf	PR.PT-4
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
stigid	SLES-15-040200
cis	1.1.17
anssi	R28
stigref	SV-235004r991589_rule

Rule Ensure /tmp Located On Separate Partition [ref]

The /tmp directory is a world-writable directory used for temporary file storage. Ensure it has its own partition or logical volume at installation time, or migrate it using LVM.

Rationale:

The /tmp partition is used as temporary storage by many programs. Placing /tmp in its own partition enables the setting of more restrictive mount options, which can help protect programs which use it.

Severity:

low

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_partition_for_tmp

Identifiers:

CCE-91179-2

References:

cis-csc	12, 15, 8
cobit5	APO13.01, DSS05.02
disa	CCI-000366
isa-62443-2013	SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 7.1, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.13.1.1, A.13.2.1, A.14.1.3
nist	CM-6(a), SC-5(2)
nist-csf	PR.PT-4
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
cis	1.1.2

Rule Ensure /var Located On Separate Partition [ref]

The /var directory is used by daemons and other system services to store frequently-changing data. Ensure that /var has its own partition or logical volume at installation time, or migrate it using LVM.

Rationale:

Ensuring that /var is mounted on its own partition enables the setting of more restrictive mount options. This helps protect system services such as daemons or other programs which use it. It is not uncommon for the /var directory to contain world-writable directories installed by other software packages.

Severity:

low

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_partition_for_var

Identifiers:

CCE-85640-1

References:

cis-csc	12, 15, 8
cobit5	APO13.01, DSS05.02
disa	CCI-000366
isa-62443-2013	SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 7.1, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.13.1.1, A.13.2.1, A.14.1.3
nist	CM-6(a), SC-5(2)
nist-csf	PR.PT-4
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
stigid	SLES-15-040210
cis	1.1.10
anssi	R28
stigref	SV-235005r991589_rule

Rule Ensure /var/log Located On Separate Partition [ref]

System logs are stored in the /var/log directory. Ensure that /var/log has its own partition or logical volume at installation time, or migrate it using LVM.

Rationale:

Placing /var/log in its own partition enables better separation between log files and other files in /var/.

Severity:

low

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_partition_for_var_log

Identifiers:

CCE-91181-8

References:

cis-csc	1, 12, 14, 15, 16, 3, 5, 6, 8
cobit5	APO11.04, APO13.01, BAI03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, MEA02.01
disa	CCI-000366
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.3.9, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.4.4.7, 4.4.2.1, 4.4.2.2, 4.4.2.4
isa-62443-2013	SR 2.10, SR 2.11, SR 2.12, SR 2.8, SR 2.9, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 7.1, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.12.4.1, A.12.4.2, A.12.4.3, A.12.4.4, A.12.7.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.2.1, A.14.1.3
nerc-cip	CIP-007-3 R6.5
nist	CM-6(a), AU-4, SC-5(2)
nist-csf	PR.PT-1, PR.PT-4
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
cis	1.1.15
anssi	R28

Rule Ensure /var/log/audit Located On Separate Partition [ref]

Audit logs are stored in the /var/log/audit directory. Ensure that /var/log/audit has its own partition or logical volume at installation time, or migrate it using LVM. Make absolutely certain that it is large enough to store all audit logs that will be created by the auditing daemon.

Rationale:

Placing /var/log/audit in its own partition enables better separation between audit files and other files, and helps ensure that auditing cannot be halted due to the partition running out of space.

Severity:

low

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_partition_for_var_log_audit

Identifiers:

CCE-85618-7

References:

cis-csc	1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8
cobit5	APO11.04, APO13.01, BAI03.05, BAI04.04, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, MEA02.01
disa	CCI-000366, CCI-001849
hipaa	164.312(a)(2)(ii)
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.3.9, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.4.4.7, 4.4.2.1, 4.4.2.2, 4.4.2.4
isa-62443-2013	SR 2.10, SR 2.11, SR 2.12, SR 2.8, SR 2.9, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.12.1.3, A.12.4.1, A.12.4.2, A.12.4.3, A.12.4.4, A.12.7.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.2.1, A.14.1.3, A.17.2.1
nerc-cip	CIP-007-3 R6.5
nist	CM-6(a), AU-4, SC-5(2)
nist-csf	PR.DS-4, PR.PT-1, PR.PT-4
ospp	FMT_SMF_EXT.1
os-srg	SRG-OS-000341-GPOS-00132, SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
app-srg-ctr	SRG-APP-000357-CTR-000800
stigid	SLES-15-030810
cis	1.1.16
anssi	R71
stigref	SV-234980r991589_rule

Group Updating Software Group contains 1 rule

[ref] The zypper command line tool is used to install and update software packages. The system also provides a graphical software update tool in the System menu, in the Administration submenu, called Software Update.

SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 systems contain an installed software catalog called the RPM database, which records metadata of installed packages. Consistently using zypper or the graphical Software Update for all software installation allows for insight into the current inventory of installed software on the system.

Rule Ensure Software Patches Installed [ref]

If the system is configured for online updates, invoking the following command will list available security updates:

$ sudo zypper refresh && sudo zypper list-patches -g security

NOTE: U.S. Defense systems are required to be patched within 30 days or sooner as local policy dictates.

Warning: The OVAL feed of SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 is not a XML file, which may not be understood by all scanners.

Rationale:

Installing software updates is a fundamental mitigation against the exploitation of publicly-known vulnerabilities. If the most recent security patches and updates are not installed, unauthorized users may take advantage of weaknesses in the unpatched software. The lack of prompt attention to patching could result in a system compromise.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_security_patches_up_to_date

Identifiers:

CCE-83261-8

References:

cis-csc	18, 20, 4
cjis	5.10.4.1
cobit5	APO12.01, APO12.02, APO12.03, APO12.04, BAI03.10, DSS05.01, DSS05.02
disa	CCI-000366, CCI-001227
isa-62443-2009	4.2.3, 4.2.3.12, 4.2.3.7, 4.2.3.9
iso27001-2013	A.12.6.1, A.14.2.3, A.16.1.3, A.18.2.2, A.18.2.3
nist	SI-2(5), SI-2(c), CM-6(a)
nist-csf	ID.RA-1, PR.IP-12
ospp	FMT_MOF_EXT.1
pcidss	Req-6.2
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
stigid	SLES-15-010010
cis	1.9
anssi	R61
pcidss4	6.3.3, 6.3
stigref	SV-234802r991589_rule

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	high
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	patch



zypper patch -g security -y

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	high
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	patch

- name: Security patches are up to date
  package:
    name: '*'
    state: latest
  tags:
  - CCE-83261-8
  - CJIS-5.10.4.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-010010
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-SI-2(5)
  - NIST-800-53-SI-2(c)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-6.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-6.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-6.3.3
  - high_disruption
  - low_complexity
  - medium_severity
  - patch_strategy
  - reboot_required
  - security_patches_up_to_date
  - skip_ansible_lint

Group Account and Access Control Group contains 6 groups and 7 rules

[ref] In traditional Unix security, if an attacker gains shell access to a certain login account, they can perform any action or access any file to which that account has access. Therefore, making it more difficult for unauthorized people to gain shell access to accounts, particularly to privileged accounts, is a necessary part of securing a system. This section introduces mechanisms for restricting access to accounts under SUSE Linux Enterprise 15.

Group Protect Accounts by Configuring PAM Group contains 2 groups and 2 rules

[ref] PAM, or Pluggable Authentication Modules, is a system which implements modular authentication for Linux programs. PAM provides a flexible and configurable architecture for authentication, and it should be configured to minimize exposure to unnecessary risk. This section contains guidance on how to accomplish that.

PAM is implemented as a set of shared objects which are loaded and invoked whenever an application wishes to authenticate a user. Typically, the application must be running as root in order to take advantage of PAM, because PAM's modules often need to be able to access sensitive stores of account information, such as /etc/shadow. Traditional privileged network listeners (e.g. sshd) or SUID programs (e.g. sudo) already meet this requirement. An SUID root application, userhelper, is provided so that programs which are not SUID or privileged themselves can still take advantage of PAM.

PAM looks in the directory /etc/pam.d for application-specific configuration information. For instance, if the program login attempts to authenticate a user, then PAM's libraries follow the instructions in the file /etc/pam.d/login to determine what actions should be taken.

One very important file in /etc/pam.d is /etc/pam.d/system-auth. This file, which is included by many other PAM configuration files, defines 'default' system authentication measures. Modifying this file is a good way to make far-reaching authentication changes, for instance when implementing a centralized authentication service.

Warning: Be careful when making changes to PAM's configuration files. The syntax for these files is complex, and modifications can have unexpected consequences. The default configurations shipped with applications should be sufficient for most users.

Warning: Running authconfig or system-config-authentication will re-write the PAM configuration files, destroying any manually made changes and replacing them with a series of system defaults. One reference to the configuration file syntax can be found at https://fossies.org/linux/Linux-PAM-docs/doc/sag/Linux-PAM_SAG.pdf.

Group Set Password Quality Requirements Group contains 1 group and 1 rule

[ref] The default pam_pwquality PAM module provides strength checking for passwords. It performs a number of checks, such as making sure passwords are not similar to dictionary words, are of at least a certain length, are not the previous password reversed, and are not simply a change of case from the previous password. It can also require passwords to be in certain character classes. The pam_pwquality module is the preferred way of configuring password requirements.

The man pages pam_pwquality(8) provide information on the capabilities and configuration of each.

Group Set Password Quality Requirements with pam_pwquality Group contains 1 rule

[ref] The pam_pwquality PAM module can be configured to meet requirements for a variety of policies.

For example, to configure pam_pwquality to require at least one uppercase character, lowercase character, digit, and other (special) character, make sure that pam_pwquality exists in /etc/pam.d/system-auth:

password    requisite     pam_pwquality.so try_first_pass local_users_only retry=3 authtok_type=

If no such line exists, add one as the first line of the password section in /etc/pam.d/system-auth. Next, modify the settings in /etc/security/pwquality.conf to match the following:

difok = 4
minlen = 14
dcredit = -1
ucredit = -1
lcredit = -1
ocredit = -1
maxrepeat = 3

The arguments can be modified to ensure compliance with your organization's security policy. Discussion of each parameter follows.

Rule Ensure PAM Enforces Password Requirements - Authentication Retry Prompts Permitted Per-Session [ref]

To configure the number of retry prompts that are permitted per-session: Edit the pam_pwquality.so statement in /etc/pam.d/system-auth to show

retry=3

, or a lower value if site policy is more restrictive. The DoD requirement is a maximum of 3 prompts per session.

Rationale:

Setting the password retry prompts that are permitted on a per-session basis to a low value requires some software, such as SSH, to re-connect. This can slow down and draw additional attention to some types of password-guessing attacks. Note that this is different from account lockout, which is provided by the pam_faillock module.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_password_pam_retry

References:

cis-csc	1, 11, 12, 15, 16, 3, 5, 9
cjis	5.5.3
cobit5	BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS05.10, DSS06.03, DSS06.10
disa	CCI-000192, CCI-000366
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.2.2, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.18.1.4, A.7.1.1, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.2.4, A.9.2.6, A.9.3.1, A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3
nist	CM-6(a), AC-7(a), IA-5(4)
nist-csf	PR.AC-1, PR.AC-6, PR.AC-7, PR.IP-1
ospp	FMT_MOF_EXT.1
os-srg	SRG-OS-000069-GPOS-00037, SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
anssi	R68

Remediation Shell script ⇲

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if rpm --quiet -q pam; then

var_password_pam_retry='3'



	
		if [ -e "/etc/pam.d/system-auth" ] ; then
    PAM_FILE_PATH="/etc/pam.d/system-auth"
    if [ -f /usr/bin/authselect ]; then
        
        if ! authselect check; then
        echo "
        authselect integrity check failed. Remediation aborted!
        This remediation could not be applied because an authselect profile was not selected or the selected profile is not intact.
        It is not recommended to manually edit the PAM files when authselect tool is available.
        In cases where the default authselect profile does not cover a specific demand, a custom authselect profile is recommended."
        exit 1
        fi

        CURRENT_PROFILE=$(authselect current -r | awk '{ print $1 }')
        # If not already in use, a custom profile is created preserving the enabled features.
        if [[ ! $CURRENT_PROFILE == custom/* ]]; then
            ENABLED_FEATURES=$(authselect current | tail -n+3 | awk '{ print $2 }')
            authselect create-profile hardening -b $CURRENT_PROFILE
            CURRENT_PROFILE="custom/hardening"
            
            authselect apply-changes -b --backup=before-hardening-custom-profile
            authselect select $CURRENT_PROFILE
            for feature in $ENABLED_FEATURES; do
                authselect enable-feature $feature;
            done
            
            authselect apply-changes -b --backup=after-hardening-custom-profile
        fi
        PAM_FILE_NAME=$(basename "/etc/pam.d/system-auth")
        PAM_FILE_PATH="/etc/authselect/$CURRENT_PROFILE/$PAM_FILE_NAME"

        authselect apply-changes -b
    fi
    if ! grep -qP "^\s*password\s+requisite\s+pam_pwquality.so\s*.*" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"; then
            # Line matching group + control + module was not found. Check group + module.
            if [ "$(grep -cP '^\s*password\s+.*\s+pam_pwquality.so\s*' "$PAM_FILE_PATH")" -eq 1 ]; then
                # The control is updated only if one single line matches.
                sed -i -E --follow-symlinks "s/^(\s*password\s+).*(\bpam_pwquality.so.*)/\1requisite \2/" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"
            else
                LAST_MATCH_LINE=$(grep -nP "^\s*account" "$PAM_FILE_PATH" | tail -n 1 | cut -d: -f 1)
                if [ ! -z $LAST_MATCH_LINE ]; then
                    sed -i --follow-symlinks $LAST_MATCH_LINE" a password     requisite    pam_pwquality.so" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"
                else
                    echo "password    requisite    pam_pwquality.so" >> "$PAM_FILE_PATH"
                fi
            fi
        fi
        # Check the option
        if ! grep -qP "^\s*password\s+requisite\s+pam_pwquality.so\s*.*\sretry\b" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"; then
            sed -i -E --follow-symlinks "/\s*password\s+requisite\s+pam_pwquality.so.*/ s/$/ retry=$var_password_pam_retry/" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"
        else
            sed -i -E --follow-symlinks "s/(\s*password\s+requisite\s+pam_pwquality.so\s+.*)(retry=)[[:alnum:]]+\s*(.*)/\1\2$var_password_pam_retry \3/" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"
        fi
    if [ -f /usr/bin/authselect ]; then
        
        authselect apply-changes -b
    fi
else
    echo "/etc/pam.d/system-auth was not found" >&2
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Rule Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification [ref]

To configure the system to notify users of last logon/access using pam_lastlog, add or correct the pam_lastlog settings in /etc/pam.d/login to include showfailed option, such as:

session     optional    pam_lastlog.so showfailed

And make sure that the silent option is not set for this specific line.

Warning: If the system relies on authselect tool to manage PAM settings, the remediation will also use authselect tool. However, if any manual modification was made in PAM files, the authselect integrity check will fail and the remediation will be aborted in order to preserve intentional changes. In this case, an informative message will be shown in the remediation report.

Warning: authselect contains an authselect feature to easily and properly enable Last Logon notifications with pam_lastlog.so module. If a custom profile was created and used in the system before this authselect feature was available, the new feature can't be used with this custom profile and the remediation will fail. In this case, the custom profile should be recreated or manually updated.

Rationale:

Users need to be aware of activity that occurs regarding their account. Providing users with information regarding the number of unsuccessful attempts that were made to login to their account allows the user to determine if any unauthorized activity has occurred and gives them an opportunity to notify administrators.

Severity:

low

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_display_login_attempts

Identifiers:

CCE-85560-1

References:

cis-csc	1, 12, 15, 16
cjis	5.5.2
cobit5	DSS05.04, DSS05.10, DSS06.10
disa	CCI-000052
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.2, SR 1.5, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9
ism	0582, 0584, 05885, 0586, 0846, 0957
iso27001-2013	A.18.1.4, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.4, A.9.3.1, A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3
nist	AC-9, AC-9(1)
nist-csf	PR.AC-7
pcidss	Req-10.2.4
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
stigid	SLES-15-020080
pcidss4	10.2.1.4, 10.2.1, 10.2
stigref	SV-234873r991589_rule

Remediation Shell script ⇲

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if rpm --quiet -q pam; then

if [ -f /usr/bin/authselect ]; then
    if authselect list-features sssd | grep -q with-silent-lastlog; then
        if ! authselect check; then
        echo "
        authselect integrity check failed. Remediation aborted!
        This remediation could not be applied because an authselect profile was not selected or the selected profile is not intact.
        It is not recommended to manually edit the PAM files when authselect tool is available.
        In cases where the default authselect profile does not cover a specific demand, a custom authselect profile is recommended."
        exit 1
        fi
        authselect disable-feature with-silent-lastlog

        authselect apply-changes -b
    else
        
        if ! authselect check; then
        echo "
        authselect integrity check failed. Remediation aborted!
        This remediation could not be applied because an authselect profile was not selected or the selected profile is not intact.
        It is not recommended to manually edit the PAM files when authselect tool is available.
        In cases where the default authselect profile does not cover a specific demand, a custom authselect profile is recommended."
        exit 1
        fi

        CURRENT_PROFILE=$(authselect current -r | awk '{ print $1 }')
        # If not already in use, a custom profile is created preserving the enabled features.
        if [[ ! $CURRENT_PROFILE == custom/* ]]; then
            ENABLED_FEATURES=$(authselect current | tail -n+3 | awk '{ print $2 }')
            authselect create-profile hardening -b $CURRENT_PROFILE
            CURRENT_PROFILE="custom/hardening"
            
            authselect apply-changes -b --backup=before-hardening-custom-profile
            authselect select $CURRENT_PROFILE
            for feature in $ENABLED_FEATURES; do
                authselect enable-feature $feature;
            done
            
            authselect apply-changes -b --backup=after-hardening-custom-profile
        fi
        PAM_FILE_NAME=$(basename "/etc/pam.d/login")
        PAM_FILE_PATH="/etc/authselect/$CURRENT_PROFILE/$PAM_FILE_NAME"

        authselect apply-changes -b
        if [ -e "$PAM_FILE_PATH" ] ; then
            PAM_FILE_PATH="$PAM_FILE_PATH"
            if [ -f /usr/bin/authselect ]; then
                
                if ! authselect check; then
                echo "
                authselect integrity check failed. Remediation aborted!
                This remediation could not be applied because an authselect profile was not selected or the selected profile is not intact.
                It is not recommended to manually edit the PAM files when authselect tool is available.
                In cases where the default authselect profile does not cover a specific demand, a custom authselect profile is recommended."
                exit 1
                fi

                CURRENT_PROFILE=$(authselect current -r | awk '{ print $1 }')
                # If not already in use, a custom profile is created preserving the enabled features.
                if [[ ! $CURRENT_PROFILE == custom/* ]]; then
                    ENABLED_FEATURES=$(authselect current | tail -n+3 | awk '{ print $2 }')
                    authselect create-profile hardening -b $CURRENT_PROFILE
                    CURRENT_PROFILE="custom/hardening"
                    
                    authselect apply-changes -b --backup=before-hardening-custom-profile
                    authselect select $CURRENT_PROFILE
                    for feature in $ENABLED_FEATURES; do
                        authselect enable-feature $feature;
                    done
                    
                    authselect apply-changes -b --backup=after-hardening-custom-profile
                fi
                PAM_FILE_NAME=$(basename "$PAM_FILE_PATH")
                PAM_FILE_PATH="/etc/authselect/$CURRENT_PROFILE/$PAM_FILE_NAME"

                authselect apply-changes -b
            fi
            if ! grep -qP "^\s*session\s+optional\s+pam_lastlog.so\s*.*" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"; then
                    # Line matching group + control + module was not found. Check group + module.
                    if [ "$(grep -cP '^\s*session\s+.*\s+pam_lastlog.so\s*' "$PAM_FILE_PATH")" -eq 1 ]; then
                        # The control is updated only if one single line matches.
                        sed -i -E --follow-symlinks "s/^(\s*session\s+).*(\bpam_lastlog.so.*)/\1optional \2/" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"
                    else
                        LAST_MATCH_LINE=$(grep -nP "^\s*session.*include\s+common-session$" "$PAM_FILE_PATH" | tail -n 1 | cut -d: -f 1)
                        if [ ! -z $LAST_MATCH_LINE ]; then
                            sed -i --follow-symlinks $LAST_MATCH_LINE" a session     optional    pam_lastlog.so" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"
                        else
                            echo "session    optional    pam_lastlog.so" >> "$PAM_FILE_PATH"
                        fi
                    fi
                fi
                # Check the option
                if ! grep -qP "^\s*session\s+optional\s+pam_lastlog.so\s*.*\sshowfailed\b" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"; then
                    sed -i -E --follow-symlinks "/\s*session\s+optional\s+pam_lastlog.so.*/ s/$/ showfailed/" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"
                fi
            if [ -f /usr/bin/authselect ]; then
                
                authselect apply-changes -b
            fi
        else
            echo "$PAM_FILE_PATH was not found" >&2
        fi
        if [ -e "$PAM_FILE_PATH" ] ; then
            PAM_FILE_PATH="$PAM_FILE_PATH"
            if [ -f /usr/bin/authselect ]; then
                
                if ! authselect check; then
                echo "
                authselect integrity check failed. Remediation aborted!
                This remediation could not be applied because an authselect profile was not selected or the selected profile is not intact.
                It is not recommended to manually edit the PAM files when authselect tool is available.
                In cases where the default authselect profile does not cover a specific demand, a custom authselect profile is recommended."
                exit 1
                fi

                CURRENT_PROFILE=$(authselect current -r | awk '{ print $1 }')
                # If not already in use, a custom profile is created preserving the enabled features.
                if [[ ! $CURRENT_PROFILE == custom/* ]]; then
                    ENABLED_FEATURES=$(authselect current | tail -n+3 | awk '{ print $2 }')
                    authselect create-profile hardening -b $CURRENT_PROFILE
                    CURRENT_PROFILE="custom/hardening"
                    
                    authselect apply-changes -b --backup=before-hardening-custom-profile
                    authselect select $CURRENT_PROFILE
                    for feature in $ENABLED_FEATURES; do
                        authselect enable-feature $feature;
                    done
                    
                    authselect apply-changes -b --backup=after-hardening-custom-profile
                fi
                PAM_FILE_NAME=$(basename "$PAM_FILE_PATH")
                PAM_FILE_PATH="/etc/authselect/$CURRENT_PROFILE/$PAM_FILE_NAME"

                authselect apply-changes -b
            fi
            
        if grep -qP "^\s*session\s+optional\s+pam_lastlog.so\s.*\bsilent\b" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"; then
            sed -i -E --follow-symlinks "s/(.*session.*optional.*pam_lastlog.so.*)\ssilent=?[[:alnum:]]*(.*)/\1\2/g" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"
        fi
            if [ -f /usr/bin/authselect ]; then
                
                authselect apply-changes -b
            fi
        else
            echo "$PAM_FILE_PATH was not found" >&2
        fi
    fi
else
    if [ -e "/etc/pam.d/login" ] ; then
            PAM_FILE_PATH="/etc/pam.d/login"
            if [ -f /usr/bin/authselect ]; then
                
                if ! authselect check; then
                echo "
                authselect integrity check failed. Remediation aborted!
                This remediation could not be applied because an authselect profile was not selected or the selected profile is not intact.
                It is not recommended to manually edit the PAM files when authselect tool is available.
                In cases where the default authselect profile does not cover a specific demand, a custom authselect profile is recommended."
                exit 1
                fi

                CURRENT_PROFILE=$(authselect current -r | awk '{ print $1 }')
                # If not already in use, a custom profile is created preserving the enabled features.
                if [[ ! $CURRENT_PROFILE == custom/* ]]; then
                    ENABLED_FEATURES=$(authselect current | tail -n+3 | awk '{ print $2 }')
                    authselect create-profile hardening -b $CURRENT_PROFILE
                    CURRENT_PROFILE="custom/hardening"
                    
                    authselect apply-changes -b --backup=before-hardening-custom-profile
                    authselect select $CURRENT_PROFILE
                    for feature in $ENABLED_FEATURES; do
                        authselect enable-feature $feature;
                    done
                    
                    authselect apply-changes -b --backup=after-hardening-custom-profile
                fi
                PAM_FILE_NAME=$(basename "/etc/pam.d/login")
                PAM_FILE_PATH="/etc/authselect/$CURRENT_PROFILE/$PAM_FILE_NAME"

                authselect apply-changes -b
            fi
            if ! grep -qP "^\s*session\s+optional\s+pam_lastlog.so\s*.*" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"; then
                    # Line matching group + control + module was not found. Check group + module.
                    if [ "$(grep -cP '^\s*session\s+.*\s+pam_lastlog.so\s*' "$PAM_FILE_PATH")" -eq 1 ]; then
                        # The control is updated only if one single line matches.
                        sed -i -E --follow-symlinks "s/^(\s*session\s+).*(\bpam_lastlog.so.*)/\1optional \2/" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"
                    else
                        LAST_MATCH_LINE=$(grep -nP "^\s*session.*include\s+common-session$" "$PAM_FILE_PATH" | tail -n 1 | cut -d: -f 1)
                        if [ ! -z $LAST_MATCH_LINE ]; then
                            sed -i --follow-symlinks $LAST_MATCH_LINE" a session     optional    pam_lastlog.so" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"
                        else
                            echo "session    optional    pam_lastlog.so" >> "$PAM_FILE_PATH"
                        fi
                    fi
                fi
                # Check the option
                if ! grep -qP "^\s*session\s+optional\s+pam_lastlog.so\s*.*\sshowfailed\b" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"; then
                    sed -i -E --follow-symlinks "/\s*session\s+optional\s+pam_lastlog.so.*/ s/$/ showfailed/" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"
                fi
            if [ -f /usr/bin/authselect ]; then
                
                authselect apply-changes -b
            fi
        else
            echo "/etc/pam.d/login was not found" >&2
        fi
    if [ -e "/etc/pam.d/login" ] ; then
            PAM_FILE_PATH="/etc/pam.d/login"
            if [ -f /usr/bin/authselect ]; then
                
                if ! authselect check; then
                echo "
                authselect integrity check failed. Remediation aborted!
                This remediation could not be applied because an authselect profile was not selected or the selected profile is not intact.
                It is not recommended to manually edit the PAM files when authselect tool is available.
                In cases where the default authselect profile does not cover a specific demand, a custom authselect profile is recommended."
                exit 1
                fi

                CURRENT_PROFILE=$(authselect current -r | awk '{ print $1 }')
                # If not already in use, a custom profile is created preserving the enabled features.
                if [[ ! $CURRENT_PROFILE == custom/* ]]; then
                    ENABLED_FEATURES=$(authselect current | tail -n+3 | awk '{ print $2 }')
                    authselect create-profile hardening -b $CURRENT_PROFILE
                    CURRENT_PROFILE="custom/hardening"
                    
                    authselect apply-changes -b --backup=before-hardening-custom-profile
                    authselect select $CURRENT_PROFILE
                    for feature in $ENABLED_FEATURES; do
                        authselect enable-feature $feature;
                    done
                    
                    authselect apply-changes -b --backup=after-hardening-custom-profile
                fi
                PAM_FILE_NAME=$(basename "/etc/pam.d/login")
                PAM_FILE_PATH="/etc/authselect/$CURRENT_PROFILE/$PAM_FILE_NAME"

                authselect apply-changes -b
            fi
            
        if grep -qP "^\s*session\s+optional\s+pam_lastlog.so\s.*\bsilent\b" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"; then
            sed -i -E --follow-symlinks "s/(.*session.*optional.*pam_lastlog.so.*)\ssilent=?[[:alnum:]]*(.*)/\1\2/g" "$PAM_FILE_PATH"
        fi
            if [ -f /usr/bin/authselect ]; then
                
                authselect apply-changes -b
            fi
        else
            echo "/etc/pam.d/login was not found" >&2
        fi
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

- name: Gather the package facts
  package_facts:
    manager: auto
  tags:
  - CCE-85560-1
  - CJIS-5.5.2
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-020080
  - NIST-800-53-AC-9
  - NIST-800-53-AC-9(1)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.2.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.2.1
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.2.1.4
  - configure_strategy
  - display_login_attempts
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - low_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Check if system relies
    on authselect tool
  ansible.builtin.stat:
    path: /usr/bin/authselect
  register: result_authselect_present
  when: '"pam" in ansible_facts.packages'
  tags:
  - CCE-85560-1
  - CJIS-5.5.2
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-020080
  - NIST-800-53-AC-9
  - NIST-800-53-AC-9(1)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.2.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.2.1
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.2.1.4
  - configure_strategy
  - display_login_attempts
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - low_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Collect the Available
    authselect Features
  ansible.builtin.command:
    cmd: authselect list-features sssd
  register: result_authselect_available_features
  changed_when: false
  when:
  - '"pam" in ansible_facts.packages'
  - result_authselect_present.stat.exists
  tags:
  - CCE-85560-1
  - CJIS-5.5.2
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-020080
  - NIST-800-53-AC-9
  - NIST-800-53-AC-9(1)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.2.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.2.1
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.2.1.4
  - configure_strategy
  - display_login_attempts
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - low_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Configure pam_lastlog.so
    Using authselect Feature
  block:

  - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Check integrity of
      authselect current profile
    ansible.builtin.command:
      cmd: authselect check
    register: result_authselect_check_cmd
    changed_when: false
    failed_when: false

  - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Informative message
      based on the authselect integrity check result
    ansible.builtin.assert:
      that:
      - result_authselect_check_cmd.rc == 0
      fail_msg:
      - authselect integrity check failed. Remediation aborted!
      - This remediation could not be applied because an authselect profile was not
        selected or the selected profile is not intact.
      - It is not recommended to manually edit the PAM files when authselect tool
        is available.
      - In cases where the default authselect profile does not cover a specific demand,
        a custom authselect profile is recommended.
      success_msg:
      - authselect integrity check passed

  - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Get authselect Features
      Currently Enabled
    ansible.builtin.shell:
      cmd: authselect current | tail -n+3 | awk '{ print $2 }'
    register: result_authselect_features
    changed_when: false
    when:
    - result_authselect_check_cmd is success

  - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Ensure "with-silent-lastlog"
      Feature is Disabled Using authselect Tool
    ansible.builtin.command:
      cmd: authselect disable-feature with-silent-lastlog
    register: result_authselect_disable_feature_cmd
    when:
    - result_authselect_check_cmd is success
    - result_authselect_features.stdout is search("with-silent-lastlog")

  - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Ensure authselect changes
      are applied
    ansible.builtin.command:
      cmd: authselect apply-changes -b
    when:
    - result_authselect_disable_feature_cmd is not skipped
    - result_authselect_disable_feature_cmd is success
  when:
  - '"pam" in ansible_facts.packages'
  - result_authselect_present.stat.exists
  - result_authselect_available_features.stdout is search("with-silent-lastlog")
  tags:
  - CCE-85560-1
  - CJIS-5.5.2
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-020080
  - NIST-800-53-AC-9
  - NIST-800-53-AC-9(1)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.2.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.2.1
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.2.1.4
  - configure_strategy
  - display_login_attempts
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - low_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Configure pam_lastlog.so
    in appropriate PAM files
  block:

  - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Define the PAM file
      to be edited as a local fact
    ansible.builtin.set_fact:
      pam_file_path: /etc/pam.d/login

  - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Check if system relies
      on authselect tool
    ansible.builtin.stat:
      path: /usr/bin/authselect
    register: result_authselect_present

  - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Ensure authselect custom
      profile is used if authselect is present
    block:

    - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Check integrity of
        authselect current profile
      ansible.builtin.command:
        cmd: authselect check
      register: result_authselect_check_cmd
      changed_when: false
      failed_when: false

    - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Informative message
        based on the authselect integrity check result
      ansible.builtin.assert:
        that:
        - result_authselect_check_cmd.rc == 0
        fail_msg:
        - authselect integrity check failed. Remediation aborted!
        - This remediation could not be applied because an authselect profile was
          not selected or the selected profile is not intact.
        - It is not recommended to manually edit the PAM files when authselect tool
          is available.
        - In cases where the default authselect profile does not cover a specific
          demand, a custom authselect profile is recommended.
        success_msg:
        - authselect integrity check passed

    - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Get authselect current
        profile
      ansible.builtin.shell:
        cmd: authselect current -r | awk '{ print $1 }'
      register: result_authselect_profile
      changed_when: false
      when:
      - result_authselect_check_cmd is success

    - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Define the current
        authselect profile as a local fact
      ansible.builtin.set_fact:
        authselect_current_profile: '{{ result_authselect_profile.stdout }}'
        authselect_custom_profile: '{{ result_authselect_profile.stdout }}'
      when:
      - result_authselect_profile is not skipped
      - result_authselect_profile.stdout is match("custom/")

    - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Define the new authselect
        custom profile as a local fact
      ansible.builtin.set_fact:
        authselect_current_profile: '{{ result_authselect_profile.stdout }}'
        authselect_custom_profile: custom/hardening
      when:
      - result_authselect_profile is not skipped
      - result_authselect_profile.stdout is not match("custom/")

    - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Get authselect current
        features to also enable them in the custom profile
      ansible.builtin.shell:
        cmd: authselect current | tail -n+3 | awk '{ print $2 }'
      register: result_authselect_features
      changed_when: false
      when:
      - result_authselect_profile is not skipped
      - authselect_current_profile is not match("custom/")

    - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Check if any custom
        profile with the same name was already created
      ansible.builtin.stat:
        path: /etc/authselect/{{ authselect_custom_profile }}
      register: result_authselect_custom_profile_present
      changed_when: false
      when:
      - authselect_current_profile is not match("custom/")

    - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Create an authselect
        custom profile based on the current profile
      ansible.builtin.command:
        cmd: authselect create-profile hardening -b {{ authselect_current_profile
          }}
      when:
      - result_authselect_check_cmd is success
      - authselect_current_profile is not match("custom/")
      - not result_authselect_custom_profile_present.stat.exists

    - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Ensure authselect
        changes are applied
      ansible.builtin.command:
        cmd: authselect apply-changes -b --backup=before-hardening-custom-profile
      when:
      - result_authselect_check_cmd is success
      - result_authselect_profile is not skipped
      - authselect_current_profile is not match("custom/")
      - authselect_custom_profile is not match(authselect_current_profile)

    - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Ensure the authselect
        custom profile is selected
      ansible.builtin.command:
        cmd: authselect select {{ authselect_custom_profile }}
      register: result_pam_authselect_select_profile
      when:
      - result_authselect_check_cmd is success
      - result_authselect_profile is not skipped
      - authselect_current_profile is not match("custom/")
      - authselect_custom_profile is not match(authselect_current_profile)

    - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Restore the authselect
        features in the custom profile
      ansible.builtin.command:
        cmd: authselect enable-feature {{ item }}
      loop: '{{ result_authselect_features.stdout_lines }}'
      register: result_pam_authselect_restore_features
      when:
      - result_authselect_profile is not skipped
      - result_authselect_features is not skipped
      - result_pam_authselect_select_profile is not skipped

    - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Ensure authselect
        changes are applied
      ansible.builtin.command:
        cmd: authselect apply-changes -b --backup=after-hardening-custom-profile
      when:
      - result_authselect_check_cmd is success
      - result_authselect_profile is not skipped
      - result_pam_authselect_restore_features is not skipped

    - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Change the PAM file
        to be edited according to the custom authselect profile
      ansible.builtin.set_fact:
        pam_file_path: /etc/authselect/{{ authselect_custom_profile }}/{{ pam_file_path
          | basename }}
    when:
    - result_authselect_present.stat.exists

  - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Define a fact for control
      already filtered in case filters are used
    ansible.builtin.set_fact:
      pam_module_control: optional

  - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Check if expected PAM
      module line is present in {{ pam_file_path }}
    ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
      path: '{{ pam_file_path }}'
      regexp: ^\s*session\s+{{ pam_module_control | regex_escape() }}\s+pam_lastlog.so\s*.*
      state: absent
    check_mode: true
    changed_when: false
    register: result_pam_line_present

  - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Include or update the
      PAM module line in {{ pam_file_path }}
    block:

    - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Check if required
        PAM module line is present in {{ pam_file_path }} with different control
      ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
        path: '{{ pam_file_path }}'
        regexp: ^\s*session\s+.*\s+pam_lastlog.so\s*
        state: absent
      check_mode: true
      changed_when: false
      register: result_pam_line_other_control_present

    - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Ensure the correct
        control for the required PAM module line in {{ pam_file_path }}
      ansible.builtin.replace:
        dest: '{{ pam_file_path }}'
        regexp: ^(\s*session\s+).*(\bpam_lastlog.so.*)
        replace: \1{{ pam_module_control }} \2
      register: result_pam_module_edit
      when:
      - result_pam_line_other_control_present.found == 1

    - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Ensure the required
        PAM module line is included in {{ pam_file_path }}
      ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
        dest: '{{ pam_file_path }}'
        insertafter: ^\s*session.*include\s+common-session$
        line: session    {{ pam_module_control }}    pam_lastlog.so
      register: result_pam_module_add
      when:
      - result_pam_line_other_control_present.found == 0 or result_pam_line_other_control_present.found
        > 1

    - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Ensure authselect
        changes are applied
      ansible.builtin.command:
        cmd: authselect apply-changes -b
      when:
      - result_authselect_present is defined
      - result_authselect_present.stat.exists
      - |-
        (result_pam_module_add is defined and result_pam_module_add.changed)
         or (result_pam_module_edit is defined and result_pam_module_edit.changed)
    when:
    - result_pam_line_present.found is defined
    - result_pam_line_present.found == 0

  - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Define a fact for control
      already filtered in case filters are used
    ansible.builtin.set_fact:
      pam_module_control: optional

  - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Check if the required
      PAM module option is present in {{ pam_file_path }}
    ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
      path: '{{ pam_file_path }}'
      regexp: ^\s*session\s+{{ pam_module_control | regex_escape() }}\s+pam_lastlog.so\s*.*\sshowfailed\b
      state: absent
    check_mode: true
    changed_when: false
    register: result_pam_module_display_login_attempts_option_present

  - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Ensure the "showfailed"
      PAM option for "pam_lastlog.so" is included in {{ pam_file_path }}
    ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
      path: '{{ pam_file_path }}'
      backrefs: true
      regexp: ^(\s*session\s+{{ pam_module_control | regex_escape() }}\s+pam_lastlog.so.*)
      line: \1 showfailed
      state: present
    register: result_pam_display_login_attempts_add
    when:
    - result_pam_module_display_login_attempts_option_present.found == 0

  - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Define a fact for control
      already filtered in case filters are used
    ansible.builtin.set_fact:
      pam_module_control: optional

  - name: Ensure PAM Displays Last Logon/Access Notification - Ensure the "silent"
      option from "pam_lastlog.so" is not present in {{ pam_file_path }}
    ansible.builtin.replace:
      dest: '{{ pam_file_path }}'
      regexp: (.*session.*{{ pam_module_control | regex_escape() }}.*pam_lastlog.so.*)\bsilent\b=?[0-9a-zA-Z]*(.*)
      replace: \1\2
    register: result_pam_option_removal
  when: '"pam" in ansible_facts.packages'
  tags:
  - CCE-85560-1
  - CJIS-5.5.2
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-020080
  - NIST-800-53-AC-9
  - NIST-800-53-AC-9(1)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.2.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.2.1
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.2.1.4
  - configure_strategy
  - display_login_attempts
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - low_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Group Protect Accounts by Restricting Password-Based Login Group contains 1 group and 1 rule

[ref] Conventionally, Unix shell accounts are accessed by providing a username and password to a login program, which tests these values for correctness using the /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow files. Password-based login is vulnerable to guessing of weak passwords, and to sniffing and man-in-the-middle attacks against passwords entered over a network or at an insecure console. Therefore, mechanisms for accessing accounts by entering usernames and passwords should be restricted to those which are operationally necessary.

Group Set Password Expiration Parameters Group contains 1 rule

[ref] The file /etc/login.defs controls several password-related settings. Programs such as passwd, su, and login consult /etc/login.defs to determine behavior with regard to password aging, expiration warnings, and length. See the man page login.defs(5) for more information.

Users should be forced to change their passwords, in order to decrease the utility of compromised passwords. However, the need to change passwords often should be balanced against the risk that users will reuse or write down passwords if forced to change them too often. Forcing password changes every 90-360 days, depending on the environment, is recommended. Set the appropriate value as PASS_MAX_DAYS and apply it to existing accounts with the -M flag.

The PASS_MIN_DAYS (-m) setting prevents password changes for 7 days after the first change, to discourage password cycling. If you use this setting, train users to contact an administrator for an emergency password change in case a new password becomes compromised. The PASS_WARN_AGE (-W) setting gives users 7 days of warnings at login time that their passwords are about to expire.

For example, for each existing human user USER, expiration parameters could be adjusted to a 180 day maximum password age, 7 day minimum password age, and 7 day warning period with the following command:

$ sudo chage -M 180 -m 7 -W 7 USER

Rule Set Password Minimum Length in login.defs [ref]

To specify password length requirements for new accounts, edit the file /etc/login.defs and add or correct the following line:

PASS_MIN_LEN 15

The DoD requirement is 15. The FISMA requirement is 12. The profile requirement is 15. If a program consults /etc/login.defs and also another PAM module (such as pam_pwquality) during a password change operation, then the most restrictive must be satisfied. See PAM section for more information about enforcing password quality requirements.

Rationale:

Requiring a minimum password length makes password cracking attacks more difficult by ensuring a larger search space. However, any security benefit from an onerous requirement must be carefully weighed against usability problems, support costs, or counterproductive behavior that may result.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_password_minlen_login_defs

Identifiers:

CCE-91168-5

References:

cis-csc	1, 12, 15, 16, 5
cjis	5.6.2.1
cobit5	DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS05.10, DSS06.03, DSS06.10
cui	3.5.7
disa	CCI-000205
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.2.2, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.4
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1
ism	0421, 0422, 0431, 0974, 1173, 1401, 1504, 1505, 1546, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561
iso27001-2013	A.18.1.4, A.7.1.1, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.2.4, A.9.2.6, A.9.3.1, A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3
nist	IA-5(f), IA-5(1)(a), CM-6(a)
nist-csf	PR.AC-1, PR.AC-6, PR.AC-7
os-srg	SRG-OS-000078-GPOS-00046
anssi	R31

Remediation Shell script ⇲

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if rpm --quiet -q shadow; then

var_accounts_password_minlen_login_defs='15'

# Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
# adding any search characters to the config file.
stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^PASS_MIN_LEN")

# shellcheck disable=SC2059
printf -v formatted_output "%s %s" "$stripped_key" "$var_accounts_password_minlen_login_defs"

# If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
# We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
# so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^PASS_MIN_LEN\\>" "/etc/login.defs"; then
    escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
    LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^PASS_MIN_LEN\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "/etc/login.defs"
else
    if [[ -s "/etc/login.defs" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "/etc/login.defs" || true)" ]]; then
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "/etc/login.defs"
    fi
    cce="CCE-91168-5"
    printf '# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "${cce}" "${formatted_output}" "/etc/login.defs" >> "/etc/login.defs"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "/etc/login.defs"
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	restrict

- name: Gather the package facts
  package_facts:
    manager: auto
  tags:
  - CCE-91168-5
  - CJIS-5.6.2.1
  - NIST-800-171-3.5.7
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-IA-5(1)(a)
  - NIST-800-53-IA-5(f)
  - accounts_password_minlen_login_defs
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - restrict_strategy
- name: XCCDF Value var_accounts_password_minlen_login_defs # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    var_accounts_password_minlen_login_defs: !!str 15
  tags:
    - always

- name: Set Password Minimum Length in login.defs
  lineinfile:
    dest: /etc/login.defs
    regexp: ^PASS_MIN_LEN *[0-9]*
    state: present
    line: PASS_MIN_LEN        {{ var_accounts_password_minlen_login_defs }}
    create: true
  when: '"shadow" in ansible_facts.packages'
  tags:
  - CCE-91168-5
  - CJIS-5.6.2.1
  - NIST-800-171-3.5.7
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-IA-5(1)(a)
  - NIST-800-53-IA-5(f)
  - accounts_password_minlen_login_defs
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - restrict_strategy

Group Secure Session Configuration Files for Login Accounts Group contains 4 rules

[ref] When a user logs into a Unix account, the system configures the user's session by reading a number of files. Many of these files are located in the user's home directory, and may have weak permissions as a result of user error or misconfiguration. If an attacker can modify or even read certain types of account configuration information, they can often gain full access to the affected user's account. Therefore, it is important to test and correct configuration file permissions for interactive accounts, particularly those of privileged users such as root or system administrators.

Rule Ensure Home Directories are Created for New Users [ref]

All local interactive user accounts, upon creation, should be assigned a home directory.

Configure the operating system to assign home directories to all new local interactive users by setting the CREATE_HOME parameter in /etc/login.defs to yes as follows:

CREATE_HOME yes

Rationale:

If local interactive users are not assigned a valid home directory, there is no place for the storage and control of files they should own.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_have_homedir_login_defs

Identifiers:

CCE-85562-7

References:

disa	CCI-000366
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
stigid	SLES-15-020110
stigref	SV-234880r991589_rule

Remediation Shell script ⇲

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if rpm --quiet -q shadow; then

if [ -e "/etc/login.defs" ] ; then
    
    LC_ALL=C sed -i "/^\s*CREATE_HOME\s\+/Id" "/etc/login.defs"
else
    touch "/etc/login.defs"
fi
# make sure file has newline at the end
sed -i -e '$a\' "/etc/login.defs"

cp "/etc/login.defs" "/etc/login.defs.bak"
# Insert before the line matching the regex '^\s*CREATE_HOME'.
line_number="$(LC_ALL=C grep -n "^\s*CREATE_HOME" "/etc/login.defs.bak" | LC_ALL=C sed 's/:.*//g')"
if [ -z "$line_number" ]; then
    # There was no match of '^\s*CREATE_HOME', insert at
    # the end of the file.
    printf '%s\n' "CREATE_HOME yes" >> "/etc/login.defs"
else
    head -n "$(( line_number - 1 ))" "/etc/login.defs.bak" > "/etc/login.defs"
    printf '%s\n' "CREATE_HOME yes" >> "/etc/login.defs"
    tail -n "+$(( line_number ))" "/etc/login.defs.bak" >> "/etc/login.defs"
fi
# Clean up after ourselves.
rm "/etc/login.defs.bak"

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	restrict

- name: Gather the package facts
  package_facts:
    manager: auto
  tags:
  - CCE-85562-7
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-020110
  - accounts_have_homedir_login_defs
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - restrict_strategy

- name: Ensure new users receive home directories
  block:

  - name: Check for duplicate values
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/login.defs
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)^\s*CREATE_HOME\s+
      state: absent
    check_mode: true
    changed_when: false
    register: dupes

  - name: Deduplicate values from /etc/login.defs
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/login.defs
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)^\s*CREATE_HOME\s+
      state: absent
    when: dupes.found is defined and dupes.found > 1

  - name: Insert correct line to /etc/login.defs
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/login.defs
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)^\s*CREATE_HOME\s+
      line: CREATE_HOME yes
      state: present
  when: '"shadow" in ansible_facts.packages'
  tags:
  - CCE-85562-7
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-020110
  - accounts_have_homedir_login_defs
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - restrict_strategy

Rule Ensure the Logon Failure Delay is Set Correctly in login.defs [ref]

To ensure the logon failure delay controlled by /etc/login.defs is set properly, add or correct the FAIL_DELAY setting in /etc/login.defs to read as follows:

FAIL_DELAY 4

Rationale:

Increasing the time between a failed authentication attempt and re-prompting to enter credentials helps to slow a single-threaded brute force attack.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_logon_fail_delay

References:

cis-csc	11, 3, 9
cobit5	BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05
disa	CCI-000366
isa-62443-2009	4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4
nist	AC-7(b), CM-6(a)
nist-csf	PR.IP-1
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00226

Remediation Shell script ⇲

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if rpm --quiet -q shadow; then

var_accounts_fail_delay='4'


# Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
# adding any search characters to the config file.
stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^FAIL_DELAY")

# shellcheck disable=SC2059
printf -v formatted_output "%s %s" "$stripped_key" "$var_accounts_fail_delay"

# If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
# We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
# so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^FAIL_DELAY\\>" "/etc/login.defs"; then
    escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
    LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^FAIL_DELAY\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "/etc/login.defs"
else
    if [[ -s "/etc/login.defs" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "/etc/login.defs" || true)" ]]; then
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "/etc/login.defs"
    fi
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "/etc/login.defs"
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	restrict

- name: Gather the package facts
  package_facts:
    manager: auto
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-AC-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - accounts_logon_fail_delay
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - restrict_strategy
- name: XCCDF Value var_accounts_fail_delay # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    var_accounts_fail_delay: !!str 4
  tags:
    - always

- name: Set accounts logon fail delay
  lineinfile:
    dest: /etc/login.defs
    regexp: ^FAIL_DELAY
    line: FAIL_DELAY {{ var_accounts_fail_delay }}
    create: true
  when: '"shadow" in ansible_facts.packages'
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-AC-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - accounts_logon_fail_delay
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - restrict_strategy

Rule Limit the Number of Concurrent Login Sessions Allowed Per User [ref]

Limiting the number of allowed users and sessions per user can limit risks related to Denial of Service attacks. This addresses concurrent sessions for a single account and does not address concurrent sessions by a single user via multiple accounts. To set the number of concurrent sessions per user add the following line in /etc/security/limits.conf or a file under /etc/security/limits.d/:

* hard maxlogins 1

Rationale:

Limiting simultaneous user logins can insulate the system from denial of service problems caused by excessive logins. Automated login processes operating improperly or maliciously may result in an exceptional number of simultaneous login sessions.

Severity:

low

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_max_concurrent_login_sessions

Identifiers:

CCE-85555-1

References:

cis-csc	14, 15, 18, 9
cjis	5.5.2.2
cobit5	DSS01.05, DSS05.02
disa	CCI-000054
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.4
isa-62443-2013	SR 3.1, SR 3.8
iso27001-2013	A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3
nerc-cip	CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nist	AC-10, CM-6(a)
nist-csf	PR.AC-5
os-srg	SRG-OS-000027-GPOS-00008
stigid	SLES-15-020020
stigref	SV-234868r958398_rule

Remediation Shell script ⇲

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if rpm --quiet -q pam; then

var_accounts_max_concurrent_login_sessions='1'


if grep -q '^[^#]*\<maxlogins\>' /etc/security/limits.d/*.conf; then
	sed -i "/^[^#]*\<maxlogins\>/ s/maxlogins.*/maxlogins $var_accounts_max_concurrent_login_sessions/" /etc/security/limits.d/*.conf
elif grep -q '^[^#]*\<maxlogins\>' /etc/security/limits.conf; then
	sed -i "/^[^#]*\<maxlogins\>/ s/maxlogins.*/maxlogins $var_accounts_max_concurrent_login_sessions/" /etc/security/limits.conf
else
	echo "*	hard	maxlogins	$var_accounts_max_concurrent_login_sessions" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	restrict

- name: Gather the package facts
  package_facts:
    manager: auto
  tags:
  - CCE-85555-1
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-020020
  - NIST-800-53-AC-10
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - accounts_max_concurrent_login_sessions
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - low_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - restrict_strategy
- name: XCCDF Value var_accounts_max_concurrent_login_sessions # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    var_accounts_max_concurrent_login_sessions: !!str 1
  tags:
    - always

- name: Find /etc/security/limits.d files containing maxlogins configuration
  find:
    paths: /etc/security/limits.d
    contains: ^[\s]*\*[\s]+(?:(?:hard)|(?:-))[\s]+maxlogins
    patterns: '*.conf'
  register: maxlogins
  when: '"pam" in ansible_facts.packages'
  tags:
  - CCE-85555-1
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-020020
  - NIST-800-53-AC-10
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - accounts_max_concurrent_login_sessions
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - low_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - restrict_strategy

- name: Limit the Number of Concurrent Login Sessions Allowed Per User in files from
    limits.d
  replace:
    dest: '{{ item.path }}'
    regexp: ^#?\*.*maxlogins.*
    replace: '*          hard    maxlogins     {{ var_accounts_max_concurrent_login_sessions
      }}'
  with_items:
  - '{{ maxlogins.files }}'
  when: '"pam" in ansible_facts.packages'
  tags:
  - CCE-85555-1
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-020020
  - NIST-800-53-AC-10
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - accounts_max_concurrent_login_sessions
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - low_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - restrict_strategy

- name: Limit the Number of Concurrent Login Sessions Allowed Per User
  lineinfile:
    state: present
    dest: /etc/security/limits.conf
    insertbefore: ^# End of file
    regexp: ^#?\*.*maxlogins
    line: '*          hard    maxlogins     {{ var_accounts_max_concurrent_login_sessions
      }}'
    create: true
  when:
  - '"pam" in ansible_facts.packages'
  - maxlogins.matched == 0
  tags:
  - CCE-85555-1
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-020020
  - NIST-800-53-AC-10
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - accounts_max_concurrent_login_sessions
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - low_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - restrict_strategy

Rule Set Interactive Session Timeout [ref]

Setting the TMOUT option in /etc/profile ensures that all user sessions will terminate based on inactivity. The value of TMOUT should be exported and read only. The TMOUT setting in /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh should read as follows:

TMOUT=600

readonly TMOUT export TMOUT

Rationale:

Terminating an idle session within a short time period reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized personnel to take control of a management session enabled on the console or console port that has been left unattended.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_tmout

Identifiers:

CCE-83269-1

References:

cis-csc	1, 12, 15, 16
cobit5	DSS05.04, DSS05.10, DSS06.10
cui	3.1.11
disa	CCI-000057, CCI-001133, CCI-002361
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.2, SR 1.5, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9
iso27001-2013	A.18.1.4, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.4, A.9.3.1, A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3
nerc-cip	CIP-004-6 R2.2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.1, CIP-007-3 R5.3.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.3
nist	AC-12, SC-10, AC-2(5), CM-6(a)
nist-csf	PR.AC-7
ospp	FMT_MOF_EXT.1
os-srg	SRG-OS-000163-GPOS-00072, SRG-OS-000029-GPOS-00010
stigid	SLES-15-010130
cis	5.4.4
anssi	R32
pcidss4	8.6.1, 8.6
stigref	SV-234813r958402_rule

Remediation Shell script ⇲

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

var_accounts_tmout='600'


if [ -f /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh ]; then
    if grep --silent '^\s*TMOUT' /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh ; then
        sed -i -E "s/^(\s*)TMOUT\s*=\s*(\w|\$)*(.*)$/\1TMOUT=$var_accounts_tmout\3/g" /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh
    fi
else
    echo -e "\n# Set TMOUT to $var_accounts_tmout per security requirements" >> /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh
    echo "TMOUT=$var_accounts_tmout" >> /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh
fi
if ! grep --silent '^\s*readonly TMOUT' /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh ; then
    echo "readonly TMOUT" >> /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh
fi

if ! grep --silent '^\s*export TMOUT' /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh ; then
    echo "export TMOUT" >> /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh
fi
chmod +x /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	restrict

- name: XCCDF Value var_accounts_tmout # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    var_accounts_tmout: !!str 600
  tags:
    - always

- name: Set Interactive Session Timeout
  block:

  - name: Check for duplicate values
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)^\s*TMOUT=
      state: absent
    check_mode: true
    changed_when: false
    register: dupes

  - name: Deduplicate values from /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)^\s*TMOUT=
      state: absent
    when: dupes.found is defined and dupes.found > 1

  - name: Insert correct line to /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)^\s*TMOUT=
      line: TMOUT={{ var_accounts_tmout }}
      state: present
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-83269-1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-010130
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.11
  - NIST-800-53-AC-12
  - NIST-800-53-AC-2(5)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-10
  - PCI-DSSv4-8.6
  - PCI-DSSv4-8.6.1
  - accounts_tmout
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - restrict_strategy

- name: Set Interactive Session Timeout
  block:

  - name: Check for duplicate values
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)^\s*readonly\s+
      state: absent
    check_mode: true
    changed_when: false
    register: dupes

  - name: Deduplicate values from /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)^\s*readonly\s+
      state: absent
    when: dupes.found is defined and dupes.found > 1

  - name: Insert correct line to /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)^\s*readonly\s+
      line: readonly TMOUT
      state: present
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-83269-1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-010130
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.11
  - NIST-800-53-AC-12
  - NIST-800-53-AC-2(5)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-10
  - PCI-DSSv4-8.6
  - PCI-DSSv4-8.6.1
  - accounts_tmout
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - restrict_strategy

- name: Set Interactive Session Timeout
  block:

  - name: Check for duplicate values
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)^\s*export\s+
      state: absent
    check_mode: true
    changed_when: false
    register: dupes

  - name: Deduplicate values from /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)^\s*export\s+
      state: absent
    when: dupes.found is defined and dupes.found > 1

  - name: Insert correct line to /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)^\s*export\s+
      line: export TMOUT
      state: present
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-83269-1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-010130
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.11
  - NIST-800-53-AC-12
  - NIST-800-53-AC-2(5)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-10
  - PCI-DSSv4-8.6
  - PCI-DSSv4-8.6.1
  - accounts_tmout
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - restrict_strategy

- name: Set the permission for /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh
  file:
    path: /etc/profile.d/autologout.sh
    mode: '0755'
  when:
  - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  - lookup('ansible.builtin.file', '/etc/profile.d/autologout.sh', errors='warn')
  tags:
  - CCE-83269-1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-010130
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.11
  - NIST-800-53-AC-12
  - NIST-800-53-AC-2(5)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-10
  - PCI-DSSv4-8.6
  - PCI-DSSv4-8.6.1
  - accounts_tmout
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - restrict_strategy

Group Configure Syslog Group contains 2 groups and 6 rules

[ref] The syslog service has been the default Unix logging mechanism for many years. It has a number of downsides, including inconsistent log format, lack of authentication for received messages, and lack of authentication, encryption, or reliable transport for messages sent over a network. However, due to its long history, syslog is a de facto standard which is supported by almost all Unix applications.

In SUSE Linux Enterprise 15, rsyslog has replaced ksyslogd as the syslog daemon of choice, and it includes some additional security features such as reliable, connection-oriented (i.e. TCP) transmission of logs, the option to log to database formats, and the encryption of log data en route to a central logging server. This section discusses how to configure rsyslog for best effect, and how to use tools provided with the system to maintain and monitor logs.

Group Ensure Proper Configuration of Log Files Group contains 3 rules

[ref] The file /etc/rsyslog.conf controls where log message are written. These are controlled by lines called rules, which consist of a selector and an action. These rules are often customized depending on the role of the system, the requirements of the environment, and whatever may enable the administrator to most effectively make use of log data. The default rules in SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 are:

*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none                /var/log/messages
authpriv.*                                              /var/log/secure
mail.*                                                  -/var/log/maillog
cron.*                                                  /var/log/cron
*.emerg                                                 *
uucp,news.crit                                          /var/log/spooler
local7.*                                                /var/log/boot.log

See the man page rsyslog.conf(5) for more information. Note that the rsyslog daemon can be configured to use a timestamp format that some log processing programs may not understand. If this occurs, edit the file /etc/rsyslog.conf and add or edit the following line:

$ ActionFileDefaultTemplate RSYSLOG_TraditionalFileFormat

Rule Ensure Log Files Are Owned By Appropriate Group [ref]

The group-owner of all log files written by rsyslog should be root. These log files are determined by the second part of each Rule line in /etc/rsyslog.conf and typically all appear in /var/log. For each log file LOGFILE referenced in /etc/rsyslog.conf, run the following command to inspect the file's group owner:

$ ls -l LOGFILE

If the owner is not root, run the following command to correct this:

$ sudo chgrp root LOGFILE

Rationale:

The log files generated by rsyslog contain valuable information regarding system configuration, user authentication, and other such information. Log files should be protected from unauthorized access.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_rsyslog_files_groupownership

Identifiers:

CCE-85838-1

References:

cis-csc	12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cobit5	APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
disa	CCI-001314
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 2.1, SR 5.2
ism	0988, 1405
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cip	CIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nist	CM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csf	PR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
pcidss	Req-10.5.1, Req-10.5.2
cis	4.2.1.3
anssi	R71
pcidss4	10.3.2, 10.3

Remediation Shell script ⇲

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

# List of log file paths to be inspected for correct permissions
# * Primarily inspect log file paths listed in /etc/rsyslog.conf
RSYSLOG_ETC_CONFIG="/etc/rsyslog.conf"
# * And also the log file paths listed after rsyslog's $IncludeConfig directive
#   (store the result into array for the case there's shell glob used as value of IncludeConfig)
readarray -t OLD_INC < <(grep -e "\$IncludeConfig[[:space:]]\+[^[:space:];]\+" /etc/rsyslog.conf | cut -d ' ' -f 2)
readarray -t RSYSLOG_INCLUDE_CONFIG < <(for INCPATH in "${OLD_INC[@]}"; do eval printf '%s\\n' "${INCPATH}"; done)
readarray -t NEW_INC < <(sed -n '/^\s*include(/,/)/Ip' /etc/rsyslog.conf | sed -n 's@.*file\s*=\s*"\([/[:alnum:][:punct:]]*\)".*@\1@Ip')
readarray -t RSYSLOG_INCLUDE < <(for INCPATH in "${NEW_INC[@]}"; do eval printf '%s\\n' "${INCPATH}"; done)

# Declare an array to hold the final list of different log file paths
declare -a LOG_FILE_PATHS

# Array to hold all rsyslog config entries
RSYSLOG_CONFIGS=()
RSYSLOG_CONFIGS=("${RSYSLOG_ETC_CONFIG}" "${RSYSLOG_INCLUDE_CONFIG[@]}" "${RSYSLOG_INCLUDE[@]}")

# Get full list of files to be checked
# RSYSLOG_CONFIGS may contain globs such as
# /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf /etc/rsyslog.d/*.frule
# So, loop over the entries in RSYSLOG_CONFIGS and use find to get the list of included files.
RSYSLOG_CONFIG_FILES=()
for ENTRY in "${RSYSLOG_CONFIGS[@]}"
do
	# If directory, rsyslog will search for config files in recursively.
	# However, files in hidden sub-directories or hidden files will be ignored.
	if [ -d "${ENTRY}" ]
	then
		readarray -t FINDOUT < <(find "${ENTRY}" -not -path '*/.*' -type f)
		RSYSLOG_CONFIG_FILES+=("${FINDOUT[@]}")
	elif [ -f "${ENTRY}" ]
	then
		RSYSLOG_CONFIG_FILES+=("${ENTRY}")
	else
		echo "Invalid include object: ${ENTRY}"
	fi
done

# Browse each file selected above as containing paths of log files
# ('/etc/rsyslog.conf' and '/etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf' in the default configuration)
for LOG_FILE in "${RSYSLOG_CONFIG_FILES[@]}"
do
	# From each of these files extract just particular log file path(s), thus:
	# * Ignore lines starting with space (' '), comment ('#"), or variable syntax ('$') characters,
	# * Ignore empty lines,
	# * Strip quotes and closing brackets from paths.
	# * Ignore paths that match /dev|/etc.*\.conf, as those are paths, but likely not log files
	# * From the remaining valid rows select only fields constituting a log file path
	# Text file column is understood to represent a log file path if and only if all of the
	# following are met:
	# * it contains at least one slash '/' character,
	# * it is preceded by space
	# * it doesn't contain space (' '), colon (':'), and semicolon (';') characters
	# Search log file for path(s) only in case it exists!
	if [[ -f "${LOG_FILE}" ]]
	then
		NORMALIZED_CONFIG_FILE_LINES=$(sed -e "/^[#|$]/d" "${LOG_FILE}")
		LINES_WITH_PATHS=$(grep '[^/]*\s\+\S*/\S\+$' <<< "${NORMALIZED_CONFIG_FILE_LINES}")
		FILTERED_PATHS=$(awk '{if(NF>=2&&($NF~/^\//||$NF~/^-\//)){sub(/^-\//,"/",$NF);print $NF}}' <<< "${LINES_WITH_PATHS}")
		CLEANED_PATHS=$(sed -e "s/[\"')]//g; /\\/etc.*\.conf/d; /\\/dev\\//d" <<< "${FILTERED_PATHS}")
		MATCHED_ITEMS=$(sed -e "/^$/d" <<< "${CLEANED_PATHS}")
		# Since above sed command might return more than one item (delimited by newline), split
		# the particular matches entries into new array specific for this log file
		readarray -t ARRAY_FOR_LOG_FILE <<< "$MATCHED_ITEMS"
		# Concatenate the two arrays - previous content of $LOG_FILE_PATHS array with
		# items from newly created array for this log file
		LOG_FILE_PATHS+=("${ARRAY_FOR_LOG_FILE[@]}")
		# Delete the temporary array
		unset ARRAY_FOR_LOG_FILE
	fi
done

# Check for RainerScript action log format which might be also multiline so grep regex is a bit
# curly:
# extract possibly multiline action omfile expressions
# extract File="logfile" expression
# match only "logfile" expression
for LOG_FILE in "${RSYSLOG_CONFIG_FILES[@]}"
do
	ACTION_OMFILE_LINES=$(grep -iozP "action\s*\(\s*type\s*=\s*\"omfile\"[^\)]*\)" "${LOG_FILE}")
	OMFILE_LINES=$(echo "${ACTION_OMFILE_LINES}"| grep -iaoP "\bFile\s*=\s*\"([/[:alnum:][:punct:]]*)\"\s*\)")
	LOG_FILE_PATHS+=("$(echo "${OMFILE_LINES}"| grep -oE "\"([/[:alnum:][:punct:]]*)\""|tr -d "\"")")
done

# Ensure the correct attribute if file exists
FILE_CMD="chgrp"
for LOG_FILE_PATH in "${LOG_FILE_PATHS[@]}"
do
	# Sanity check - if particular $LOG_FILE_PATH is empty string, skip it from further processing
	if [ -z "$LOG_FILE_PATH" ]
	then
		continue
	fi
	$FILE_CMD "root" "$LOG_FILE_PATH"
done

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

- name: Ensure Log Files Are Owned By Appropriate Group - Set rsyslog logfile configuration
    facts
  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
    rsyslog_etc_config: /etc/rsyslog.conf
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85838-1
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.2
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_groupownership

- name: Ensure Log Files Are Owned By Appropriate Group - Get IncludeConfig directive
  ansible.builtin.shell: |
    set -o pipefail
    grep -e '$IncludeConfig' {{ rsyslog_etc_config }} | cut -d ' ' -f 2 || true
  register: rsyslog_old_inc
  changed_when: false
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85838-1
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.2
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_groupownership

- name: Ensure Log Files Are Owned By Appropriate Group - Get include files directives
  ansible.builtin.shell: |
    set -o pipefail
    awk '/)/{f=0} /include\(/{f=1} f{ nf=gensub("^(include\\(|\\s*)file=\"(\\S+)\".*","\\2",1); if($0!=nf){ print nf }}' {{ rsyslog_etc_config }} || true
  register: rsyslog_new_inc
  changed_when: false
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85838-1
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.2
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_groupownership

- name: Ensure Log Files Are Owned By Appropriate Group - Aggregate rsyslog includes
  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
    include_config_output: '{{ rsyslog_old_inc.stdout_lines + rsyslog_new_inc.stdout_lines
      }}'
  when:
  - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  - rsyslog_old_inc is not skipped and rsyslog_new_inc is not skipped
  tags:
  - CCE-85838-1
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.2
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_groupownership

- name: Ensure Log Files Are Owned By Appropriate Group - List all config files
  ansible.builtin.find:
    paths: '{{ item | dirname }}'
    patterns: '{{ item | basename }}'
    hidden: false
    follow: true
  loop: '{{ include_config_output | list + [rsyslog_etc_config] }}'
  when:
  - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  - include_config_output is defined
  register: rsyslog_config_files
  failed_when: false
  changed_when: false
  tags:
  - CCE-85838-1
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.2
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_groupownership

- name: Ensure Log Files Are Owned By Appropriate Group - Extract log files old format
  ansible.builtin.shell: |
    set -o pipefail
    grep -oP '^[^(\s|#|\$)]+[\s]+.*[\s]+-?(/+[^:;\s]+);*\.*$' {{ item.1.path }} | \
    awk '{print $NF}' | \
    sed -e 's/^-//' || true
  loop: '{{ rsyslog_config_files.results | default([]) | subelements(''files'') }}'
  register: log_files_old
  changed_when: false
  when:
  - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  - rsyslog_config_files is not skipped
  tags:
  - CCE-85838-1
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.2
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_groupownership

- name: Ensure Log Files Are Owned By Appropriate Group - Extract log files new format
  ansible.builtin.shell: |
    set -o pipefail
    grep -ozP "action\s*\(\s*type\s*=\s*\"omfile\"[^\)]*\)" {{ item.1.path }} | \
    grep -aoP "\bFile\s*=\s*\"([/[:alnum:][:punct:]]*)\"\s*\)" | \
    grep -oE "\"([/[:alnum:][:punct:]]*)\"" | \
    tr -d "\""|| true
  loop: '{{ rsyslog_config_files.results | default([]) | subelements(''files'') }}'
  register: log_files_new
  changed_when: false
  when:
  - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  - rsyslog_config_files is not skipped
  tags:
  - CCE-85838-1
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.2
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_groupownership

- name: Ensure Log Files Are Owned By Appropriate Group - Sum all log files found
  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
    log_files: '{{ log_files_new.results | map(attribute=''stdout_lines'') | list
      | flatten | unique + log_files_old.results | map(attribute=''stdout_lines'')
      | list | flatten | unique }}'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85838-1
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.2
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_groupownership

- name: Ensure Log Files Are Owned By Appropriate Group -Setup log files attribute
  ansible.builtin.file:
    path: '{{ item }}'
    group: root
    state: file
  loop: '{{ log_files | list | flatten | unique }}'
  failed_when: false
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85838-1
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.2
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_groupownership

Rule Ensure Log Files Are Owned By Appropriate User [ref]

The owner of all log files written by rsyslog should be root. These log files are determined by the second part of each Rule line in /etc/rsyslog.conf and typically all appear in /var/log. For each log file LOGFILE referenced in /etc/rsyslog.conf, run the following command to inspect the file's owner:

$ ls -l LOGFILE

If the owner is not root, run the following command to correct this:

$ sudo chown root LOGFILE

Rationale:

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_rsyslog_files_ownership

Identifiers:

CCE-85839-9

References:

cis-csc	12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cobit5	APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
disa	CCI-001314
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 2.1, SR 5.2
ism	0988, 1405
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cip	CIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nist	CM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csf	PR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
pcidss	Req-10.5.1, Req-10.5.2
cis	4.2.1.3
anssi	R71
pcidss4	10.3.2, 10.3

Remediation Shell script ⇲

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

# List of log file paths to be inspected for correct permissions
# * Primarily inspect log file paths listed in /etc/rsyslog.conf
RSYSLOG_ETC_CONFIG="/etc/rsyslog.conf"
# * And also the log file paths listed after rsyslog's $IncludeConfig directive
#   (store the result into array for the case there's shell glob used as value of IncludeConfig)
readarray -t OLD_INC < <(grep -e "\$IncludeConfig[[:space:]]\+[^[:space:];]\+" /etc/rsyslog.conf | cut -d ' ' -f 2)
readarray -t RSYSLOG_INCLUDE_CONFIG < <(for INCPATH in "${OLD_INC[@]}"; do eval printf '%s\\n' "${INCPATH}"; done)
readarray -t NEW_INC < <(sed -n '/^\s*include(/,/)/Ip' /etc/rsyslog.conf | sed -n 's@.*file\s*=\s*"\([/[:alnum:][:punct:]]*\)".*@\1@Ip')
readarray -t RSYSLOG_INCLUDE < <(for INCPATH in "${NEW_INC[@]}"; do eval printf '%s\\n' "${INCPATH}"; done)

# Declare an array to hold the final list of different log file paths
declare -a LOG_FILE_PATHS

# Array to hold all rsyslog config entries
RSYSLOG_CONFIGS=()
RSYSLOG_CONFIGS=("${RSYSLOG_ETC_CONFIG}" "${RSYSLOG_INCLUDE_CONFIG[@]}" "${RSYSLOG_INCLUDE[@]}")

# Get full list of files to be checked
# RSYSLOG_CONFIGS may contain globs such as
# /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf /etc/rsyslog.d/*.frule
# So, loop over the entries in RSYSLOG_CONFIGS and use find to get the list of included files.
RSYSLOG_CONFIG_FILES=()
for ENTRY in "${RSYSLOG_CONFIGS[@]}"
do
	# If directory, rsyslog will search for config files in recursively.
	# However, files in hidden sub-directories or hidden files will be ignored.
	if [ -d "${ENTRY}" ]
	then
		readarray -t FINDOUT < <(find "${ENTRY}" -not -path '*/.*' -type f)
		RSYSLOG_CONFIG_FILES+=("${FINDOUT[@]}")
	elif [ -f "${ENTRY}" ]
	then
		RSYSLOG_CONFIG_FILES+=("${ENTRY}")
	else
		echo "Invalid include object: ${ENTRY}"
	fi
done

# Browse each file selected above as containing paths of log files
# ('/etc/rsyslog.conf' and '/etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf' in the default configuration)
for LOG_FILE in "${RSYSLOG_CONFIG_FILES[@]}"
do
	# From each of these files extract just particular log file path(s), thus:
	# * Ignore lines starting with space (' '), comment ('#"), or variable syntax ('$') characters,
	# * Ignore empty lines,
	# * Strip quotes and closing brackets from paths.
	# * Ignore paths that match /dev|/etc.*\.conf, as those are paths, but likely not log files
	# * From the remaining valid rows select only fields constituting a log file path
	# Text file column is understood to represent a log file path if and only if all of the
	# following are met:
	# * it contains at least one slash '/' character,
	# * it is preceded by space
	# * it doesn't contain space (' '), colon (':'), and semicolon (';') characters
	# Search log file for path(s) only in case it exists!
	if [[ -f "${LOG_FILE}" ]]
	then
		NORMALIZED_CONFIG_FILE_LINES=$(sed -e "/^[#|$]/d" "${LOG_FILE}")
		LINES_WITH_PATHS=$(grep '[^/]*\s\+\S*/\S\+$' <<< "${NORMALIZED_CONFIG_FILE_LINES}")
		FILTERED_PATHS=$(awk '{if(NF>=2&&($NF~/^\//||$NF~/^-\//)){sub(/^-\//,"/",$NF);print $NF}}' <<< "${LINES_WITH_PATHS}")
		CLEANED_PATHS=$(sed -e "s/[\"')]//g; /\\/etc.*\.conf/d; /\\/dev\\//d" <<< "${FILTERED_PATHS}")
		MATCHED_ITEMS=$(sed -e "/^$/d" <<< "${CLEANED_PATHS}")
		# Since above sed command might return more than one item (delimited by newline), split
		# the particular matches entries into new array specific for this log file
		readarray -t ARRAY_FOR_LOG_FILE <<< "$MATCHED_ITEMS"
		# Concatenate the two arrays - previous content of $LOG_FILE_PATHS array with
		# items from newly created array for this log file
		LOG_FILE_PATHS+=("${ARRAY_FOR_LOG_FILE[@]}")
		# Delete the temporary array
		unset ARRAY_FOR_LOG_FILE
	fi
done

# Check for RainerScript action log format which might be also multiline so grep regex is a bit
# curly:
# extract possibly multiline action omfile expressions
# extract File="logfile" expression
# match only "logfile" expression
for LOG_FILE in "${RSYSLOG_CONFIG_FILES[@]}"
do
	ACTION_OMFILE_LINES=$(grep -iozP "action\s*\(\s*type\s*=\s*\"omfile\"[^\)]*\)" "${LOG_FILE}")
	OMFILE_LINES=$(echo "${ACTION_OMFILE_LINES}"| grep -iaoP "\bFile\s*=\s*\"([/[:alnum:][:punct:]]*)\"\s*\)")
	LOG_FILE_PATHS+=("$(echo "${OMFILE_LINES}"| grep -oE "\"([/[:alnum:][:punct:]]*)\""|tr -d "\"")")
done

# Ensure the correct attribute if file exists
FILE_CMD="chown"
for LOG_FILE_PATH in "${LOG_FILE_PATHS[@]}"
do
	# Sanity check - if particular $LOG_FILE_PATH is empty string, skip it from further processing
	if [ -z "$LOG_FILE_PATH" ]
	then
		continue
	fi
	$FILE_CMD "root" "$LOG_FILE_PATH"
done

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

- name: Ensure Log Files Are Owned By Appropriate User - Set rsyslog logfile configuration
    facts
  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
    rsyslog_etc_config: /etc/rsyslog.conf
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85839-9
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.2
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_ownership

- name: Ensure Log Files Are Owned By Appropriate User - Get IncludeConfig directive
  ansible.builtin.shell: |
    set -o pipefail
    grep -e '$IncludeConfig' {{ rsyslog_etc_config }} | cut -d ' ' -f 2 || true
  register: rsyslog_old_inc
  changed_when: false
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85839-9
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.2
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_ownership

- name: Ensure Log Files Are Owned By Appropriate User - Get include files directives
  ansible.builtin.shell: |
    set -o pipefail
    awk '/)/{f=0} /include\(/{f=1} f{ nf=gensub("^(include\\(|\\s*)file=\"(\\S+)\".*","\\2",1); if($0!=nf){ print nf }}' {{ rsyslog_etc_config }} || true
  register: rsyslog_new_inc
  changed_when: false
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85839-9
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.2
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_ownership

- name: Ensure Log Files Are Owned By Appropriate User - Aggregate rsyslog includes
  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
    include_config_output: '{{ rsyslog_old_inc.stdout_lines + rsyslog_new_inc.stdout_lines
      }}'
  when:
  - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  - rsyslog_old_inc is not skipped and rsyslog_new_inc is not skipped
  tags:
  - CCE-85839-9
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.2
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_ownership

- name: Ensure Log Files Are Owned By Appropriate User - List all config files
  ansible.builtin.find:
    paths: '{{ item | dirname }}'
    patterns: '{{ item | basename }}'
    hidden: false
    follow: true
  loop: '{{ include_config_output | list + [rsyslog_etc_config] }}'
  when:
  - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  - include_config_output is defined
  register: rsyslog_config_files
  failed_when: false
  changed_when: false
  tags:
  - CCE-85839-9
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.2
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_ownership

- name: Ensure Log Files Are Owned By Appropriate User - Extract log files old format
  ansible.builtin.shell: |
    set -o pipefail
    grep -oP '^[^(\s|#|\$)]+[\s]+.*[\s]+-?(/+[^:;\s]+);*\.*$' {{ item.1.path }} | \
    awk '{print $NF}' | \
    sed -e 's/^-//' || true
  loop: '{{ rsyslog_config_files.results | default([]) | subelements(''files'') }}'
  register: log_files_old
  changed_when: false
  when:
  - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  - rsyslog_config_files is not skipped
  tags:
  - CCE-85839-9
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.2
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_ownership

- name: Ensure Log Files Are Owned By Appropriate User - Extract log files new format
  ansible.builtin.shell: |
    set -o pipefail
    grep -ozP "action\s*\(\s*type\s*=\s*\"omfile\"[^\)]*\)" {{ item.1.path }} | \
    grep -aoP "\bFile\s*=\s*\"([/[:alnum:][:punct:]]*)\"\s*\)" | \
    grep -oE "\"([/[:alnum:][:punct:]]*)\"" | \
    tr -d "\""|| true
  loop: '{{ rsyslog_config_files.results | default([]) | subelements(''files'') }}'
  register: log_files_new
  changed_when: false
  when:
  - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  - rsyslog_config_files is not skipped
  tags:
  - CCE-85839-9
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.2
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_ownership

- name: Ensure Log Files Are Owned By Appropriate User - Sum all log files found
  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
    log_files: '{{ log_files_new.results | map(attribute=''stdout_lines'') | list
      | flatten | unique + log_files_old.results | map(attribute=''stdout_lines'')
      | list | flatten | unique }}'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85839-9
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.2
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_ownership

- name: Ensure Log Files Are Owned By Appropriate User -Setup log files attribute
  ansible.builtin.file:
    path: '{{ item }}'
    owner: root
    state: file
  loop: '{{ log_files | list | flatten | unique }}'
  failed_when: false
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85839-9
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.2
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_ownership

Rule Ensure System Log Files Have Correct Permissions [ref]

The file permissions for all log files written by rsyslog should be set to 640, or more restrictive. These log files are determined by the second part of each Rule line in /etc/rsyslog.conf and typically all appear in /var/log. For each log file LOGFILE referenced in /etc/rsyslog.conf, run the following command to inspect the file's permissions:

$ ls -l LOGFILE

If the permissions are not 640 or more restrictive, run the following command to correct this:

$ sudo chmod 640 LOGFILE

Rationale:

Log files can contain valuable information regarding system configuration. If the system log files are not protected unauthorized users could change the logged data, eliminating their forensic value.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_rsyslog_files_permissions

Identifiers:

CCE-85837-3

References:

disa	CCI-001314
ism	0988, 1405
nerc-cip	CIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nist	CM-6(a), AC-6(1)
pcidss	Req-10.5.1, Req-10.5.2
cis	4.2.1.3
anssi	R71
pcidss4	10.3.1, 10.3

Remediation Shell script ⇲

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

# List of log file paths to be inspected for correct permissions
# * Primarily inspect log file paths listed in /etc/rsyslog.conf
RSYSLOG_ETC_CONFIG="/etc/rsyslog.conf"
# * And also the log file paths listed after rsyslog's $IncludeConfig directive
#   (store the result into array for the case there's shell glob used as value of IncludeConfig)
readarray -t OLD_INC < <(grep -e "\$IncludeConfig[[:space:]]\+[^[:space:];]\+" /etc/rsyslog.conf | cut -d ' ' -f 2)
readarray -t RSYSLOG_INCLUDE_CONFIG < <(for INCPATH in "${OLD_INC[@]}"; do eval printf '%s\\n' "${INCPATH}"; done)
readarray -t NEW_INC < <(sed -n '/^\s*include(/,/)/Ip' /etc/rsyslog.conf | sed -n 's@.*file\s*=\s*"\([/[:alnum:][:punct:]]*\)".*@\1@Ip')
readarray -t RSYSLOG_INCLUDE < <(for INCPATH in "${NEW_INC[@]}"; do eval printf '%s\\n' "${INCPATH}"; done)

# Declare an array to hold the final list of different log file paths
declare -a LOG_FILE_PATHS

# Array to hold all rsyslog config entries
RSYSLOG_CONFIGS=()
RSYSLOG_CONFIGS=("${RSYSLOG_ETC_CONFIG}" "${RSYSLOG_INCLUDE_CONFIG[@]}" "${RSYSLOG_INCLUDE[@]}")

# Get full list of files to be checked
# RSYSLOG_CONFIGS may contain globs such as
# /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf /etc/rsyslog.d/*.frule
# So, loop over the entries in RSYSLOG_CONFIGS and use find to get the list of included files.
RSYSLOG_CONFIG_FILES=()
for ENTRY in "${RSYSLOG_CONFIGS[@]}"
do
	# If directory, rsyslog will search for config files in recursively.
	# However, files in hidden sub-directories or hidden files will be ignored.
	if [ -d "${ENTRY}" ]
	then
		readarray -t FINDOUT < <(find "${ENTRY}" -not -path '*/.*' -type f)
		RSYSLOG_CONFIG_FILES+=("${FINDOUT[@]}")
	elif [ -f "${ENTRY}" ]
	then
		RSYSLOG_CONFIG_FILES+=("${ENTRY}")
	else
		echo "Invalid include object: ${ENTRY}"
	fi
done

# Browse each file selected above as containing paths of log files
# ('/etc/rsyslog.conf' and '/etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf' in the default configuration)
for LOG_FILE in "${RSYSLOG_CONFIG_FILES[@]}"
do
	# From each of these files extract just particular log file path(s), thus:
	# * Ignore lines starting with space (' '), comment ('#"), or variable syntax ('$') characters,
	# * Ignore empty lines,
	# * Strip quotes and closing brackets from paths.
	# * Ignore paths that match /dev|/etc.*\.conf, as those are paths, but likely not log files
	# * From the remaining valid rows select only fields constituting a log file path
	# Text file column is understood to represent a log file path if and only if all of the
	# following are met:
	# * it contains at least one slash '/' character,
	# * it is preceded by space
	# * it doesn't contain space (' '), colon (':'), and semicolon (';') characters
	# Search log file for path(s) only in case it exists!
	if [[ -f "${LOG_FILE}" ]]
	then
		NORMALIZED_CONFIG_FILE_LINES=$(sed -e "/^[#|$]/d" "${LOG_FILE}")
		LINES_WITH_PATHS=$(grep '[^/]*\s\+\S*/\S\+$' <<< "${NORMALIZED_CONFIG_FILE_LINES}")
		FILTERED_PATHS=$(awk '{if(NF>=2&&($NF~/^\//||$NF~/^-\//)){sub(/^-\//,"/",$NF);print $NF}}' <<< "${LINES_WITH_PATHS}")
		CLEANED_PATHS=$(sed -e "s/[\"')]//g; /\\/etc.*\.conf/d; /\\/dev\\//d" <<< "${FILTERED_PATHS}")
		MATCHED_ITEMS=$(sed -e "/^$/d" <<< "${CLEANED_PATHS}")
		# Since above sed command might return more than one item (delimited by newline), split
		# the particular matches entries into new array specific for this log file
		readarray -t ARRAY_FOR_LOG_FILE <<< "$MATCHED_ITEMS"
		# Concatenate the two arrays - previous content of $LOG_FILE_PATHS array with
		# items from newly created array for this log file
		LOG_FILE_PATHS+=("${ARRAY_FOR_LOG_FILE[@]}")
		# Delete the temporary array
		unset ARRAY_FOR_LOG_FILE
	fi
done

# Check for RainerScript action log format which might be also multiline so grep regex is a bit
# curly:
# extract possibly multiline action omfile expressions
# extract File="logfile" expression
# match only "logfile" expression
for LOG_FILE in "${RSYSLOG_CONFIG_FILES[@]}"
do
	ACTION_OMFILE_LINES=$(grep -iozP "action\s*\(\s*type\s*=\s*\"omfile\"[^\)]*\)" "${LOG_FILE}")
	OMFILE_LINES=$(echo "${ACTION_OMFILE_LINES}"| grep -iaoP "\bFile\s*=\s*\"([/[:alnum:][:punct:]]*)\"\s*\)")
	LOG_FILE_PATHS+=("$(echo "${OMFILE_LINES}"| grep -oE "\"([/[:alnum:][:punct:]]*)\""|tr -d "\"")")
done

# Ensure the correct attribute if file exists
FILE_CMD="chmod"
for LOG_FILE_PATH in "${LOG_FILE_PATHS[@]}"
do
	# Sanity check - if particular $LOG_FILE_PATH is empty string, skip it from further processing
	if [ -z "$LOG_FILE_PATH" ]
	then
		continue
	fi
	$FILE_CMD "0640" "$LOG_FILE_PATH"
done

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

- name: Ensure System Log Files Have Correct Permissions - Set rsyslog logfile configuration
    facts
  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
    rsyslog_etc_config: /etc/rsyslog.conf
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85837-3
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.1
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_permissions

- name: Ensure System Log Files Have Correct Permissions - Get IncludeConfig directive
  ansible.builtin.shell: |
    set -o pipefail
    grep -e '$IncludeConfig' {{ rsyslog_etc_config }} | cut -d ' ' -f 2 || true
  register: rsyslog_old_inc
  changed_when: false
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85837-3
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.1
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_permissions

- name: Ensure System Log Files Have Correct Permissions - Get include files directives
  ansible.builtin.shell: |
    set -o pipefail
    awk '/)/{f=0} /include\(/{f=1} f{ nf=gensub("^(include\\(|\\s*)file=\"(\\S+)\".*","\\2",1); if($0!=nf){ print nf }}' {{ rsyslog_etc_config }} || true
  register: rsyslog_new_inc
  changed_when: false
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85837-3
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.1
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_permissions

- name: Ensure System Log Files Have Correct Permissions - Aggregate rsyslog includes
  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
    include_config_output: '{{ rsyslog_old_inc.stdout_lines + rsyslog_new_inc.stdout_lines
      }}'
  when:
  - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  - rsyslog_old_inc is not skipped and rsyslog_new_inc is not skipped
  tags:
  - CCE-85837-3
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.1
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_permissions

- name: Ensure System Log Files Have Correct Permissions - List all config files
  ansible.builtin.find:
    paths: '{{ item | dirname }}'
    patterns: '{{ item | basename }}'
    hidden: false
    follow: true
  loop: '{{ include_config_output | list + [rsyslog_etc_config] }}'
  when:
  - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  - include_config_output is defined
  register: rsyslog_config_files
  failed_when: false
  changed_when: false
  tags:
  - CCE-85837-3
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.1
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_permissions

- name: Ensure System Log Files Have Correct Permissions - Extract log files old format
  ansible.builtin.shell: |
    set -o pipefail
    grep -oP '^[^(\s|#|\$)]+[\s]+.*[\s]+-?(/+[^:;\s]+);*\.*$' {{ item.1.path }} | \
    awk '{print $NF}' | \
    sed -e 's/^-//' || true
  loop: '{{ rsyslog_config_files.results | default([]) | subelements(''files'') }}'
  register: log_files_old
  changed_when: false
  when:
  - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  - rsyslog_config_files is not skipped
  tags:
  - CCE-85837-3
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.1
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_permissions

- name: Ensure System Log Files Have Correct Permissions - Extract log files new format
  ansible.builtin.shell: |
    set -o pipefail
    grep -ozP "action\s*\(\s*type\s*=\s*\"omfile\"[^\)]*\)" {{ item.1.path }} | \
    grep -aoP "\bFile\s*=\s*\"([/[:alnum:][:punct:]]*)\"\s*\)" | \
    grep -oE "\"([/[:alnum:][:punct:]]*)\"" | \
    tr -d "\""|| true
  loop: '{{ rsyslog_config_files.results | default([]) | subelements(''files'') }}'
  register: log_files_new
  changed_when: false
  when:
  - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  - rsyslog_config_files is not skipped
  tags:
  - CCE-85837-3
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.1
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_permissions

- name: Ensure System Log Files Have Correct Permissions - Sum all log files found
  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
    log_files: '{{ log_files_new.results | map(attribute=''stdout_lines'') | list
      | flatten | unique + log_files_old.results | map(attribute=''stdout_lines'')
      | list | flatten | unique }}'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85837-3
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.1
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_permissions

- name: Ensure System Log Files Have Correct Permissions -Setup log files attribute
  ansible.builtin.file:
    path: '{{ item }}'
    mode: '0640'
    state: file
  loop: '{{ log_files | list | flatten | unique }}'
  failed_when: false
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85837-3
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.1
  - configure_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - rsyslog_files_permissions

Group Ensure All Logs are Rotated by logrotate Group contains 1 rule

[ref] Edit the file /etc/logrotate.d/syslog. Find the first line, which should look like this (wrapped for clarity):

/var/log/messages /var/log/secure /var/log/maillog /var/log/spooler \
  /var/log/boot.log /var/log/cron {

Edit this line so that it contains a one-space-separated listing of each log file referenced in /etc/rsyslog.conf.

All logs in use on a system must be rotated regularly, or the log files will consume disk space over time, eventually interfering with system operation. The file /etc/logrotate.d/syslog is the configuration file used by the logrotate program to maintain all log files written by syslog. By default, it rotates logs weekly and stores four archival copies of each log. These settings can be modified by editing /etc/logrotate.conf, but the defaults are sufficient for purposes of this guide.

Note that logrotate is run nightly by the cron job /etc/cron.daily/logrotate. If particularly active logs need to be rotated more often than once a day, some other mechanism must be used.

Rule Ensure Logrotate Runs Periodically [ref]

The logrotate utility allows for the automatic rotation of log files. The frequency of rotation is specified in /etc/logrotate.conf, which triggers a cron task or a timer. To configure logrotate to run daily, add or correct the following line in /etc/logrotate.conf:

# rotate log files frequency
daily

Rationale:

Log files that are not properly rotated run the risk of growing so large that they fill up the /var/log partition. Valuable logging information could be lost if the /var/log partition becomes full.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_ensure_logrotate_activated

Identifiers:

CCE-85850-6

References:

cis-csc	1, 14, 15, 16, 3, 5, 6
cobit5	APO11.04, BAI03.05, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, MEA02.01
disa	CCI-000366
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.3.9, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.4.4.7, 4.4.2.1, 4.4.2.2, 4.4.2.4
isa-62443-2013	SR 2.10, SR 2.11, SR 2.12, SR 2.8, SR 2.9
iso27001-2013	A.12.4.1, A.12.4.2, A.12.4.3, A.12.4.4, A.12.7.1
nist	CM-6(a)
nist-csf	PR.PT-1
pcidss	Req-10.7
cis	4.2.4
anssi	R71

Remediation Shell script ⇲

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ] && { rpm --quiet -q logrotate; }; then

LOGROTATE_CONF_FILE="/etc/logrotate.conf"

SYSTEMCTL_EXEC='/usr/bin/systemctl'


# daily rotation is configured
grep -q "^daily$" $LOGROTATE_CONF_FILE|| echo "daily" >> $LOGROTATE_CONF_FILE

# remove any line configuring weekly, monthly or yearly rotation
sed -i '/^\s*\(weekly\|monthly\|yearly\).*$/d' $LOGROTATE_CONF_FILE


# enable logrotate timer service
"$SYSTEMCTL_EXEC" unmask 'logrotate.timer'
"$SYSTEMCTL_EXEC" start 'logrotate.timer'
"$SYSTEMCTL_EXEC" enable 'logrotate.timer'

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

- name: Gather the package facts
  package_facts:
    manager: auto
  tags:
  - CCE-85850-6
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.7
  - configure_strategy
  - ensure_logrotate_activated
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Configure daily log rotation in /etc/logrotate.conf
  lineinfile:
    create: true
    dest: /etc/logrotate.conf
    regexp: ^daily$
    line: daily
  when:
  - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  - '"logrotate" in ansible_facts.packages'
  tags:
  - CCE-85850-6
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.7
  - configure_strategy
  - ensure_logrotate_activated
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Make sure daily log rotation setting is not overriden in /etc/logrotate.conf
  lineinfile:
    create: false
    dest: /etc/logrotate.conf
    regexp: ^[\s]*(weekly|monthly|yearly)$
    state: absent
  when:
  - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  - '"logrotate" in ansible_facts.packages'
  tags:
  - CCE-85850-6
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.7
  - configure_strategy
  - ensure_logrotate_activated
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Enable timer logrotate
  systemd:
    name: logrotate.timer
    enabled: 'yes'
    state: started
    masked: 'no'
  when:
  - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  - '"logrotate" in ansible_facts.packages'
  tags:
  - CCE-85850-6
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.7
  - configure_strategy
  - ensure_logrotate_activated
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Rule Ensure rsyslog is Installed [ref]

Rsyslog is installed by default. The rsyslog package can be installed with the following command:

 $ sudo zypper install rsyslog

Rationale:

The rsyslog package provides the rsyslog daemon, which provides system logging services.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_rsyslog_installed

Identifiers:

CCE-91161-0

References:

cis-csc	1, 14, 15, 16, 3, 5, 6
cobit5	APO11.04, BAI03.05, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, MEA02.01
disa	CCI-001311, CCI-001312, CCI-000366
hipaa	164.312(a)(2)(ii)
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.3.9, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.4.4.7, 4.4.2.1, 4.4.2.2, 4.4.2.4
isa-62443-2013	SR 2.10, SR 2.11, SR 2.12, SR 2.8, SR 2.9
iso27001-2013	A.12.4.1, A.12.4.2, A.12.4.3, A.12.4.4, A.12.7.1
nist	CM-6(a)
nist-csf	PR.PT-1
ospp	FTP_ITC_EXT.1.1
os-srg	SRG-OS-000479-GPOS-00224, SRG-OS-000051-GPOS-00024, SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
cis	4.2.1.1

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

zypper install -y "rsyslog"

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Puppet snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

include install_rsyslog

class install_rsyslog {
  package { 'rsyslog':
    ensure => 'installed',
  }
}

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

- name: Ensure rsyslog is installed
  package:
    name: rsyslog
    state: present
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91161-0
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - enable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - package_rsyslog_installed

Remediation OSBuild Blueprint snippet ⇲


[[packages]]
name = "rsyslog"
version = "*"

Rule Enable rsyslog Service [ref]

The rsyslog service provides syslog-style logging by default on SUSE Linux Enterprise 15. The rsyslog service can be enabled with the following command:

$ sudo systemctl enable rsyslog.service

Rationale:

The rsyslog service must be running in order to provide logging services, which are essential to system administration.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_rsyslog_enabled

Identifiers:

CCE-91162-8

References:

cis-csc	1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
cobit5	APO10.01, APO10.03, APO10.04, APO10.05, APO11.04, APO13.01, BAI03.05, BAI04.04, DSS01.03, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, MEA01.01, MEA01.02, MEA01.03, MEA01.04, MEA01.05, MEA02.01
disa	CCI-001311, CCI-001312, CCI-001557, CCI-001851, CCI-000366
hipaa	164.312(a)(2)(ii)
isa-62443-2009	4.3.2.6.7, 4.3.3.3.9, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.4.4.7, 4.4.2.1, 4.4.2.2, 4.4.2.4
isa-62443-2013	SR 2.10, SR 2.11, SR 2.12, SR 2.8, SR 2.9, SR 6.1, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2
iso27001-2013	A.12.1.3, A.12.4.1, A.12.4.2, A.12.4.3, A.12.4.4, A.12.7.1, A.14.2.7, A.15.2.1, A.15.2.2, A.17.2.1
nist	CM-6(a), AU-4(1)
nist-csf	DE.CM-1, DE.CM-3, DE.CM-7, ID.SC-4, PR.DS-4, PR.PT-1
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
cis	4.2.1.2

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

SYSTEMCTL_EXEC='/usr/bin/systemctl'
"$SYSTEMCTL_EXEC" unmask 'rsyslog.service'
"$SYSTEMCTL_EXEC" start 'rsyslog.service'
"$SYSTEMCTL_EXEC" enable 'rsyslog.service'

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Puppet snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

include enable_rsyslog

class enable_rsyslog {
  service {'rsyslog':
    enable => true,
    ensure => 'running',
  }
}

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

- name: Enable rsyslog Service - Enable service rsyslog
  block:

  - name: Gather the package facts
    package_facts:
      manager: auto

  - name: Enable rsyslog Service - Enable Service rsyslog
    ansible.builtin.systemd:
      name: rsyslog
      enabled: true
      state: started
      masked: false
    when:
    - '"rsyslog" in ansible_facts.packages'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91162-8
  - NIST-800-53-AU-4(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - enable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - service_rsyslog_enabled

Remediation OSBuild Blueprint snippet ⇲


[customizations.services]
enabled = ["rsyslog"]

Group Network Configuration and Firewalls Group contains 5 groups and 18 rules

[ref] Most systems must be connected to a network of some sort, and this brings with it the substantial risk of network attack. This section discusses the security impact of decisions about networking which must be made when configuring a system.

This section also discusses firewalls, network access controls, and other network security frameworks, which allow system-level rules to be written that can limit an attackers' ability to connect to your system. These rules can specify that network traffic should be allowed or denied from certain IP addresses, hosts, and networks. The rules can also specify which of the system's network services are available to particular hosts or networks.

Group firewalld Group contains 1 group and 1 rule

[ref] The dynamic firewall daemon firewalld provides a dynamically managed firewall with support for network “zones” to assign a level of trust to a network and its associated connections and interfaces. It has support for IPv4 and IPv6 firewall settings. It supports Ethernet bridges and has a separation of runtime and permanent configuration options. It also has an interface for services or applications to add firewall rules directly.
A graphical configuration tool, firewall-config, is used to configure firewalld, which in turn uses iptables tool to communicate with Netfilter in the kernel which implements packet filtering.
The firewall service provided by firewalld is dynamic rather than static because changes to the configuration can be made at anytime and are immediately implemented. There is no need to save or apply the changes. No unintended disruption of existing network connections occurs as no part of the firewall has to be reloaded.

Group Inspect and Activate Default firewalld Rules Group contains 1 rule

[ref] Firewalls can be used to separate networks into different zones based on the level of trust the user has decided to place on the devices and traffic within that network. NetworkManager informs firewalld to which zone an interface belongs. An interface's assigned zone can be changed by NetworkManager or via the firewall-config tool.
The zone settings in /etc/firewalld/ are a range of preset settings which can be quickly applied to a network interface. These are the zones provided by firewalld sorted according to the default trust level of the zones from untrusted to trusted:

drop
Any incoming network packets are dropped, there is no reply. Only outgoing network connections are possible.
block
Any incoming network connections are rejected with an icmp-host-prohibited message for IPv4 and icmp6-adm-prohibited for IPv6. Only network connections initiated from within the system are possible.
public
For use in public areas. You do not trust the other computers on the network to not harm your computer. Only selected incoming connections are accepted.
external
For use on external networks with masquerading enabled especially for routers. You do not trust the other computers on the network to not harm your computer. Only selected incoming connections are accepted.
dmz
For computers in your demilitarized zone that are publicly-accessible with limited access to your internal network. Only selected incoming connections are accepted.
work
For use in work areas. You mostly trust the other computers on networks to not harm your computer. Only selected incoming connections are accepted.
home
For use in home areas. You mostly trust the other computers on networks to not harm your computer. Only selected incoming connections are accepted.
internal
For use on internal networks. You mostly trust the other computers on the networks to not harm your computer. Only selected incoming connections are accepted.
trusted
All network connections are accepted.

It is possible to designate one of these zones to be the default zone. When interface connections are added to NetworkManager, they are assigned to the default zone. On installation, the default zone in firewalld is set to be the public zone.
To find out all the settings of a zone, for example the public zone, enter the following command as root:

# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-all

Example output of this command might look like the following:

# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-all
public
  interfaces:
  services: mdns dhcpv6-client ssh
  ports:
  forward-ports:
  icmp-blocks: source-quench

To view the network zones currently active, enter the following command as root:

# firewall-cmd --get-service

The following listing displays the result of this command on common SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 system:

# firewall-cmd --get-service
amanda-client bacula bacula-client dhcp dhcpv6 dhcpv6-client dns ftp
high-availability http https imaps ipp ipp-client ipsec kerberos kpasswd
ldap ldaps libvirt libvirt-tls mdns mountd ms-wbt mysql nfs ntp openvpn
pmcd pmproxy pmwebapi pmwebapis pop3s postgresql proxy-dhcp radius rpc-bind
samba samba-client smtp ssh telnet tftp tftp-client transmission-client
vnc-server wbem-https

Finally to view the network zones that will be active after the next firewalld service reload, enter the following command as root:

# firewall-cmd --get-service --permanent

Rule Install firewalld Package [ref]

The firewalld package can be installed with the following command:

$ sudo zypper install firewalld

Rationale:

"Firewalld" provides an easy and effective way to block/limit remote access to the system via ports, services, and protocols. Remote access services, such as those providing remote access to network devices and information systems, which lack automated control capabilities, increase risk and make remote user access management difficult at best. Remote access is access to DoD nonpublic information systems by an authorized user (or an information system) communicating through an external, non-organization-controlled network. Remote access methods include, for example, dial-up, broadband, and wireless. SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 functionality (e.g., SSH) must be capable of taking enforcement action if the audit reveals unauthorized activity. Automated control of remote access sessions allows organizations to ensure ongoing compliance with remote access policies by enforcing connection rules of remote access applications on a variety of information system components (e.g., servers, workstations, notebook computers, smartphones, and tablets)."

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_firewalld_installed

Identifiers:

CCE-85698-9

References:

disa	CCI-002314
nist	CM-7, CM-7.1(iii), CM-7(b), AC-17(1)
ospp	FMT_SMF_EXT.1
os-srg	SRG-OS-000096-GPOS-00050, SRG-OS-000297-GPOS-00115, SRG-OS-000298-GPOS-00116, SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227, SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00232
stigid	SLES-15-010220
cis	3.5.1.1
pcidss4	1.2.1, 1.2
stigref	SV-234821r958480_rule

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

zypper install -y "firewalld"

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Puppet snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

include install_firewalld

class install_firewalld {
  package { 'firewalld':
    ensure => 'installed',
  }
}

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

- name: Ensure firewalld is installed
  package:
    name: firewalld
    state: present
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85698-9
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-010220
  - NIST-800-53-AC-17(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7.1(iii)
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.2.1
  - enable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - package_firewalld_installed

Remediation OSBuild Blueprint snippet ⇲


[[packages]]
name = "firewalld"
version = "*"

Group Kernel Parameters Which Affect Networking Group contains 2 groups and 17 rules

[ref] The sysctl utility is used to set parameters which affect the operation of the Linux kernel. Kernel parameters which affect networking and have security implications are described here.

Group Network Related Kernel Runtime Parameters for Hosts and Routers Group contains 14 rules

[ref] Certain kernel parameters should be set for systems which are acting as either hosts or routers to improve the system's ability defend against certain types of IPv4 protocol attacks.

Rule Disable Accepting ICMP Redirects for All IPv4 Interfaces [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects=0

To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:

net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0

Rationale:

ICMP redirect messages are used by routers to inform hosts that a more direct route exists for a particular destination. These messages modify the host's route table and are unauthenticated. An illicit ICMP redirect message could result in a man-in-the-middle attack.
This feature of the IPv4 protocol has few legitimate uses. It should be disabled unless absolutely required."

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_redirects

Identifiers:

CCE-85651-8

References:

cis-csc	1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9
cjis	5.10.1.1
cobit5	APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.06
cui	3.1.20
disa	CCI-000366, CCI-001503, CCI-001551
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.9.1.2
nist	CM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a), SC-7(a)
nist-csf	DE.CM-1, PR.DS-4, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
stigid	SLES-15-040330
cis	3.3.2
anssi	R12
stigref	SV-235018r991589_rule

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

# Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects from /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files

for f in /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf; do


  # skip systemd-sysctl symlink (/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf -> /etc/sysctl.conf)
  if [[ "$(readlink -f "$f")" == "/etc/sysctl.conf" ]]; then continue; fi

  matching_list=$(grep -P '^(?!#).*[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects.*$' $f | uniq )
  if ! test -z "$matching_list"; then
    while IFS= read -r entry; do
      escaped_entry=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$entry")
      # comment out "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects" matches to preserve user data
      sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^${escaped_entry}$/# &/g" $f
    done <<< "$matching_list"
  fi
done

#
# Set sysctl config file which to save the desired value
#

SYSCONFIG_FILE='/etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_redirects.conf'

sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_redirects_value='0'


#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects="$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_redirects_value"

#
# If net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#

sed -i "/^$SYSCONFIG_VAR/d" /etc/sysctl.conf

# Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
# adding any search characters to the config file.
stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects")

# shellcheck disable=SC2059
printf -v formatted_output "%s = %s" "$stripped_key" "$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_redirects_value"

# If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
# We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
# so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects\\>" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"; then
    escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
    LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
else
    if [[ -s "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" || true)" ]]; then
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    fi
    cce="CCE-85651-8"
    printf '# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "${cce}" "${formatted_output}" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

- name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
  find:
    paths:
    - /run/sysctl.d/
    - /etc/sysctl.d/
    - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
    - /lib/sysctl.d/
    contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects.*$
    patterns: '*.conf'
    file_type: any
  register: find_sysctl_d
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85651-8
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040330
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_redirects

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects from config
    files
  replace:
    path: '{{ item.path }}'
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects
    replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects'
  loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85651-8
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040330
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_redirects

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects from /etc/sysctl.conf
  replace:
    path: /etc/sysctl.conf
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects
    replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85651-8
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040330
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_redirects
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_redirects_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_redirects_value: !!str 0
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects
    value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_redirects_value }}'
    sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_redirects.conf
    state: present
    reload: true
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85651-8
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040330
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_redirects

Rule Disable Kernel Parameter for Accepting Source-Routed Packets on all IPv4 Interfaces [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route=0

To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:

net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0

Rationale:

Source-routed packets allow the source of the packet to suggest routers forward the packet along a different path than configured on the router, which can be used to bypass network security measures. This requirement applies only to the forwarding of source-routerd traffic, such as when IPv4 forwarding is enabled and the system is functioning as a router.

Accepting source-routed packets in the IPv4 protocol has few legitimate uses. It should be disabled unless it is absolutely required.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route

Identifiers:

CCE-85648-4

References:

cis-csc	1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
cobit5	APO01.06, APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS01.05, DSS03.01, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.02, DSS06.06
cui	3.1.20
disa	CCI-000366
isa-62443-2009	4.2.3.4, 4.3.3.4, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3, 4.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.12.1.1, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.2, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.2, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cip	CIP-007-3 R4, CIP-007-3 R4.1, CIP-007-3 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1
nist	CM-7(a), CM-7(b), SC-5, CM-6(a), SC-7(a)
nist-csf	DE.AE-1, DE.CM-1, ID.AM-3, PR.AC-5, PR.DS-4, PR.DS-5, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
stigid	SLES-15-040300
cis	3.3.1
anssi	R12
stigref	SV-235014r991589_rule

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

# Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route from /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files

for f in /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf; do


  # skip systemd-sysctl symlink (/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf -> /etc/sysctl.conf)
  if [[ "$(readlink -f "$f")" == "/etc/sysctl.conf" ]]; then continue; fi

  matching_list=$(grep -P '^(?!#).*[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route.*$' $f | uniq )
  if ! test -z "$matching_list"; then
    while IFS= read -r entry; do
      escaped_entry=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$entry")
      # comment out "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route" matches to preserve user data
      sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^${escaped_entry}$/# &/g" $f
    done <<< "$matching_list"
  fi
done

#
# Set sysctl config file which to save the desired value
#

SYSCONFIG_FILE='/etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route.conf'

sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route_value='0'


#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route="$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route_value"

#
# If net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#

sed -i "/^$SYSCONFIG_VAR/d" /etc/sysctl.conf

# Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
# adding any search characters to the config file.
stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route")

# shellcheck disable=SC2059
printf -v formatted_output "%s = %s" "$stripped_key" "$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route_value"

# If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
# We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
# so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route\\>" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"; then
    escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
    LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
else
    if [[ -s "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" || true)" ]]; then
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    fi
    cce="CCE-85648-4"
    printf '# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "${cce}" "${formatted_output}" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

- name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
  find:
    paths:
    - /run/sysctl.d/
    - /etc/sysctl.d/
    - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
    - /lib/sysctl.d/
    contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route.*$
    patterns: '*.conf'
    file_type: any
  register: find_sysctl_d
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85648-4
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040300
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route from
    config files
  replace:
    path: '{{ item.path }}'
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route
    replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route'
  loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85648-4
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040300
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route from
    /etc/sysctl.conf
  replace:
    path: /etc/sysctl.conf
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route
    replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85648-4
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040300
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route_value: !!str 0
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route
    value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route_value }}'
    sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route.conf
    state: present
    reload: true
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85648-4
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040300
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route

Rule Enable Kernel Parameter to Log Martian Packets on all IPv4 Interfaces [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians=1

To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:

net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1

Rationale:

The presence of "martian" packets (which have impossible addresses) as well as spoofed packets, source-routed packets, and redirects could be a sign of nefarious network activity. Logging these packets enables this activity to be detected.

Severity:

unknown

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians

Identifiers:

CCE-91222-0

References:

cis-csc	1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9
cobit5	APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS01.04, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.03, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.06
cui	3.1.20
disa	CCI-000126
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.11.2.6, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.2.1, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.6.2.1, A.6.2.2, A.9.1.2
nist	CM-7(a), CM-7(b), SC-5(3)(a)
nist-csf	DE.CM-1, PR.AC-3, PR.DS-4, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
cis	3.3.4

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

# Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians from /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files

for f in /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf; do


  # skip systemd-sysctl symlink (/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf -> /etc/sysctl.conf)
  if [[ "$(readlink -f "$f")" == "/etc/sysctl.conf" ]]; then continue; fi

  matching_list=$(grep -P '^(?!#).*[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians.*$' $f | uniq )
  if ! test -z "$matching_list"; then
    while IFS= read -r entry; do
      escaped_entry=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$entry")
      # comment out "net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians" matches to preserve user data
      sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^${escaped_entry}$/# &/g" $f
    done <<< "$matching_list"
  fi
done

#
# Set sysctl config file which to save the desired value
#

SYSCONFIG_FILE='/etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians.conf'

sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians_value='1'


#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians="$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians_value"

#
# If net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#

sed -i "/^$SYSCONFIG_VAR/d" /etc/sysctl.conf

# Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
# adding any search characters to the config file.
stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians")

# shellcheck disable=SC2059
printf -v formatted_output "%s = %s" "$stripped_key" "$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians_value"

# If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
# We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
# so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians\\>" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"; then
    escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
    LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
else
    if [[ -s "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" || true)" ]]; then
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    fi
    cce="CCE-91222-0"
    printf '# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "${cce}" "${formatted_output}" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

- name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
  find:
    paths:
    - /run/sysctl.d/
    - /etc/sysctl.d/
    - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
    - /lib/sysctl.d/
    contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians.*$
    patterns: '*.conf'
    file_type: any
  register: find_sysctl_d
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91222-0
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians
  - unknown_severity

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians from config
    files
  replace:
    path: '{{ item.path }}'
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians
    replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians'
  loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91222-0
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians
  - unknown_severity

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians from /etc/sysctl.conf
  replace:
    path: /etc/sysctl.conf
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians
    replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91222-0
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians
  - unknown_severity
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians_value: !!str 1
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians
    value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians_value }}'
    sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians.conf
    state: present
    reload: true
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91222-0
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians
  - unknown_severity

Rule Enable Kernel Parameter to Use Reverse Path Filtering on all IPv4 Interfaces [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1

To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:

net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

Rationale:

Enabling reverse path filtering drops packets with source addresses that should not have been able to be received on the interface they were received on. It should not be used on systems which are routers for complicated networks, but is helpful for end hosts and routers serving small networks.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter

Identifiers:

CCE-91218-8

References:

cis-csc	1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
cobit5	APO01.06, APO13.01, BAI04.04, DSS01.03, DSS01.05, DSS03.01, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
cui	3.1.20
disa	CCI-000366, CCI-001551
isa-62443-2009	4.2.3.4, 4.3.3.4, 4.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.12.1.1, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.2, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.2, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.17.2.1, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nist	CM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a), SC-7(a)
nist-csf	DE.AE-1, DE.CM-1, ID.AM-3, PR.AC-5, PR.DS-4, PR.DS-5, PR.PT-4
pcidss	Req-1.4.3
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
cis	3.3.7
anssi	R12
pcidss4	1.4.3, 1.4

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

# Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter from /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files

for f in /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf; do


  # skip systemd-sysctl symlink (/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf -> /etc/sysctl.conf)
  if [[ "$(readlink -f "$f")" == "/etc/sysctl.conf" ]]; then continue; fi

  matching_list=$(grep -P '^(?!#).*[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter.*$' $f | uniq )
  if ! test -z "$matching_list"; then
    while IFS= read -r entry; do
      escaped_entry=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$entry")
      # comment out "net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter" matches to preserve user data
      sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^${escaped_entry}$/# &/g" $f
    done <<< "$matching_list"
  fi
done

#
# Set sysctl config file which to save the desired value
#

SYSCONFIG_FILE='/etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter.conf'

sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter_value='1'


#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter="$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter_value"

#
# If net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#

sed -i "/^$SYSCONFIG_VAR/d" /etc/sysctl.conf

# Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
# adding any search characters to the config file.
stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter")

# shellcheck disable=SC2059
printf -v formatted_output "%s = %s" "$stripped_key" "$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter_value"

# If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
# We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
# so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter\\>" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"; then
    escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
    LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
else
    if [[ -s "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" || true)" ]]; then
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    fi
    cce="CCE-91218-8"
    printf '# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "${cce}" "${formatted_output}" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

- name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
  find:
    paths:
    - /run/sysctl.d/
    - /etc/sysctl.d/
    - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
    - /lib/sysctl.d/
    contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter.*$
    patterns: '*.conf'
    file_type: any
  register: find_sysctl_d
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91218-8
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter from config files
  replace:
    path: '{{ item.path }}'
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter
    replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter'
  loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91218-8
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter from /etc/sysctl.conf
  replace:
    path: /etc/sysctl.conf
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter
    replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91218-8
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter_value: !!str 1
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter
    value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter_value }}'
    sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter.conf
    state: present
    reload: true
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91218-8
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter

Rule Disable Kernel Parameter for Accepting Secure ICMP Redirects on all IPv4 Interfaces [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects=0

To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:

net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0

Rationale:

Accepting "secure" ICMP redirects (from those gateways listed as default gateways) has few legitimate uses. It should be disabled unless it is absolutely required.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects

Identifiers:

CCE-91220-4

References:

cis-csc	1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
cobit5	APO01.06, APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS01.05, DSS03.01, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.02, DSS06.06
cui	3.1.20
disa	CCI-001503, CCI-001551
isa-62443-2009	4.2.3.4, 4.3.3.4, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3, 4.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.12.1.1, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.2, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.2, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nist	CM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a), SC-7(a)
nist-csf	DE.AE-1, DE.CM-1, ID.AM-3, PR.AC-5, PR.DS-4, PR.DS-5, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4
pcidss	Req-1.4.3
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
cis	3.3.3
anssi	R12
pcidss4	1.4.3, 1.4

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

# Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects from /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files

for f in /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf; do


  # skip systemd-sysctl symlink (/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf -> /etc/sysctl.conf)
  if [[ "$(readlink -f "$f")" == "/etc/sysctl.conf" ]]; then continue; fi

  matching_list=$(grep -P '^(?!#).*[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects.*$' $f | uniq )
  if ! test -z "$matching_list"; then
    while IFS= read -r entry; do
      escaped_entry=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$entry")
      # comment out "net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects" matches to preserve user data
      sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^${escaped_entry}$/# &/g" $f
    done <<< "$matching_list"
  fi
done

#
# Set sysctl config file which to save the desired value
#

SYSCONFIG_FILE='/etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects.conf'

sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects_value='0'


#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects="$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects_value"

#
# If net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#

sed -i "/^$SYSCONFIG_VAR/d" /etc/sysctl.conf

# Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
# adding any search characters to the config file.
stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects")

# shellcheck disable=SC2059
printf -v formatted_output "%s = %s" "$stripped_key" "$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects_value"

# If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
# We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
# so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects\\>" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"; then
    escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
    LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
else
    if [[ -s "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" || true)" ]]; then
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    fi
    cce="CCE-91220-4"
    printf '# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "${cce}" "${formatted_output}" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

- name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
  find:
    paths:
    - /run/sysctl.d/
    - /etc/sysctl.d/
    - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
    - /lib/sysctl.d/
    contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects.*$
    patterns: '*.conf'
    file_type: any
  register: find_sysctl_d
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91220-4
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects from config
    files
  replace:
    path: '{{ item.path }}'
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects
    replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects'
  loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91220-4
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects from /etc/sysctl.conf
  replace:
    path: /etc/sysctl.conf
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects
    replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91220-4
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects_value: !!str 0
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects
    value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects_value }}'
    sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects.conf
    state: present
    reload: true
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91220-4
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects

Rule Disable Kernel Parameter for Accepting ICMP Redirects by Default on IPv4 Interfaces [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects=0

To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0

Rationale:

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects

Identifiers:

CCE-85652-6

References:

cis-csc	1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
cjis	5.10.1.1
cobit5	APO01.06, APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS01.05, DSS03.01, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.02, DSS06.06
cui	3.1.20
disa	CCI-000366, CCI-001551
isa-62443-2009	4.2.3.4, 4.3.3.4, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3, 4.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.12.1.1, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.2, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.2, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nist	CM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a), SC-7(a)
nist-csf	DE.AE-1, DE.CM-1, ID.AM-3, PR.AC-5, PR.DS-4, PR.DS-5, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4
pcidss	Req-1.4.3
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
stigid	SLES-15-040340
cis	3.3.3
anssi	R12
pcidss4	1.4.3, 1.4
stigref	SV-235019r991589_rule

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

# Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects from /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files

for f in /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf; do


  # skip systemd-sysctl symlink (/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf -> /etc/sysctl.conf)
  if [[ "$(readlink -f "$f")" == "/etc/sysctl.conf" ]]; then continue; fi

  matching_list=$(grep -P '^(?!#).*[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects.*$' $f | uniq )
  if ! test -z "$matching_list"; then
    while IFS= read -r entry; do
      escaped_entry=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$entry")
      # comment out "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects" matches to preserve user data
      sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^${escaped_entry}$/# &/g" $f
    done <<< "$matching_list"
  fi
done

#
# Set sysctl config file which to save the desired value
#

SYSCONFIG_FILE='/etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects.conf'

sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects_value='0'


#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects="$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects_value"

#
# If net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#

sed -i "/^$SYSCONFIG_VAR/d" /etc/sysctl.conf

# Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
# adding any search characters to the config file.
stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects")

# shellcheck disable=SC2059
printf -v formatted_output "%s = %s" "$stripped_key" "$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects_value"

# If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
# We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
# so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects\\>" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"; then
    escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
    LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
else
    if [[ -s "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" || true)" ]]; then
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    fi
    cce="CCE-85652-6"
    printf '# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "${cce}" "${formatted_output}" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

- name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
  find:
    paths:
    - /run/sysctl.d/
    - /etc/sysctl.d/
    - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
    - /lib/sysctl.d/
    contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects.*$
    patterns: '*.conf'
    file_type: any
  register: find_sysctl_d
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85652-6
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040340
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects from
    config files
  replace:
    path: '{{ item.path }}'
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects
    replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects'
  loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85652-6
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040340
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects from
    /etc/sysctl.conf
  replace:
    path: /etc/sysctl.conf
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects
    replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85652-6
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040340
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects_value: !!str 0
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects
    value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects_value }}'
    sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects.conf
    state: present
    reload: true
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85652-6
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040340
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects

Rule Disable Kernel Parameter for Accepting Source-Routed Packets on IPv4 Interfaces by Default [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route=0

To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

Rationale:

Source-routed packets allow the source of the packet to suggest routers forward the packet along a different path than configured on the router, which can be used to bypass network security measures.
Accepting source-routed packets in the IPv4 protocol has few legitimate uses. It should be disabled unless it is absolutely required, such as when IPv4 forwarding is enabled and the system is legitimately functioning as a router.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route

Identifiers:

CCE-85650-0

References:

cis-csc	1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
cjis	5.10.1.1
cobit5	APO01.06, APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS01.05, DSS03.01, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.02, DSS06.06
cui	3.1.20
disa	CCI-000366, CCI-001551
isa-62443-2009	4.2.3.4, 4.3.3.4, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3, 4.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.12.1.1, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.2, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.2, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cip	CIP-007-3 R4, CIP-007-3 R4.1, CIP-007-3 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1
nist	CM-7(a), CM-7(b), SC-5, SC-7(a)
nist-csf	DE.AE-1, DE.CM-1, ID.AM-3, PR.AC-5, PR.DS-4, PR.DS-5, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
stigid	SLES-15-040320
cis	3.3.1
anssi	R12
stigref	SV-235016r991589_rule

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

# Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route from /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files

for f in /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf; do


  # skip systemd-sysctl symlink (/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf -> /etc/sysctl.conf)
  if [[ "$(readlink -f "$f")" == "/etc/sysctl.conf" ]]; then continue; fi

  matching_list=$(grep -P '^(?!#).*[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route.*$' $f | uniq )
  if ! test -z "$matching_list"; then
    while IFS= read -r entry; do
      escaped_entry=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$entry")
      # comment out "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route" matches to preserve user data
      sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^${escaped_entry}$/# &/g" $f
    done <<< "$matching_list"
  fi
done

#
# Set sysctl config file which to save the desired value
#

SYSCONFIG_FILE='/etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route.conf'

sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route_value='0'


#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route="$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route_value"

#
# If net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#

sed -i "/^$SYSCONFIG_VAR/d" /etc/sysctl.conf

# Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
# adding any search characters to the config file.
stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route")

# shellcheck disable=SC2059
printf -v formatted_output "%s = %s" "$stripped_key" "$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route_value"

# If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
# We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
# so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route\\>" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"; then
    escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
    LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
else
    if [[ -s "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" || true)" ]]; then
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    fi
    cce="CCE-85650-0"
    printf '# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "${cce}" "${formatted_output}" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

- name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
  find:
    paths:
    - /run/sysctl.d/
    - /etc/sysctl.d/
    - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
    - /lib/sysctl.d/
    contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route.*$
    patterns: '*.conf'
    file_type: any
  register: find_sysctl_d
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85650-0
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040320
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route from
    config files
  replace:
    path: '{{ item.path }}'
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route
    replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route'
  loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85650-0
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040320
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route from
    /etc/sysctl.conf
  replace:
    path: /etc/sysctl.conf
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route
    replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85650-0
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040320
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route_value: !!str 0
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route
    value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route_value }}'
    sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route.conf
    state: present
    reload: true
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85650-0
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040320
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route

Rule Enable Kernel Paremeter to Log Martian Packets on all IPv4 Interfaces by Default [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians=1

To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:

net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1

Rationale:

Severity:

unknown

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_log_martians

Identifiers:

CCE-92482-9

References:

cis-csc	1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9
cobit5	APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS01.04, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.03, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.06
cui	3.1.20
disa	CCI-000126
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.11.2.6, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.2.1, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.6.2.1, A.6.2.2, A.9.1.2
nist	CM-7(a), CM-7(b), SC-5(3)(a)
nist-csf	DE.CM-1, PR.AC-3, PR.DS-4, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
cis	3.3.4

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

# Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians from /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files

for f in /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf; do


  # skip systemd-sysctl symlink (/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf -> /etc/sysctl.conf)
  if [[ "$(readlink -f "$f")" == "/etc/sysctl.conf" ]]; then continue; fi

  matching_list=$(grep -P '^(?!#).*[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians.*$' $f | uniq )
  if ! test -z "$matching_list"; then
    while IFS= read -r entry; do
      escaped_entry=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$entry")
      # comment out "net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians" matches to preserve user data
      sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^${escaped_entry}$/# &/g" $f
    done <<< "$matching_list"
  fi
done

#
# Set sysctl config file which to save the desired value
#

SYSCONFIG_FILE='/etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_conf_default_log_martians.conf'

sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_log_martians_value='1'


#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians="$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_log_martians_value"

#
# If net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#

sed -i "/^$SYSCONFIG_VAR/d" /etc/sysctl.conf

# Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
# adding any search characters to the config file.
stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians")

# shellcheck disable=SC2059
printf -v formatted_output "%s = %s" "$stripped_key" "$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_log_martians_value"

# If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
# We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
# so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians\\>" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"; then
    escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
    LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
else
    if [[ -s "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" || true)" ]]; then
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    fi
    cce="CCE-92482-9"
    printf '# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "${cce}" "${formatted_output}" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

- name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
  find:
    paths:
    - /run/sysctl.d/
    - /etc/sysctl.d/
    - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
    - /lib/sysctl.d/
    contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians.*$
    patterns: '*.conf'
    file_type: any
  register: find_sysctl_d
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-92482-9
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_log_martians
  - unknown_severity

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians from config
    files
  replace:
    path: '{{ item.path }}'
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians
    replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians'
  loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-92482-9
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_log_martians
  - unknown_severity

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians from /etc/sysctl.conf
  replace:
    path: /etc/sysctl.conf
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians
    replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-92482-9
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_log_martians
  - unknown_severity
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_log_martians_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_log_martians_value: !!str 1
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians
    value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_log_martians_value }}'
    sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_conf_default_log_martians.conf
    state: present
    reload: true
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-92482-9
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_log_martians
  - unknown_severity

Rule Enable Kernel Parameter to Use Reverse Path Filtering on all IPv4 Interfaces by Default [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1

To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

Rationale:

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter

Identifiers:

CCE-91219-6

References:

cis-csc	1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
cobit5	APO01.06, APO13.01, BAI04.04, DSS01.03, DSS01.05, DSS03.01, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
cui	3.1.20
disa	CCI-000366
isa-62443-2009	4.2.3.4, 4.3.3.4, 4.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.12.1.1, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.2, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.2, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.17.2.1, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nist	CM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a), SC-7(a)
nist-csf	DE.AE-1, DE.CM-1, ID.AM-3, PR.AC-5, PR.DS-4, PR.DS-5, PR.PT-4
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
cis	3.3.7
anssi	R12

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

# Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter from /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files

for f in /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf; do


  # skip systemd-sysctl symlink (/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf -> /etc/sysctl.conf)
  if [[ "$(readlink -f "$f")" == "/etc/sysctl.conf" ]]; then continue; fi

  matching_list=$(grep -P '^(?!#).*[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter.*$' $f | uniq )
  if ! test -z "$matching_list"; then
    while IFS= read -r entry; do
      escaped_entry=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$entry")
      # comment out "net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter" matches to preserve user data
      sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^${escaped_entry}$/# &/g" $f
    done <<< "$matching_list"
  fi
done

#
# Set sysctl config file which to save the desired value
#

SYSCONFIG_FILE='/etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter.conf'

sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter_value='1'


#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter="$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter_value"

#
# If net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#

sed -i "/^$SYSCONFIG_VAR/d" /etc/sysctl.conf

# Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
# adding any search characters to the config file.
stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter")

# shellcheck disable=SC2059
printf -v formatted_output "%s = %s" "$stripped_key" "$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter_value"

# If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
# We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
# so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter\\>" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"; then
    escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
    LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
else
    if [[ -s "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" || true)" ]]; then
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    fi
    cce="CCE-91219-6"
    printf '# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "${cce}" "${formatted_output}" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

- name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
  find:
    paths:
    - /run/sysctl.d/
    - /etc/sysctl.d/
    - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
    - /lib/sysctl.d/
    contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter.*$
    patterns: '*.conf'
    file_type: any
  register: find_sysctl_d
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91219-6
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter from config
    files
  replace:
    path: '{{ item.path }}'
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter
    replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter'
  loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91219-6
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter from /etc/sysctl.conf
  replace:
    path: /etc/sysctl.conf
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter
    replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91219-6
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter_value: !!str 1
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter
    value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter_value }}'
    sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter.conf
    state: present
    reload: true
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91219-6
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter

Rule Configure Kernel Parameter for Accepting Secure Redirects By Default [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects=0

To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:

net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 0

Rationale:

Accepting "secure" ICMP redirects (from those gateways listed as default gateways) has few legitimate uses. It should be disabled unless it is absolutely required.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects

Identifiers:

CCE-91221-2

References:

cis-csc	1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
cobit5	APO01.06, APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS01.05, DSS03.01, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.02, DSS06.06
cui	3.1.20
disa	CCI-001551
isa-62443-2009	4.2.3.4, 4.3.3.4, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3, 4.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.12.1.1, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.2, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.2, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cip	CIP-007-3 R4, CIP-007-3 R4.1, CIP-007-3 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1
nist	CM-7(a), CM-7(b), SC-5, SC-7(a)
nist-csf	DE.AE-1, DE.CM-1, ID.AM-3, PR.AC-5, PR.DS-4, PR.DS-5, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
cis	3.3.2
anssi	R12

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

# Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects from /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files

for f in /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf; do


  # skip systemd-sysctl symlink (/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf -> /etc/sysctl.conf)
  if [[ "$(readlink -f "$f")" == "/etc/sysctl.conf" ]]; then continue; fi

  matching_list=$(grep -P '^(?!#).*[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects.*$' $f | uniq )
  if ! test -z "$matching_list"; then
    while IFS= read -r entry; do
      escaped_entry=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$entry")
      # comment out "net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects" matches to preserve user data
      sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^${escaped_entry}$/# &/g" $f
    done <<< "$matching_list"
  fi
done

#
# Set sysctl config file which to save the desired value
#

SYSCONFIG_FILE='/etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects.conf'

sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects_value='0'


#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects="$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects_value"

#
# If net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#

sed -i "/^$SYSCONFIG_VAR/d" /etc/sysctl.conf

# Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
# adding any search characters to the config file.
stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects")

# shellcheck disable=SC2059
printf -v formatted_output "%s = %s" "$stripped_key" "$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects_value"

# If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
# We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
# so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects\\>" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"; then
    escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
    LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
else
    if [[ -s "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" || true)" ]]; then
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    fi
    cce="CCE-91221-2"
    printf '# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "${cce}" "${formatted_output}" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

- name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
  find:
    paths:
    - /run/sysctl.d/
    - /etc/sysctl.d/
    - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
    - /lib/sysctl.d/
    contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects.*$
    patterns: '*.conf'
    file_type: any
  register: find_sysctl_d
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91221-2
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects from
    config files
  replace:
    path: '{{ item.path }}'
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects
    replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects'
  loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91221-2
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects from
    /etc/sysctl.conf
  replace:
    path: /etc/sysctl.conf
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects
    replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91221-2
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects_value: !!str 0
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects
    value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects_value }}'
    sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects.conf
    state: present
    reload: true
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91221-2
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects

Rule Enable Kernel Parameter to Ignore ICMP Broadcast Echo Requests on IPv4 Interfaces [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts=1

To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:

net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1

Rationale:

Responding to broadcast (ICMP) echoes facilitates network mapping and provides a vector for amplification attacks.
Ignoring ICMP echo requests (pings) sent to broadcast or multicast addresses makes the system slightly more difficult to enumerate on the network.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts

Identifiers:

CCE-91243-6

References:

cis-csc	1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
cjis	5.10.1.1
cobit5	APO01.06, APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS01.05, DSS03.01, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.02, DSS06.06
cui	3.1.20
disa	CCI-000366
isa-62443-2009	4.2.3.4, 4.3.3.4, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3, 4.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.12.1.1, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.2, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.2, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cip	CIP-007-3 R4, CIP-007-3 R4.1, CIP-007-3 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1
nist	CM-7(a), CM-7(b), SC-5
nist-csf	DE.AE-1, DE.CM-1, ID.AM-3, PR.AC-5, PR.DS-4, PR.DS-5, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4
pcidss	Req-1.4.3
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
cis	3.3.5
pcidss4	1.4.2, 1.4

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

# Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts from /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files

for f in /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf; do


  # skip systemd-sysctl symlink (/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf -> /etc/sysctl.conf)
  if [[ "$(readlink -f "$f")" == "/etc/sysctl.conf" ]]; then continue; fi

  matching_list=$(grep -P '^(?!#).*[\s]*net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts.*$' $f | uniq )
  if ! test -z "$matching_list"; then
    while IFS= read -r entry; do
      escaped_entry=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$entry")
      # comment out "net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts" matches to preserve user data
      sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^${escaped_entry}$/# &/g" $f
    done <<< "$matching_list"
  fi
done

#
# Set sysctl config file which to save the desired value
#

SYSCONFIG_FILE='/etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts.conf'

sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts_value='1'


#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts="$sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts_value"

#
# If net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#

sed -i "/^$SYSCONFIG_VAR/d" /etc/sysctl.conf

# Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
# adding any search characters to the config file.
stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts")

# shellcheck disable=SC2059
printf -v formatted_output "%s = %s" "$stripped_key" "$sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts_value"

# If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
# We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
# so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts\\>" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"; then
    escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
    LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
else
    if [[ -s "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" || true)" ]]; then
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    fi
    cce="CCE-91243-6"
    printf '# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "${cce}" "${formatted_output}" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

- name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
  find:
    paths:
    - /run/sysctl.d/
    - /etc/sysctl.d/
    - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
    - /lib/sysctl.d/
    contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts.*$
    patterns: '*.conf'
    file_type: any
  register: find_sysctl_d
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91243-6
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.2
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts from config
    files
  replace:
    path: '{{ item.path }}'
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts
    replace: '#net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts'
  loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91243-6
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.2
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts from /etc/sysctl.conf
  replace:
    path: /etc/sysctl.conf
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts
    replace: '#net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91243-6
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.2
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts_value: !!str 1
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts
    value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts_value }}'
    sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts.conf
    state: present
    reload: true
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91243-6
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.2
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts

Rule Enable Kernel Parameter to Ignore Bogus ICMP Error Responses on IPv4 Interfaces [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses=1

To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:

net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1

Rationale:

Ignoring bogus ICMP error responses reduces log size, although some activity would not be logged.

Severity:

unknown

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses

Identifiers:

CCE-91224-6

References:

cis-csc	1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9
cobit5	APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.06
cui	3.1.20
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.9.1.2
nerc-cip	CIP-007-3 R4, CIP-007-3 R4.1, CIP-007-3 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1
nist	CM-7(a), CM-7(b), SC-5
nist-csf	DE.CM-1, PR.DS-4, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3
pcidss	Req-1.4.3
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
cis	3.3.6
anssi	R12
pcidss4	1.4.2, 1.4

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

# Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses from /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files

for f in /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf; do


  # skip systemd-sysctl symlink (/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf -> /etc/sysctl.conf)
  if [[ "$(readlink -f "$f")" == "/etc/sysctl.conf" ]]; then continue; fi

  matching_list=$(grep -P '^(?!#).*[\s]*net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses.*$' $f | uniq )
  if ! test -z "$matching_list"; then
    while IFS= read -r entry; do
      escaped_entry=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$entry")
      # comment out "net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses" matches to preserve user data
      sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^${escaped_entry}$/# &/g" $f
    done <<< "$matching_list"
  fi
done

#
# Set sysctl config file which to save the desired value
#

SYSCONFIG_FILE='/etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses.conf'

sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses_value='1'


#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses="$sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses_value"

#
# If net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#

sed -i "/^$SYSCONFIG_VAR/d" /etc/sysctl.conf

# Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
# adding any search characters to the config file.
stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses")

# shellcheck disable=SC2059
printf -v formatted_output "%s = %s" "$stripped_key" "$sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses_value"

# If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
# We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
# so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses\\>" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"; then
    escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
    LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
else
    if [[ -s "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" || true)" ]]; then
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    fi
    cce="CCE-91224-6"
    printf '# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "${cce}" "${formatted_output}" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

- name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
  find:
    paths:
    - /run/sysctl.d/
    - /etc/sysctl.d/
    - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
    - /lib/sysctl.d/
    contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses.*$
    patterns: '*.conf'
    file_type: any
  register: find_sysctl_d
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91224-6
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.2
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses
  - unknown_severity

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses
    from config files
  replace:
    path: '{{ item.path }}'
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses
    replace: '#net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses'
  loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91224-6
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.2
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses
  - unknown_severity

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses
    from /etc/sysctl.conf
  replace:
    path: /etc/sysctl.conf
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses
    replace: '#net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91224-6
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.2
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses
  - unknown_severity
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses_value: !!str 1
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses
    value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses_value }}'
    sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses.conf
    state: present
    reload: true
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91224-6
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.2
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses
  - unknown_severity

Rule Configure Kernel to Rate Limit Sending of Duplicate TCP Acknowledgments [ref]

Make sure that the system is configured to limit the maximal rate for sending duplicate acknowledgments in response to incoming TCP packets that are for an existing connection but that are invalid due to any of these reasons: (a) out-of-window sequence number, (b) out-of-window acknowledgment number, or (c) PAWS (Protection Against Wrapped Sequence numbers) check failure This measure protects against or limits effects of DoS attacks against the system. Set the system to implement rate-limiting measures by adding the following line to /etc/sysctl.conf or a configuration file in the /etc/sysctl.d/ directory (or modify the line to have the required value):

net.ipv4.tcp_invalid_ratelimit = 500

Issue the following command to make the changes take effect:

# sysctl --system

Rationale:

Denial of Service (DoS) is a condition when a resource is not available for legitimate users. When this occurs, the organization either cannot accomplish its mission or must operate at degraded capacity.

This can help mitigate simple “ack loop” DoS attacks, wherein a buggy or malicious middlebox or man-in-the-middle can rewrite TCP header fields in manner that causes each endpoint to think that the other is sending invalid TCP segments, thus causing each side to send an unterminating stream of duplicate acknowledgments for invalid segments.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_invalid_ratelimit

References:

disa	CCI-002385
nerc-cip	CIP-007-3 R4, CIP-007-3 R4.1, CIP-007-3 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1
nist	SC-5
os-srg	SRG-OS-000420-GPOS-00186

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

# Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.tcp_invalid_ratelimit from /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files

for f in /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf; do


  # skip systemd-sysctl symlink (/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf -> /etc/sysctl.conf)
  if [[ "$(readlink -f "$f")" == "/etc/sysctl.conf" ]]; then continue; fi

  matching_list=$(grep -P '^(?!#).*[\s]*net.ipv4.tcp_invalid_ratelimit.*$' $f | uniq )
  if ! test -z "$matching_list"; then
    while IFS= read -r entry; do
      escaped_entry=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$entry")
      # comment out "net.ipv4.tcp_invalid_ratelimit" matches to preserve user data
      sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^${escaped_entry}$/# &/g" $f
    done <<< "$matching_list"
  fi
done

#
# Set sysctl config file which to save the desired value
#

SYSCONFIG_FILE='/etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_tcp_invalid_ratelimit.conf'

sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_invalid_ratelimit_value='500'


#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.tcp_invalid_ratelimit
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.tcp_invalid_ratelimit="$sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_invalid_ratelimit_value"

#
# If net.ipv4.tcp_invalid_ratelimit present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv4.tcp_invalid_ratelimit = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#

sed -i "/^$SYSCONFIG_VAR/d" /etc/sysctl.conf

# Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
# adding any search characters to the config file.
stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^net.ipv4.tcp_invalid_ratelimit")

# shellcheck disable=SC2059
printf -v formatted_output "%s = %s" "$stripped_key" "$sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_invalid_ratelimit_value"

# If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
# We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
# so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^net.ipv4.tcp_invalid_ratelimit\\>" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"; then
    escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
    LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^net.ipv4.tcp_invalid_ratelimit\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
else
    if [[ -s "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" || true)" ]]; then
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    fi
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

- name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
  find:
    paths:
    - /run/sysctl.d/
    - /etc/sysctl.d/
    - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
    - /lib/sysctl.d/
    contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.tcp_invalid_ratelimit.*$
    patterns: '*.conf'
    file_type: any
  register: find_sysctl_d
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_invalid_ratelimit

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.tcp_invalid_ratelimit from config
    files
  replace:
    path: '{{ item.path }}'
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.tcp_invalid_ratelimit
    replace: '#net.ipv4.tcp_invalid_ratelimit'
  loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_invalid_ratelimit

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.tcp_invalid_ratelimit from /etc/sysctl.conf
  replace:
    path: /etc/sysctl.conf
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.tcp_invalid_ratelimit
    replace: '#net.ipv4.tcp_invalid_ratelimit'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_invalid_ratelimit
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_invalid_ratelimit_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_invalid_ratelimit_value: !!str 500
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_invalid_ratelimit is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.tcp_invalid_ratelimit
    value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_invalid_ratelimit_value }}'
    sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_tcp_invalid_ratelimit.conf
    state: present
    reload: true
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_invalid_ratelimit

Rule Enable Kernel Parameter to Use TCP Syncookies on Network Interfaces [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1

To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

Rationale:

A TCP SYN flood attack can cause a denial of service by filling a system's TCP connection table with connections in the SYN_RCVD state. Syncookies can be used to track a connection when a subsequent ACK is received, verifying the initiator is attempting a valid connection and is not a flood source. This feature is activated when a flood condition is detected, and enables the system to continue servicing valid connection requests.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies

Identifiers:

CCE-83283-2

References:

cis-csc	1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
cjis	5.10.1.1
cobit5	APO01.06, APO13.01, BAI04.04, DSS01.03, DSS01.05, DSS03.01, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
cui	3.1.20
disa	CCI-000366, CCI-001095
isa-62443-2009	4.2.3.4, 4.3.3.4, 4.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.12.1.1, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.2, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.2, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.17.2.1, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nist	CM-7(a), CM-7(b), SC-5(1), SC-5(2), SC-5(3)(a), CM-6(a)
nist-csf	DE.AE-1, DE.CM-1, ID.AM-3, PR.AC-5, PR.DS-4, PR.DS-5, PR.PT-4
pcidss	Req-1.4.1
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227, SRG-OS-000420-GPOS-00186, SRG-OS-000142-GPOS-00071
stigid	SLES-15-010310
cis	3.3.8
anssi	R12
pcidss4	1.4.3, 1.4
stigref	SV-234829r958528_rule

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

# Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies from /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files

for f in /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf; do


  # skip systemd-sysctl symlink (/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf -> /etc/sysctl.conf)
  if [[ "$(readlink -f "$f")" == "/etc/sysctl.conf" ]]; then continue; fi

  matching_list=$(grep -P '^(?!#).*[\s]*net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies.*$' $f | uniq )
  if ! test -z "$matching_list"; then
    while IFS= read -r entry; do
      escaped_entry=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$entry")
      # comment out "net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies" matches to preserve user data
      sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^${escaped_entry}$/# &/g" $f
    done <<< "$matching_list"
  fi
done

#
# Set sysctl config file which to save the desired value
#

SYSCONFIG_FILE='/etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies.conf'

sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies_value='1'


#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies="$sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies_value"

#
# If net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#

sed -i "/^$SYSCONFIG_VAR/d" /etc/sysctl.conf

# Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
# adding any search characters to the config file.
stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies")

# shellcheck disable=SC2059
printf -v formatted_output "%s = %s" "$stripped_key" "$sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies_value"

# If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
# We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
# so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies\\>" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"; then
    escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
    LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
else
    if [[ -s "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" || true)" ]]; then
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    fi
    cce="CCE-83283-2"
    printf '# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "${cce}" "${formatted_output}" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

- name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
  find:
    paths:
    - /run/sysctl.d/
    - /etc/sysctl.d/
    - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
    - /lib/sysctl.d/
    contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies.*$
    patterns: '*.conf'
    file_type: any
  register: find_sysctl_d
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-83283-2
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-010310
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5(1)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5(2)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.1
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies from config files
  replace:
    path: '{{ item.path }}'
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies
    replace: '#net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies'
  loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-83283-2
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-010310
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5(1)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5(2)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.1
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies from /etc/sysctl.conf
  replace:
    path: /etc/sysctl.conf
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies
    replace: '#net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-83283-2
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-010310
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5(1)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5(2)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.1
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies_value: !!str 1
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies
    value: '{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies_value }}'
    sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies.conf
    state: present
    reload: true
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-83283-2
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-010310
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5(1)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5(2)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.4.1
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies

Group Network Parameters for Hosts Only Group contains 3 rules

[ref] If the system is not going to be used as a router, then setting certain kernel parameters ensure that the host will not perform routing of network traffic.

Rule Disable Kernel Parameter for Sending ICMP Redirects on all IPv4 Interfaces [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0

To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:

net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0

Rationale:

ICMP redirect messages are used by routers to inform hosts that a more direct route exists for a particular destination. These messages contain information from the system's route table possibly revealing portions of the network topology.
The ability to send ICMP redirects is only appropriate for systems acting as routers.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_send_redirects

Identifiers:

CCE-85655-9

References:

cis-csc	1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
cjis	5.10.1.1
cobit5	APO01.06, APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS01.05, DSS03.01, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.02, DSS06.06
cui	3.1.20
disa	CCI-000366
isa-62443-2009	4.2.3.4, 4.3.3.4, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3, 4.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.12.1.1, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.2, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.2, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cip	CIP-007-3 R4, CIP-007-3 R4.1, CIP-007-3 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1
nist	CM-7(a), CM-7(b), SC-5, CM-6(a), SC-7(a)
nist-csf	DE.AE-1, DE.CM-1, ID.AM-3, PR.AC-5, PR.DS-4, PR.DS-5, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
stigid	SLES-15-040370
cis	3.2.2
anssi	R12
pcidss4	1.4.5, 1.4
stigref	SV-235023r991589_rule

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

# Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects from /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files

for f in /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf; do


  # skip systemd-sysctl symlink (/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf -> /etc/sysctl.conf)
  if [[ "$(readlink -f "$f")" == "/etc/sysctl.conf" ]]; then continue; fi

  matching_list=$(grep -P '^(?!#).*[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects.*$' $f | uniq )
  if ! test -z "$matching_list"; then
    while IFS= read -r entry; do
      escaped_entry=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$entry")
      # comment out "net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects" matches to preserve user data
      sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^${escaped_entry}$/# &/g" $f
    done <<< "$matching_list"
  fi
done

#
# Set sysctl config file which to save the desired value
#

SYSCONFIG_FILE='/etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_conf_all_send_redirects.conf'


#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects="0"

#
# If net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to "0"
#	else, add "net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#

sed -i "/^$SYSCONFIG_VAR/d" /etc/sysctl.conf

# Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
# adding any search characters to the config file.
stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects")

# shellcheck disable=SC2059
printf -v formatted_output "%s = %s" "$stripped_key" "0"

# If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
# We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
# so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects\\>" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"; then
    escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
    LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
else
    if [[ -s "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" || true)" ]]; then
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    fi
    cce="CCE-85655-9"
    printf '# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "${cce}" "${formatted_output}" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

- name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
  find:
    paths:
    - /run/sysctl.d/
    - /etc/sysctl.d/
    - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
    - /lib/sysctl.d/
    contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects.*$
    patterns: '*.conf'
    file_type: any
  register: find_sysctl_d
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85655-9
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040370
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.5
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_send_redirects

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects from config
    files
  replace:
    path: '{{ item.path }}'
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects
    replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects'
  loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85655-9
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040370
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.5
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_send_redirects

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects from /etc/sysctl.conf
  replace:
    path: /etc/sysctl.conf
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects
    replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85655-9
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040370
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.5
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_send_redirects

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects is set to 0
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects
    value: '0'
    sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_conf_all_send_redirects.conf
    state: present
    reload: true
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85655-9
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040370
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.5
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_send_redirects

Rule Disable Kernel Parameter for Sending ICMP Redirects on all IPv4 Interfaces by Default [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects=0

To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:

net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0

Rationale:

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_send_redirects

Identifiers:

CCE-85654-2

References:

cis-csc	1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9
cjis	5.10.1.1
cobit5	APO01.06, APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS01.05, DSS03.01, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.02, DSS06.06
cui	3.1.20
disa	CCI-000366
isa-62443-2009	4.2.3.4, 4.3.3.4, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3, 4.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.12.1.1, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.2, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.2, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cip	CIP-007-3 R4, CIP-007-3 R4.1, CIP-007-3 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1
nist	CM-7(a), CM-7(b), SC-5, CM-6(a), SC-7(a)
nist-csf	DE.AE-1, DE.CM-1, ID.AM-3, PR.AC-5, PR.DS-4, PR.DS-5, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
stigid	SLES-15-040360
cis	3.2.2
anssi	R12
pcidss4	1.4.5, 1.4
stigref	SV-235022r991589_rule

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

# Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects from /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files

for f in /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf; do


  # skip systemd-sysctl symlink (/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf -> /etc/sysctl.conf)
  if [[ "$(readlink -f "$f")" == "/etc/sysctl.conf" ]]; then continue; fi

  matching_list=$(grep -P '^(?!#).*[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects.*$' $f | uniq )
  if ! test -z "$matching_list"; then
    while IFS= read -r entry; do
      escaped_entry=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$entry")
      # comment out "net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects" matches to preserve user data
      sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^${escaped_entry}$/# &/g" $f
    done <<< "$matching_list"
  fi
done

#
# Set sysctl config file which to save the desired value
#

SYSCONFIG_FILE='/etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_conf_default_send_redirects.conf'


#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects="0"

#
# If net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to "0"
#	else, add "net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#

sed -i "/^$SYSCONFIG_VAR/d" /etc/sysctl.conf

# Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
# adding any search characters to the config file.
stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects")

# shellcheck disable=SC2059
printf -v formatted_output "%s = %s" "$stripped_key" "0"

# If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
# We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
# so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects\\>" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"; then
    escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
    LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
else
    if [[ -s "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" || true)" ]]; then
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    fi
    cce="CCE-85654-2"
    printf '# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "${cce}" "${formatted_output}" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

- name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
  find:
    paths:
    - /run/sysctl.d/
    - /etc/sysctl.d/
    - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
    - /lib/sysctl.d/
    contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects.*$
    patterns: '*.conf'
    file_type: any
  register: find_sysctl_d
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85654-2
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040360
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.5
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_send_redirects

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects from config
    files
  replace:
    path: '{{ item.path }}'
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects
    replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects'
  loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85654-2
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040360
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.5
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_send_redirects

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects from /etc/sysctl.conf
  replace:
    path: /etc/sysctl.conf
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects
    replace: '#net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85654-2
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040360
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.5
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_send_redirects

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects is set to 0
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects
    value: '0'
    sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_conf_default_send_redirects.conf
    state: present
    reload: true
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85654-2
  - CJIS-5.10.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040360
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-5
  - NIST-800-53-SC-7(a)
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.5
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_send_redirects

Rule Disable Kernel Parameter for IP Forwarding on IPv4 Interfaces [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.ip_forward kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=0

To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

Warning: Certain technologies such as virtual machines, containers, etc. rely on IPv4 forwarding to enable and use networking. Disabling IPv4 forwarding would cause those technologies to stop working. Therefore, this rule should not be used in profiles or benchmarks that target usage of IPv4 forwarding.

Rationale:

Routing protocol daemons are typically used on routers to exchange network topology information with other routers. If this capability is used when not required, system network information may be unnecessarily transmitted across the network.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_ip_forward

Identifiers:

CCE-85709-4

References:

cis-csc	1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9
cobit5	APO13.01, BAI04.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.03, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.06
cui	3.1.20
disa	CCI-000366
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.2, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.12.1.2, A.12.1.3, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.2.1, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.17.2.1, A.9.1.2
nerc-cip	CIP-007-3 R4, CIP-007-3 R4.1, CIP-007-3 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1
nist	CM-6(b), CM-6.1(iv)
nist-csf	DE.CM-1, PR.DS-4, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4
pcidss	Req-1.3.1, Req-1.3.2
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
stigid	SLES-15-040380
cis	3.2.1
anssi	R12
pcidss4	1.4.3, 1.4
stigref	SV-235024r991589_rule

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

# Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.ip_forward from /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files

for f in /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf; do


  # skip systemd-sysctl symlink (/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf -> /etc/sysctl.conf)
  if [[ "$(readlink -f "$f")" == "/etc/sysctl.conf" ]]; then continue; fi

  matching_list=$(grep -P '^(?!#).*[\s]*net.ipv4.ip_forward.*$' $f | uniq )
  if ! test -z "$matching_list"; then
    while IFS= read -r entry; do
      escaped_entry=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$entry")
      # comment out "net.ipv4.ip_forward" matches to preserve user data
      sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^${escaped_entry}$/# &/g" $f
    done <<< "$matching_list"
  fi
done

#
# Set sysctl config file which to save the desired value
#

SYSCONFIG_FILE='/etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_ip_forward.conf'


#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.ip_forward
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.ip_forward="0"

#
# If net.ipv4.ip_forward present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to "0"
#	else, add "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#

sed -i "/^$SYSCONFIG_VAR/d" /etc/sysctl.conf

# Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
# adding any search characters to the config file.
stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^net.ipv4.ip_forward")

# shellcheck disable=SC2059
printf -v formatted_output "%s = %s" "$stripped_key" "0"

# If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
# We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
# so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^net.ipv4.ip_forward\\>" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"; then
    escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
    LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^net.ipv4.ip_forward\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
else
    if [[ -s "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" || true)" ]]; then
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    fi
    cce="CCE-85709-4"
    printf '# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "${cce}" "${formatted_output}" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

- name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
  find:
    paths:
    - /run/sysctl.d/
    - /etc/sysctl.d/
    - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
    - /lib/sysctl.d/
    contains: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.ip_forward.*$
    patterns: '*.conf'
    file_type: any
  register: find_sysctl_d
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85709-4
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040380
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(b)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6.1(iv)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.3.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.3.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_ip_forward

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.ip_forward from config files
  replace:
    path: '{{ item.path }}'
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.ip_forward
    replace: '#net.ipv4.ip_forward'
  loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85709-4
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040380
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(b)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6.1(iv)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.3.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.3.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_ip_forward

- name: Comment out any occurrences of net.ipv4.ip_forward from /etc/sysctl.conf
  replace:
    path: /etc/sysctl.conf
    regexp: ^[\s]*net.ipv4.ip_forward
    replace: '#net.ipv4.ip_forward'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85709-4
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040380
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(b)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6.1(iv)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.3.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.3.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_ip_forward

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward is set to 0
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.ip_forward
    value: '0'
    sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.d/net_ipv4_ip_forward.conf
    state: present
    reload: true
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85709-4
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040380
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.20
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(b)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6.1(iv)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.3.1
  - PCI-DSS-Req-1.3.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-1.4.3
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_net_ipv4_ip_forward

Group File Permissions and Masks Group contains 5 groups and 18 rules

[ref] Traditional Unix security relies heavily on file and directory permissions to prevent unauthorized users from reading or modifying files to which they should not have access.

Several of the commands in this section search filesystems for files or directories with certain characteristics, and are intended to be run on every local partition on a given system. When the variable PART appears in one of the commands below, it means that the command is intended to be run repeatedly, with the name of each local partition substituted for PART in turn.

The following command prints a list of all xfs partitions on the local system, which is the default filesystem for SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 installations:

$ mount -t xfs | awk '{print $3}'

For any systems that use a different local filesystem type, modify this command as appropriate.

Group Verify Permissions on Important Files and Directories Group contains 1 group and 15 rules

[ref] Permissions for many files on a system must be set restrictively to ensure sensitive information is properly protected. This section discusses important permission restrictions which can be verified to ensure that no harmful discrepancies have arisen.

Group Verify Permissions on Files with Local Account Information and Credentials Group contains 12 rules

[ref] The default restrictive permissions for files which act as important security databases such as passwd, shadow, group, and gshadow files must be maintained. Many utilities need read access to the passwd file in order to function properly, but read access to the shadow file allows malicious attacks against system passwords, and should never be enabled.

Rule Verify Group Who Owns group File [ref]

To properly set the group owner of /etc/group, run the command:

$ sudo chgrp root /etc/group

Rationale:

The /etc/group file contains information regarding groups that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is important for system security.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_etc_group

Identifiers:

CCE-85801-9

References:

cis-csc	12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cjis	5.5.2.2
cobit5	APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 2.1, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cip	CIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nist	CM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csf	PR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
pcidss	Req-8.7.c
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
cis	6.1.4
anssi	R50
pcidss4	2.2.6, 2.2

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

chgrp -L 0 /etc/group

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

- name: Test for existence /etc/group
  stat:
    path: /etc/group
  register: file_exists
  tags:
  - CCE-85801-9
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_groupowner_etc_group
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure group owner 0 on /etc/group
  file:
    path: /etc/group
    group: '0'
  when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
  tags:
  - CCE-85801-9
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_groupowner_etc_group
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Rule Verify Group Who Owns gshadow File [ref]

To properly set the group owner of /etc/gshadow, run the command:

$ sudo chgrp root /etc/gshadow

Rationale:

The /etc/gshadow file contains group password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_etc_gshadow

Identifiers:

CCE-91348-3

References:

cis-csc	12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cobit5	APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 2.1, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cip	CIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nist	CM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csf	PR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
cis	6.1.2
anssi	R50

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

chgrp -L 0 /etc/gshadow

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

- name: Test for existence /etc/gshadow
  stat:
    path: /etc/gshadow
  register: file_exists
  tags:
  - CCE-91348-3
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - configure_strategy
  - file_groupowner_etc_gshadow
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure group owner 0 on /etc/gshadow
  file:
    path: /etc/gshadow
    group: '0'
  when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
  tags:
  - CCE-91348-3
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - configure_strategy
  - file_groupowner_etc_gshadow
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Rule Verify Group Who Owns passwd File [ref]

To properly set the group owner of /etc/passwd, run the command:

$ sudo chgrp root /etc/passwd

Rationale:

The /etc/passwd file contains information about the users that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is critical for system security.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_etc_passwd

Identifiers:

CCE-85809-2

References:

cis-csc	12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cjis	5.5.2.2
cobit5	APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 2.1, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cip	CIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nist	CM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csf	PR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
pcidss	Req-8.7.c
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
cis	6.1.2
anssi	R50
pcidss4	2.2.6, 2.2

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

chgrp -L 0 /etc/passwd

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

- name: Test for existence /etc/passwd
  stat:
    path: /etc/passwd
  register: file_exists
  tags:
  - CCE-85809-2
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_groupowner_etc_passwd
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure group owner 0 on /etc/passwd
  file:
    path: /etc/passwd
    group: '0'
  when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
  tags:
  - CCE-85809-2
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_groupowner_etc_passwd
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Rule Verify Group Who Owns shadow File [ref]

To properly set the group owner of /etc/shadow, run the command:

$ sudo chgrp shadow /etc/shadow

Rationale:

The /etc/shadow file stores password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_etc_shadow

Identifiers:

CCE-85808-4

References:

cis-csc	12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cjis	5.5.2.2
cobit5	APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 2.1, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cip	CIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nist	CM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csf	PR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
pcidss	Req-8.7.c
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
cis	6.1.3
anssi	R50
pcidss4	2.2.6, 2.2

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

chgrp -L 15 /etc/shadow

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

- name: Test for existence /etc/shadow
  stat:
    path: /etc/shadow
  register: file_exists
  tags:
  - CCE-85808-4
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_groupowner_etc_shadow
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure group owner 15 on /etc/shadow
  file:
    path: /etc/shadow
    group: '15'
  when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
  tags:
  - CCE-85808-4
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_groupowner_etc_shadow
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Rule Verify User Who Owns group File [ref]

To properly set the owner of /etc/group, run the command:

$ sudo chown root /etc/group

Rationale:

The /etc/group file contains information regarding groups that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is important for system security.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_etc_group

Identifiers:

CCE-85802-7

References:

cis-csc	12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cjis	5.5.2.2
cobit5	APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
disa	CCI-002223
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 2.1, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cip	CIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nist	CM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csf	PR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
pcidss	Req-8.7.c
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
cis	6.1.4
anssi	R50
pcidss4	2.2.6, 2.2

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

chown -L 0 /etc/group

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

- name: Test for existence /etc/group
  stat:
    path: /etc/group
  register: file_exists
  tags:
  - CCE-85802-7
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_owner_etc_group
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure owner 0 on /etc/group
  file:
    path: /etc/group
    owner: '0'
  when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
  tags:
  - CCE-85802-7
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_owner_etc_group
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Rule Verify User Who Owns gshadow File [ref]

To properly set the owner of /etc/gshadow, run the command:

$ sudo chown root /etc/gshadow

Rationale:

The /etc/gshadow file contains group password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_etc_gshadow

Identifiers:

CCE-91230-3

References:

cis-csc	12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cobit5	APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
disa	CCI-002223
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 2.1, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cip	CIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nist	CM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csf	PR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
cis	6.1.2
anssi	R50

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

chown -L 0 /etc/gshadow

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

- name: Test for existence /etc/gshadow
  stat:
    path: /etc/gshadow
  register: file_exists
  tags:
  - CCE-91230-3
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - configure_strategy
  - file_owner_etc_gshadow
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure owner 0 on /etc/gshadow
  file:
    path: /etc/gshadow
    owner: '0'
  when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
  tags:
  - CCE-91230-3
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - configure_strategy
  - file_owner_etc_gshadow
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Rule Verify User Who Owns passwd File [ref]

To properly set the owner of /etc/passwd, run the command:

$ sudo chown root /etc/passwd

Rationale:

The /etc/passwd file contains information about the users that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is critical for system security.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_etc_passwd

Identifiers:

CCE-85806-8

References:

cis-csc	12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cjis	5.5.2.2
cobit5	APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
disa	CCI-002223
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 2.1, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cip	CIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nist	CM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csf	PR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
pcidss	Req-8.7.c
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
cis	6.1.2
anssi	R50
pcidss4	2.2.6, 2.2

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

chown -L 0 /etc/passwd

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

- name: Test for existence /etc/passwd
  stat:
    path: /etc/passwd
  register: file_exists
  tags:
  - CCE-85806-8
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_owner_etc_passwd
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure owner 0 on /etc/passwd
  file:
    path: /etc/passwd
    owner: '0'
  when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
  tags:
  - CCE-85806-8
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_owner_etc_passwd
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Rule Verify User Who Owns shadow File [ref]

To properly set the owner of /etc/shadow, run the command:

$ sudo chown root /etc/shadow

Rationale:

The /etc/shadow file contains the list of local system accounts and stores password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security. Failure to give ownership of this file to root provides the designated owner with access to sensitive information which could weaken the system security posture.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_etc_shadow

Identifiers:

CCE-85807-6

References:

cis-csc	12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cjis	5.5.2.2
cobit5	APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
disa	CCI-002223
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 2.1, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cip	CIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nist	CM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csf	PR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
pcidss	Req-8.7.c
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
cis	6.1.3
anssi	R50
pcidss4	2.2.6, 2.2

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

chown -L 0 /etc/shadow

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

- name: Test for existence /etc/shadow
  stat:
    path: /etc/shadow
  register: file_exists
  tags:
  - CCE-85807-6
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_owner_etc_shadow
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure owner 0 on /etc/shadow
  file:
    path: /etc/shadow
    owner: '0'
  when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
  tags:
  - CCE-85807-6
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_owner_etc_shadow
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Rule Verify Permissions on group File [ref]

To properly set the permissions of /etc/group, run the command:

$ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/group

Rationale:

The /etc/group file contains information regarding groups that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is important for system security.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_etc_group

Identifiers:

CCE-85803-5

References:

cis-csc	12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cjis	5.5.2.2
cobit5	APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
disa	CCI-002223
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 2.1, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cip	CIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nist	CM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csf	PR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
pcidss	Req-8.7.c
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
cis	6.1.4
anssi	R50
pcidss4	2.2.6, 2.2

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure






chmod u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt /etc/group

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

- name: Test for existence /etc/group
  stat:
    path: /etc/group
  register: file_exists
  tags:
  - CCE-85803-5
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_permissions_etc_group
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure permission u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt on /etc/group
  file:
    path: /etc/group
    mode: u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt
  when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
  tags:
  - CCE-85803-5
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_permissions_etc_group
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Rule Verify Permissions on gshadow File [ref]

To properly set the permissions of /etc/gshadow, run the command:

$ sudo chmod 0000 /etc/gshadow

Rationale:

The /etc/gshadow file contains group password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_etc_gshadow

Identifiers:

CCE-91231-1

References:

cis-csc	12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cobit5	APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
disa	CCI-002223
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 2.1, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cip	CIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nist	CM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csf	PR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
cis	6.1.2
anssi	R50

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure






chmod u-xwrs,g-xwrs,o-xwrt /etc/gshadow

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

- name: Test for existence /etc/gshadow
  stat:
    path: /etc/gshadow
  register: file_exists
  tags:
  - CCE-91231-1
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - configure_strategy
  - file_permissions_etc_gshadow
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure permission u-xwrs,g-xwrs,o-xwrt on /etc/gshadow
  file:
    path: /etc/gshadow
    mode: u-xwrs,g-xwrs,o-xwrt
  when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
  tags:
  - CCE-91231-1
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - configure_strategy
  - file_permissions_etc_gshadow
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Rule Verify Permissions on passwd File [ref]

To properly set the permissions of /etc/passwd, run the command:

$ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/passwd

Rationale:

If the /etc/passwd file is writable by a group-owner or the world the risk of its compromise is increased. The file contains the list of accounts on the system and associated information, and protection of this file is critical for system security.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_etc_passwd

Identifiers:

CCE-85805-0

References:

cis-csc	12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cjis	5.5.2.2
cobit5	APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
disa	CCI-002223
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 2.1, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cip	CIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nist	CM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csf	PR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
pcidss	Req-8.7.c
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
cis	6.1.2
anssi	R50
pcidss4	2.2.6, 2.2

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure






chmod u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt /etc/passwd

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

- name: Test for existence /etc/passwd
  stat:
    path: /etc/passwd
  register: file_exists
  tags:
  - CCE-85805-0
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_permissions_etc_passwd
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure permission u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt on /etc/passwd
  file:
    path: /etc/passwd
    mode: u-xs,g-xws,o-xwt
  when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
  tags:
  - CCE-85805-0
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_permissions_etc_passwd
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Rule Verify Permissions on shadow File [ref]

To properly set the permissions of /etc/shadow, run the command:

$ sudo chmod 0640 /etc/shadow

Rationale:

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_etc_shadow

Identifiers:

CCE-85804-3

References:

cis-csc	12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cjis	5.5.2.2
cobit5	APO01.06, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02
disa	CCI-002223
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.7.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 2.1, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cip	CIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nist	CM-6(a), AC-6(1)
nist-csf	PR.AC-4, PR.DS-5
pcidss	Req-8.7.c
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
cis	6.1.3
anssi	R50
pcidss4	2.2.6, 2.2

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure






chmod u-xs,g-xws,o-xwrt /etc/shadow

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

- name: Test for existence /etc/shadow
  stat:
    path: /etc/shadow
  register: file_exists
  tags:
  - CCE-85804-3
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_permissions_etc_shadow
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Ensure permission u-xs,g-xws,o-xwrt on /etc/shadow
  file:
    path: /etc/shadow
    mode: u-xs,g-xws,o-xwrt
  when: file_exists.stat is defined and file_exists.stat.exists
  tags:
  - CCE-85804-3
  - CJIS-5.5.2.2
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - configure_strategy
  - file_permissions_etc_shadow
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Rule Verify Permissions on System.map Files [ref]

The System.map files are symbol map files generated during the compilation of the Linux kernel. They contain the mapping between kernel symbols and their corresponding memory addresses. In general, there is no need for non-root users to read these files. To properly set the permissions of /boot/System.map*, run the command:

$ sudo chmod 0600 /boot/System.map*

Rationale:

The purpose of System.map files is primarily for debugging and profiling the kernel. Unrestricted access to these files might disclose information useful to attackers and malicious software leading to more sophisticated exploitation.

Severity:

low

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_systemmap

References:

anssi	R29

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure






find -H /boot/ -maxdepth 1 -perm /u+xs,g+xwrs,o+xwrt  -type f -regextype posix-extended -regex '^.*System\.map.*$' -exec chmod u-xs,g-xwrs,o-xwrt {} \;

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	configure

- name: Find /boot/ file(s)
  command: find -H /boot/ -maxdepth 1 -perm /u+xs,g+xwrs,o+xwrt  -type f -regextype
    posix-extended -regex "^.*System\.map.*$"
  register: files_found
  changed_when: false
  failed_when: false
  check_mode: false
  tags:
  - configure_strategy
  - file_permissions_systemmap
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - low_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

- name: Set permissions for /boot/ file(s)
  file:
    path: '{{ item }}'
    mode: u-xs,g-xwrs,o-xwrt
    state: file
  with_items:
  - '{{ files_found.stdout_lines }}'
  tags:
  - configure_strategy
  - file_permissions_systemmap
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - low_severity
  - no_reboot_needed

Rule Enable Kernel Parameter to Enforce DAC on Hardlinks [ref]

To set the runtime status of the fs.protected_hardlinks kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w fs.protected_hardlinks=1

To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:

fs.protected_hardlinks = 1

Rationale:

By enabling this kernel parameter, users can no longer create soft or hard links to files which they do not own. Disallowing such hardlinks mitigate vulnerabilities based on insecure file system accessed by privileged programs, avoiding an exploitation vector exploiting unsafe use of open() or creat().

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_fs_protected_hardlinks

Identifiers:

CCE-91252-7

References:

disa	CCI-002165
nerc-cip	CIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nist	CM-6(a), AC-6(1)
os-srg	SRG-OS-000312-GPOS-00122, SRG-OS-000312-GPOS-00123, SRG-OS-000324-GPOS-00125
anssi	R14

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

# Comment out any occurrences of fs.protected_hardlinks from /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files

for f in /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf; do


  # skip systemd-sysctl symlink (/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf -> /etc/sysctl.conf)
  if [[ "$(readlink -f "$f")" == "/etc/sysctl.conf" ]]; then continue; fi

  matching_list=$(grep -P '^(?!#).*[\s]*fs.protected_hardlinks.*$' $f | uniq )
  if ! test -z "$matching_list"; then
    while IFS= read -r entry; do
      escaped_entry=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$entry")
      # comment out "fs.protected_hardlinks" matches to preserve user data
      sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^${escaped_entry}$/# &/g" $f
    done <<< "$matching_list"
  fi
done

#
# Set sysctl config file which to save the desired value
#

SYSCONFIG_FILE='/etc/sysctl.d/fs_protected_hardlinks.conf'


#
# Set runtime for fs.protected_hardlinks
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w fs.protected_hardlinks="1"

#
# If fs.protected_hardlinks present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to "1"
#	else, add "fs.protected_hardlinks = 1" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#

sed -i "/^$SYSCONFIG_VAR/d" /etc/sysctl.conf

# Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
# adding any search characters to the config file.
stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^fs.protected_hardlinks")

# shellcheck disable=SC2059
printf -v formatted_output "%s = %s" "$stripped_key" "1"

# If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
# We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
# so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^fs.protected_hardlinks\\>" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"; then
    escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
    LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^fs.protected_hardlinks\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
else
    if [[ -s "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" || true)" ]]; then
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    fi
    cce="CCE-91252-7"
    printf '# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "${cce}" "${formatted_output}" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

- name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
  find:
    paths:
    - /run/sysctl.d/
    - /etc/sysctl.d/
    - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
    - /lib/sysctl.d/
    contains: ^[\s]*fs.protected_hardlinks.*$
    patterns: '*.conf'
    file_type: any
  register: find_sysctl_d
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91252-7
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_fs_protected_hardlinks

- name: Comment out any occurrences of fs.protected_hardlinks from config files
  replace:
    path: '{{ item.path }}'
    regexp: ^[\s]*fs.protected_hardlinks
    replace: '#fs.protected_hardlinks'
  loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91252-7
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_fs_protected_hardlinks

- name: Comment out any occurrences of fs.protected_hardlinks from /etc/sysctl.conf
  replace:
    path: /etc/sysctl.conf
    regexp: ^[\s]*fs.protected_hardlinks
    replace: '#fs.protected_hardlinks'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91252-7
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_fs_protected_hardlinks

- name: Ensure sysctl fs.protected_hardlinks is set to 1
  sysctl:
    name: fs.protected_hardlinks
    value: '1'
    sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.d/fs_protected_hardlinks.conf
    state: present
    reload: true
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91252-7
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_fs_protected_hardlinks

Rule Enable Kernel Parameter to Enforce DAC on Symlinks [ref]

To set the runtime status of the fs.protected_symlinks kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w fs.protected_symlinks=1

To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:

fs.protected_symlinks = 1

Rationale:

By enabling this kernel parameter, symbolic links are permitted to be followed only when outside a sticky world-writable directory, or when the UID of the link and follower match, or when the directory owner matches the symlink's owner. Disallowing such symlinks helps mitigate vulnerabilities based on insecure file system accessed by privileged programs, avoiding an exploitation vector exploiting unsafe use of open() or creat().

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_fs_protected_symlinks

Identifiers:

CCE-91253-5

References:

disa	CCI-002165
nerc-cip	CIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2
nist	CM-6(a), AC-6(1)
os-srg	SRG-OS-000312-GPOS-00122, SRG-OS-000312-GPOS-00123, SRG-OS-000324-GPOS-00125
anssi	R14

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

# Comment out any occurrences of fs.protected_symlinks from /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files

for f in /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf; do


  # skip systemd-sysctl symlink (/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf -> /etc/sysctl.conf)
  if [[ "$(readlink -f "$f")" == "/etc/sysctl.conf" ]]; then continue; fi

  matching_list=$(grep -P '^(?!#).*[\s]*fs.protected_symlinks.*$' $f | uniq )
  if ! test -z "$matching_list"; then
    while IFS= read -r entry; do
      escaped_entry=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$entry")
      # comment out "fs.protected_symlinks" matches to preserve user data
      sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^${escaped_entry}$/# &/g" $f
    done <<< "$matching_list"
  fi
done

#
# Set sysctl config file which to save the desired value
#

SYSCONFIG_FILE='/etc/sysctl.d/fs_protected_symlinks.conf'


#
# Set runtime for fs.protected_symlinks
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w fs.protected_symlinks="1"

#
# If fs.protected_symlinks present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to "1"
#	else, add "fs.protected_symlinks = 1" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#

sed -i "/^$SYSCONFIG_VAR/d" /etc/sysctl.conf

# Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
# adding any search characters to the config file.
stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^fs.protected_symlinks")

# shellcheck disable=SC2059
printf -v formatted_output "%s = %s" "$stripped_key" "1"

# If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
# We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
# so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^fs.protected_symlinks\\>" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"; then
    escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
    LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^fs.protected_symlinks\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
else
    if [[ -s "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" || true)" ]]; then
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    fi
    cce="CCE-91253-5"
    printf '# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "${cce}" "${formatted_output}" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

- name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
  find:
    paths:
    - /run/sysctl.d/
    - /etc/sysctl.d/
    - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
    - /lib/sysctl.d/
    contains: ^[\s]*fs.protected_symlinks.*$
    patterns: '*.conf'
    file_type: any
  register: find_sysctl_d
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91253-5
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_fs_protected_symlinks

- name: Comment out any occurrences of fs.protected_symlinks from config files
  replace:
    path: '{{ item.path }}'
    regexp: ^[\s]*fs.protected_symlinks
    replace: '#fs.protected_symlinks'
  loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91253-5
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_fs_protected_symlinks

- name: Comment out any occurrences of fs.protected_symlinks from /etc/sysctl.conf
  replace:
    path: /etc/sysctl.conf
    regexp: ^[\s]*fs.protected_symlinks
    replace: '#fs.protected_symlinks'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91253-5
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_fs_protected_symlinks

- name: Ensure sysctl fs.protected_symlinks is set to 1
  sysctl:
    name: fs.protected_symlinks
    value: '1'
    sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.d/fs_protected_symlinks.conf
    state: present
    reload: true
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91253-5
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(1)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_fs_protected_symlinks

Group Restrict Programs from Dangerous Execution Patterns Group contains 2 groups and 3 rules

[ref] The recommendations in this section are designed to ensure that the system's features to protect against potentially dangerous program execution are activated. These protections are applied at the system initialization or kernel level, and defend against certain types of badly-configured or compromised programs.

Group Disable Core Dumps Group contains 1 rule

[ref] A core dump file is the memory image of an executable program when it was terminated by the operating system due to errant behavior. In most cases, only software developers legitimately need to access these files. The core dump files may also contain sensitive information, or unnecessarily occupy large amounts of disk space.

Once a hard limit is set in /etc/security/limits.conf, or to a file within the /etc/security/limits.d/ directory, a user cannot increase that limit within his or her own session. If access to core dumps is required, consider restricting them to only certain users or groups. See the limits.conf man page for more information.

The core dumps of setuid programs are further protected. The sysctl variable fs.suid_dumpable controls whether the kernel allows core dumps from these programs at all. The default value of 0 is recommended.

Rule Disable Core Dumps for SUID programs [ref]

To set the runtime status of the fs.suid_dumpable kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w fs.suid_dumpable=0

To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:

fs.suid_dumpable = 0

Rationale:

The core dump of a setuid program is more likely to contain sensitive data, as the program itself runs with greater privileges than the user who initiated execution of the program. Disabling the ability for any setuid program to write a core file decreases the risk of unauthorized access of such data.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_fs_suid_dumpable

Identifiers:

CCE-91447-3

References:

hipaa	164.308(a)(1)(ii)(D), 164.308(a)(3), 164.308(a)(4), 164.310(b), 164.310(c), 164.312(a), 164.312(e)
nist	SI-11(a), SI-11(b)
cis	1.6.1
anssi	R14
pcidss4	3.3.1.1, 3.3.1, 3.3

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

# Comment out any occurrences of fs.suid_dumpable from /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files

for f in /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf; do


  # skip systemd-sysctl symlink (/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf -> /etc/sysctl.conf)
  if [[ "$(readlink -f "$f")" == "/etc/sysctl.conf" ]]; then continue; fi

  matching_list=$(grep -P '^(?!#).*[\s]*fs.suid_dumpable.*$' $f | uniq )
  if ! test -z "$matching_list"; then
    while IFS= read -r entry; do
      escaped_entry=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$entry")
      # comment out "fs.suid_dumpable" matches to preserve user data
      sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^${escaped_entry}$/# &/g" $f
    done <<< "$matching_list"
  fi
done

#
# Set sysctl config file which to save the desired value
#

SYSCONFIG_FILE='/etc/sysctl.d/fs_suid_dumpable.conf'


#
# Set runtime for fs.suid_dumpable
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w fs.suid_dumpable="0"

#
# If fs.suid_dumpable present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to "0"
#	else, add "fs.suid_dumpable = 0" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#

sed -i "/^$SYSCONFIG_VAR/d" /etc/sysctl.conf

# Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
# adding any search characters to the config file.
stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^fs.suid_dumpable")

# shellcheck disable=SC2059
printf -v formatted_output "%s = %s" "$stripped_key" "0"

# If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
# We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
# so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^fs.suid_dumpable\\>" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"; then
    escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
    LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^fs.suid_dumpable\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
else
    if [[ -s "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" || true)" ]]; then
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    fi
    cce="CCE-91447-3"
    printf '# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "${cce}" "${formatted_output}" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

- name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
  find:
    paths:
    - /run/sysctl.d/
    - /etc/sysctl.d/
    - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
    - /lib/sysctl.d/
    contains: ^[\s]*fs.suid_dumpable.*$
    patterns: '*.conf'
    file_type: any
  register: find_sysctl_d
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91447-3
  - NIST-800-53-SI-11(a)
  - NIST-800-53-SI-11(b)
  - PCI-DSSv4-3.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-3.3.1
  - PCI-DSSv4-3.3.1.1
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_fs_suid_dumpable

- name: Comment out any occurrences of fs.suid_dumpable from config files
  replace:
    path: '{{ item.path }}'
    regexp: ^[\s]*fs.suid_dumpable
    replace: '#fs.suid_dumpable'
  loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91447-3
  - NIST-800-53-SI-11(a)
  - NIST-800-53-SI-11(b)
  - PCI-DSSv4-3.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-3.3.1
  - PCI-DSSv4-3.3.1.1
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_fs_suid_dumpable

- name: Comment out any occurrences of fs.suid_dumpable from /etc/sysctl.conf
  replace:
    path: /etc/sysctl.conf
    regexp: ^[\s]*fs.suid_dumpable
    replace: '#fs.suid_dumpable'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91447-3
  - NIST-800-53-SI-11(a)
  - NIST-800-53-SI-11(b)
  - PCI-DSSv4-3.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-3.3.1
  - PCI-DSSv4-3.3.1.1
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_fs_suid_dumpable

- name: Ensure sysctl fs.suid_dumpable is set to 0
  sysctl:
    name: fs.suid_dumpable
    value: '0'
    sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.d/fs_suid_dumpable.conf
    state: present
    reload: true
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91447-3
  - NIST-800-53-SI-11(a)
  - NIST-800-53-SI-11(b)
  - PCI-DSSv4-3.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-3.3.1
  - PCI-DSSv4-3.3.1.1
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_fs_suid_dumpable

Group Enable ExecShield Group contains 1 rule

[ref] ExecShield describes kernel features that provide protection against exploitation of memory corruption errors such as buffer overflows. These features include random placement of the stack and other memory regions, prevention of execution in memory that should only hold data, and special handling of text buffers. These protections are enabled by default on 32-bit systems and controlled through sysctl variables kernel.exec-shield and kernel.randomize_va_space. On the latest 64-bit systems, kernel.exec-shield cannot be enabled or disabled with sysctl.

Rule Enable Randomized Layout of Virtual Address Space [ref]

To set the runtime status of the kernel.randomize_va_space kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w kernel.randomize_va_space=2

To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:

kernel.randomize_va_space = 2

Rationale:

Address space layout randomization (ASLR) makes it more difficult for an attacker to predict the location of attack code they have introduced into a process's address space during an attempt at exploitation. Additionally, ASLR makes it more difficult for an attacker to know the location of existing code in order to re-purpose it using return oriented programming (ROP) techniques.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_kernel_randomize_va_space

Identifiers:

CCE-83300-4

References:

cui	3.1.7
disa	CCI-000366, CCI-002824
hipaa	164.308(a)(1)(ii)(D), 164.308(a)(3), 164.308(a)(4), 164.310(b), 164.310(c), 164.312(a), 164.312(e)
nerc-cip	CIP-002-5 R1.1, CIP-002-5 R1.2, CIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 4.1, CIP-004-6 4.2, CIP-004-6 R2.2.3, CIP-004-6 R2.2.4, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-004-6 R4, CIP-005-6 R1, CIP-005-6 R1.1, CIP-005-6 R1.2, CIP-007-3 R3, CIP-007-3 R3.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1.3, CIP-007-3 R5.2.1, CIP-007-3 R5.2.3, CIP-007-3 R8.4, CIP-009-6 R.1.1, CIP-009-6 R4
nist	SC-30, SC-30(2), CM-6(a)
pcidss	Req-2.2.1
os-srg	SRG-OS-000433-GPOS-00193, SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
app-srg-ctr	SRG-APP-000450-CTR-001105
stigid	SLES-15-010550
cis	1.6.3
anssi	R9
pcidss4	3.3.1.1, 3.3.1, 3.3
stigref	SV-234862r958928_rule

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

# Comment out any occurrences of kernel.randomize_va_space from /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files

for f in /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf; do


  # skip systemd-sysctl symlink (/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf -> /etc/sysctl.conf)
  if [[ "$(readlink -f "$f")" == "/etc/sysctl.conf" ]]; then continue; fi

  matching_list=$(grep -P '^(?!#).*[\s]*kernel.randomize_va_space.*$' $f | uniq )
  if ! test -z "$matching_list"; then
    while IFS= read -r entry; do
      escaped_entry=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$entry")
      # comment out "kernel.randomize_va_space" matches to preserve user data
      sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^${escaped_entry}$/# &/g" $f
    done <<< "$matching_list"
  fi
done

#
# Set sysctl config file which to save the desired value
#

SYSCONFIG_FILE='/etc/sysctl.d/kernel_randomize_va_space.conf'


#
# Set runtime for kernel.randomize_va_space
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w kernel.randomize_va_space="2"

#
# If kernel.randomize_va_space present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to "2"
#	else, add "kernel.randomize_va_space = 2" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#

sed -i "/^$SYSCONFIG_VAR/d" /etc/sysctl.conf

# Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
# adding any search characters to the config file.
stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^kernel.randomize_va_space")

# shellcheck disable=SC2059
printf -v formatted_output "%s = %s" "$stripped_key" "2"

# If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
# We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
# so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^kernel.randomize_va_space\\>" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"; then
    escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
    LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^kernel.randomize_va_space\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
else
    if [[ -s "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" || true)" ]]; then
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    fi
    cce="CCE-83300-4"
    printf '# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "${cce}" "${formatted_output}" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

- name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
  find:
    paths:
    - /run/sysctl.d/
    - /etc/sysctl.d/
    - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
    - /lib/sysctl.d/
    contains: ^[\s]*kernel.randomize_va_space.*$
    patterns: '*.conf'
    file_type: any
  register: find_sysctl_d
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-83300-4
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-010550
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.7
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-30
  - NIST-800-53-SC-30(2)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-2.2.1
  - PCI-DSSv4-3.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-3.3.1
  - PCI-DSSv4-3.3.1.1
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_kernel_randomize_va_space

- name: Comment out any occurrences of kernel.randomize_va_space from config files
  replace:
    path: '{{ item.path }}'
    regexp: ^[\s]*kernel.randomize_va_space
    replace: '#kernel.randomize_va_space'
  loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-83300-4
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-010550
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.7
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-30
  - NIST-800-53-SC-30(2)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-2.2.1
  - PCI-DSSv4-3.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-3.3.1
  - PCI-DSSv4-3.3.1.1
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_kernel_randomize_va_space

- name: Comment out any occurrences of kernel.randomize_va_space from /etc/sysctl.conf
  replace:
    path: /etc/sysctl.conf
    regexp: ^[\s]*kernel.randomize_va_space
    replace: '#kernel.randomize_va_space'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-83300-4
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-010550
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.7
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-30
  - NIST-800-53-SC-30(2)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-2.2.1
  - PCI-DSSv4-3.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-3.3.1
  - PCI-DSSv4-3.3.1.1
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_kernel_randomize_va_space

- name: Ensure sysctl kernel.randomize_va_space is set to 2
  sysctl:
    name: kernel.randomize_va_space
    value: '2'
    sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.d/kernel_randomize_va_space.conf
    state: present
    reload: true
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-83300-4
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-010550
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.7
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-30
  - NIST-800-53-SC-30(2)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-2.2.1
  - PCI-DSSv4-3.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-3.3.1
  - PCI-DSSv4-3.3.1.1
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - medium_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_kernel_randomize_va_space

Rule Restrict Access to Kernel Message Buffer [ref]

To set the runtime status of the kernel.dmesg_restrict kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w kernel.dmesg_restrict=1

To make sure that the setting is persistent, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d:

kernel.dmesg_restrict = 1

Rationale:

Unprivileged access to the kernel syslog can expose sensitive kernel address information.

Severity:

low

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_kernel_dmesg_restrict

Identifiers:

CCE-91448-1

References:

cui	3.1.5
disa	CCI-001090, CCI-001314
hipaa	164.308(a)(1)(ii)(D), 164.308(a)(3), 164.308(a)(4), 164.310(b), 164.310(c), 164.312(a), 164.312(e)
nist	SI-11(a), SI-11(b)
os-srg	SRG-OS-000132-GPOS-00067, SRG-OS-000138-GPOS-00069
app-srg-ctr	SRG-APP-000243-CTR-000600
stigid	SLES-15-010375
anssi	R9
stigref	SV-255921r958524_rule

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

# Comment out any occurrences of kernel.dmesg_restrict from /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files

for f in /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf /run/sysctl.d/*.conf /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf; do


  # skip systemd-sysctl symlink (/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf -> /etc/sysctl.conf)
  if [[ "$(readlink -f "$f")" == "/etc/sysctl.conf" ]]; then continue; fi

  matching_list=$(grep -P '^(?!#).*[\s]*kernel.dmesg_restrict.*$' $f | uniq )
  if ! test -z "$matching_list"; then
    while IFS= read -r entry; do
      escaped_entry=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$entry")
      # comment out "kernel.dmesg_restrict" matches to preserve user data
      sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^${escaped_entry}$/# &/g" $f
    done <<< "$matching_list"
  fi
done

#
# Set sysctl config file which to save the desired value
#

SYSCONFIG_FILE='/etc/sysctl.d/kernel_dmesg_restrict.conf'


#
# Set runtime for kernel.dmesg_restrict
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w kernel.dmesg_restrict="1"

#
# If kernel.dmesg_restrict present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to "1"
#	else, add "kernel.dmesg_restrict = 1" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#

sed -i "/^$SYSCONFIG_VAR/d" /etc/sysctl.conf

# Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
# adding any search characters to the config file.
stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "^kernel.dmesg_restrict")

# shellcheck disable=SC2059
printf -v formatted_output "%s = %s" "$stripped_key" "1"

# If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
# We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
# so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
if LC_ALL=C grep -q -m 1 -i -e "^kernel.dmesg_restrict\\>" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"; then
    escaped_formatted_output=$(sed -e 's|/|\\/|g' <<< "$formatted_output")
    LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/^kernel.dmesg_restrict\\>.*/$escaped_formatted_output/gi" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
else
    if [[ -s "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" ]] && [[ -n "$(tail -c 1 -- "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" || true)" ]]; then
        LC_ALL=C sed -i --follow-symlinks '$a'\\ "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    fi
    cce="CCE-91448-1"
    printf '# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "${cce}" "${formatted_output}" "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "${SYSCONFIG_FILE}"
fi

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	medium
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	disable

- name: List /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf files
  find:
    paths:
    - /run/sysctl.d/
    - /etc/sysctl.d/
    - /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/
    - /lib/sysctl.d/
    contains: ^[\s]*kernel.dmesg_restrict.*$
    patterns: '*.conf'
    file_type: any
  register: find_sysctl_d
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91448-1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-010375
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.5
  - NIST-800-53-SI-11(a)
  - NIST-800-53-SI-11(b)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - low_severity
  - medium_disruption
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_kernel_dmesg_restrict

- name: Comment out any occurrences of kernel.dmesg_restrict from config files
  replace:
    path: '{{ item.path }}'
    regexp: ^[\s]*kernel.dmesg_restrict
    replace: '#kernel.dmesg_restrict'
  loop: '{{ find_sysctl_d.files }}'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91448-1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-010375
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.5
  - NIST-800-53-SI-11(a)
  - NIST-800-53-SI-11(b)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - low_severity
  - medium_disruption
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_kernel_dmesg_restrict

- name: Comment out any occurrences of kernel.dmesg_restrict from /etc/sysctl.conf
  replace:
    path: /etc/sysctl.conf
    regexp: ^[\s]*kernel.dmesg_restrict
    replace: '#kernel.dmesg_restrict'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91448-1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-010375
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.5
  - NIST-800-53-SI-11(a)
  - NIST-800-53-SI-11(b)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - low_severity
  - medium_disruption
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_kernel_dmesg_restrict

- name: Ensure sysctl kernel.dmesg_restrict is set to 1
  sysctl:
    name: kernel.dmesg_restrict
    value: '1'
    sysctl_file: /etc/sysctl.d/kernel_dmesg_restrict.conf
    state: present
    reload: true
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91448-1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-010375
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.5
  - NIST-800-53-SI-11(a)
  - NIST-800-53-SI-11(b)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - low_severity
  - medium_disruption
  - reboot_required
  - sysctl_kernel_dmesg_restrict

Group Services Group contains 7 groups and 20 rules

[ref] The best protection against vulnerable software is running less software. This section describes how to review the software which SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 installs on a system and disable software which is not needed. It then enumerates the software packages installed on a default SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 system and provides guidance about which ones can be safely disabled.

SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 provides a convenient minimal install option that essentially installs the bare necessities for a functional system. When building SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 systems, it is highly recommended to select the minimal packages and then build up the system from there.

Group Cron and At Daemons Group contains 2 rules

[ref] The cron and at services are used to allow commands to be executed at a later time. The cron service is required by almost all systems to perform necessary maintenance tasks, while at may or may not be required on a given system. Both daemons should be configured defensively.

Rule Install the cron service [ref]

The Cron service should be installed.

Rationale:

The cron service allow periodic job execution, needed for almost all administrative tasks and services (software update, log rotating, etc.). Access to cron service should be restricted to administrative accounts only.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_cron_installed

Identifiers:

CCE-91379-8

References:

cis-csc	11, 14, 3, 9
cobit5	BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.05, DSS06.06
hipaa	164.308(a)(4)(i), 164.308(b)(1), 164.308(b)(3), 164.310(b), 164.312(e)(1), 164.312(e)(2)(ii)
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.9.1.2
nist	CM-6(a)
nist-csf	PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3
cis	5.1.1

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

zypper install -y "cronie"

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Puppet snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

include install_cronie

class install_cronie {
  package { 'cronie':
    ensure => 'installed',
  }
}

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

- name: Ensure cronie is installed
  package:
    name: cronie
    state: present
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91379-8
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - enable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - package_cron_installed

Remediation OSBuild Blueprint snippet ⇲


[[packages]]
name = "cronie"
version = "*"

Rule Enable cron Service [ref]

The crond service is used to execute commands at preconfigured times. It is required by almost all systems to perform necessary maintenance tasks, such as notifying root of system activity. The cron service can be enabled with the following command:

$ sudo systemctl enable cron.service

Rationale:

Due to its usage for maintenance and security-supporting tasks, enabling the cron daemon is essential.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_cron_enabled

Identifiers:

CCE-91437-4

References:

cis-csc	11, 14, 3, 9
cobit5	BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.05, DSS06.06
hipaa	164.308(a)(4)(i), 164.308(b)(1), 164.308(b)(3), 164.310(b), 164.312(e)(1), 164.312(e)(2)(ii)
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.9.1.2
nist	CM-6(a)
nist-csf	PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3
cis	5.1.1

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

SYSTEMCTL_EXEC='/usr/bin/systemctl'
"$SYSTEMCTL_EXEC" unmask 'cron.service'
"$SYSTEMCTL_EXEC" start 'cron.service'
"$SYSTEMCTL_EXEC" enable 'cron.service'

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Puppet snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

include enable_cron

class enable_cron {
  service {'cron':
    enable => true,
    ensure => 'running',
  }
}

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

- name: Enable cron Service - Enable service cron
  block:

  - name: Gather the package facts
    package_facts:
      manager: auto

  - name: Enable cron Service - Enable Service cron
    ansible.builtin.systemd:
      name: cron
      enabled: true
      state: started
      masked: false
    when:
    - '"cron" in ansible_facts.packages'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91437-4
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - enable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - service_cron_enabled

Remediation OSBuild Blueprint snippet ⇲


[customizations.services]
enabled = ["cron"]

Group Deprecated services Group contains 5 rules

[ref] Some deprecated software services impact the overall system security due to their behavior (leak of confidentiality in network exchange, usage as uncontrolled communication channel, risk associated with the service due to its old age, etc.

Rule Uninstall the inet-based telnet server [ref]

The inet-based telnet daemon should be uninstalled.

Rationale:

telnet allows clear text communications, and does not protect any data transmission between client and server. Any confidential data can be listened and no integrity checking is made.

Severity:

high

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_inetutils-telnetd_removed

References:

cis-csc	11, 12, 14, 15, 3, 8, 9
cobit5	APO13.01, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.04, DSS05.02, DSS05.03, DSS05.05, DSS06.06
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 7.1, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.11.2.6, A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.2.1, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.6.2.1, A.6.2.2, A.9.1.2
nist	CM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a)
nist-csf	PR.AC-3, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	disable


# CAUTION: This remediation script will remove inetutils-telnetd
#	   from the system, and may remove any packages
#	   that depend on inetutils-telnetd. Execute this
#	   remediation AFTER testing on a non-production
#	   system!

zypper remove -y "inetutils-telnetd"

Remediation Puppet snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	disable

include remove_inetutils-telnetd

class remove_inetutils-telnetd {
  package { 'inetutils-telnetd':
    ensure => 'purged',
  }
}

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	disable

- name: Ensure inetutils-telnetd is removed
  package:
    name: inetutils-telnetd
    state: absent
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - disable_strategy
  - high_severity
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - no_reboot_needed
  - package_inetutils-telnetd_removed

Rule Uninstall the nis package [ref]

The support for Yellowpages should not be installed unless it is required.

Rationale:

NIS is the historical SUN service for central account management, more and more replaced by LDAP. NIS does not support efficiently security constraints, ACL, etc. and should not be used.

Severity:

low

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_nis_removed

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	disable


# CAUTION: This remediation script will remove nis
#	   from the system, and may remove any packages
#	   that depend on nis. Execute this
#	   remediation AFTER testing on a non-production
#	   system!

zypper remove -y "nis"

Remediation Puppet snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	disable

include remove_nis

class remove_nis {
  package { 'nis':
    ensure => 'purged',
  }
}

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	disable

- name: Ensure nis is removed
  package:
    name: nis
    state: absent
  tags:
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - low_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - package_nis_removed

Rule Uninstall the ntpdate package [ref]

ntpdate is a historical ntp synchronization client for unixes. It sould be uninstalled.

Rationale:

ntpdate is an old not security-compliant ntp client. It should be replaced by modern ntp clients such as ntpd, able to use cryptographic mechanisms integrated in NTP.

Severity:

low

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_ntpdate_removed

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	disable


# CAUTION: This remediation script will remove ntpdate
#	   from the system, and may remove any packages
#	   that depend on ntpdate. Execute this
#	   remediation AFTER testing on a non-production
#	   system!

zypper remove -y "ntpdate"

Remediation Puppet snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	disable

include remove_ntpdate

class remove_ntpdate {
  package { 'ntpdate':
    ensure => 'purged',
  }
}

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	disable

- name: Ensure ntpdate is removed
  package:
    name: ntpdate
    state: absent
  tags:
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - low_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - package_ntpdate_removed

Rule Uninstall the ssl compliant telnet server [ref]

The telnet daemon, even with ssl support, should be uninstalled.

Rationale:

telnet, even with ssl support, should not be installed. When remote shell is required, up-to-date ssh daemon can be used.

Severity:

high

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_telnetd-ssl_removed

References:

cis-csc	11, 12, 14, 15, 3, 8, 9
cobit5	APO13.01, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.04, DSS05.02, DSS05.03, DSS05.05, DSS06.06
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 7.1, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.11.2.6, A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.2.1, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.6.2.1, A.6.2.2, A.9.1.2
nist	CM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a)
nist-csf	PR.AC-3, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	disable


# CAUTION: This remediation script will remove telnetd-ssl
#	   from the system, and may remove any packages
#	   that depend on telnetd-ssl. Execute this
#	   remediation AFTER testing on a non-production
#	   system!

zypper remove -y "telnetd-ssl"

Remediation Puppet snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	disable

include remove_telnetd-ssl

class remove_telnetd-ssl {
  package { 'telnetd-ssl':
    ensure => 'purged',
  }
}

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	disable

- name: Ensure telnetd-ssl is removed
  package:
    name: telnetd-ssl
    state: absent
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - disable_strategy
  - high_severity
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - no_reboot_needed
  - package_telnetd-ssl_removed

Rule Uninstall the telnet server [ref]

The telnet daemon should be uninstalled.

Rationale:

telnet allows clear text communications, and does not protect any data transmission between client and server. Any confidential data can be listened and no integrity checking is made.'

Severity:

high

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_telnetd_removed

References:

cis-csc	11, 12, 14, 15, 3, 8, 9
cobit5	APO13.01, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS01.04, DSS05.02, DSS05.03, DSS05.05, DSS06.06
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 7.1, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.11.2.6, A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.2.1, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.6.2.1, A.6.2.2, A.9.1.2
nist	CM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a)
nist-csf	PR.AC-3, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3, PR.PT-4

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	disable


# CAUTION: This remediation script will remove telnetd
#	   from the system, and may remove any packages
#	   that depend on telnetd. Execute this
#	   remediation AFTER testing on a non-production
#	   system!

zypper remove -y "telnetd"

Remediation Puppet snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	disable

include remove_telnetd

class remove_telnetd {
  package { 'telnetd':
    ensure => 'purged',
  }
}

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	disable

- name: Ensure telnetd is removed
  package:
    name: telnetd
    state: absent
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - disable_strategy
  - high_severity
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - no_reboot_needed
  - package_telnetd_removed

Group Web Server Group contains 1 group and 2 rules

[ref] The web server is responsible for providing access to content via the HTTP protocol. Web servers represent a significant security risk because:

The HTTP port is commonly probed by malicious sources
Web server software is very complex, and includes a long history of vulnerabilities
The HTTP protocol is unencrypted and vulnerable to passive monitoring

The system's default web server software is Apache 2 and is provided in the RPM package httpd.

Group Disable Apache if Possible Group contains 2 rules

[ref] If Apache was installed and activated, but the system does not need to act as a web server, then it should be disabled and removed from the system.

Rule Uninstall httpd Package [ref]

The httpd package can be removed with the following command:

$ sudo zypper remove httpd

Rationale:

If there is no need to make the web server software available, removing it provides a safeguard against its activation.

Severity:

unknown

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_httpd_removed

Identifiers:

CCE-91286-5

References:

cis-csc	11, 14, 3, 9
cobit5	BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.05, DSS06.06
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.9.1.2
nist	CM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a)
nist-csf	PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3
cis	2.2.11

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	disable


# CAUTION: This remediation script will remove httpd
#	   from the system, and may remove any packages
#	   that depend on httpd. Execute this
#	   remediation AFTER testing on a non-production
#	   system!

zypper remove -y "httpd"

Remediation Puppet snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	disable

include remove_httpd

class remove_httpd {
  package { 'httpd':
    ensure => 'purged',
  }
}

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	disable

- name: Ensure httpd is removed
  package:
    name: httpd
    state: absent
  tags:
  - CCE-91286-5
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - no_reboot_needed
  - package_httpd_removed
  - unknown_severity

Rule Disable httpd Service [ref]

The httpd service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo systemctl mask --now httpd.service

Rationale:

Running web server software provides a network-based avenue of attack, and should be disabled if not needed.

Severity:

unknown

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_httpd_disabled

Identifiers:

CCE-91367-3

References:

cis-csc	11, 14, 3, 9
cobit5	BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.05, DSS06.06
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.9.1.2
nist	CM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a)
nist-csf	PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3
cis	2.2.11

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	disable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

SYSTEMCTL_EXEC='/usr/bin/systemctl'
"$SYSTEMCTL_EXEC" stop 'httpd.service'
"$SYSTEMCTL_EXEC" disable 'httpd.service'
"$SYSTEMCTL_EXEC" mask 'httpd.service'
# Disable socket activation if we have a unit file for it
if "$SYSTEMCTL_EXEC" -q list-unit-files httpd.socket; then
    "$SYSTEMCTL_EXEC" stop 'httpd.socket'
    "$SYSTEMCTL_EXEC" mask 'httpd.socket'
fi
# The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
# so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
# Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
"$SYSTEMCTL_EXEC" reset-failed 'httpd.service' || true

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Puppet snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

include disable_httpd

class disable_httpd {
  service {'httpd':
    enable => false,
    ensure => 'stopped',
  }
}

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	disable

- name: Disable httpd Service - Collect systemd Services Present in the System
  ansible.builtin.command: systemctl -q list-unit-files --type service
  register: service_exists
  changed_when: false
  failed_when: service_exists.rc not in [0, 1]
  check_mode: false
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91367-3
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - no_reboot_needed
  - service_httpd_disabled
  - unknown_severity

- name: Disable httpd Service - Ensure httpd.service is Masked
  ansible.builtin.systemd:
    name: httpd.service
    state: stopped
    enabled: false
    masked: true
  when:
  - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  - service_exists.stdout_lines is search("httpd.service", multiline=True)
  tags:
  - CCE-91367-3
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - no_reboot_needed
  - service_httpd_disabled
  - unknown_severity

- name: Unit Socket Exists - httpd.socket
  ansible.builtin.command: systemctl -q list-unit-files httpd.socket
  register: socket_file_exists
  changed_when: false
  failed_when: socket_file_exists.rc not in [0, 1]
  check_mode: false
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91367-3
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - no_reboot_needed
  - service_httpd_disabled
  - unknown_severity

- name: Disable httpd Service - Disable Socket httpd
  ansible.builtin.systemd:
    name: httpd.socket
    enabled: false
    state: stopped
    masked: true
  when:
  - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  - socket_file_exists.stdout_lines is search("httpd.socket", multiline=True)
  tags:
  - CCE-91367-3
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - disable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - no_reboot_needed
  - service_httpd_disabled
  - unknown_severity

Remediation OSBuild Blueprint snippet ⇲


[customizations.services]
masked = ["httpd"]

Group Network Time Protocol Group contains 2 rules

[ref] The Network Time Protocol is used to manage the system clock over a network. Computer clocks are not very accurate, so time will drift unpredictably on unmanaged systems. Central time protocols can be used both to ensure that time is consistent among a network of systems, and that their time is consistent with the outside world.

If every system on a network reliably reports the same time, then it is much easier to correlate log messages in case of an attack. In addition, a number of cryptographic protocols (such as Kerberos) use timestamps to prevent certain types of attacks. If your network does not have synchronized time, these protocols may be unreliable or even unusable.

Depending on the specifics of the network, global time accuracy may be just as important as local synchronization, or not very important at all. If your network is connected to the Internet, using a public timeserver (or one provided by your enterprise) provides globally accurate timestamps which may be essential in investigating or responding to an attack which originated outside of your network.

A typical network setup involves a small number of internal systems operating as NTP servers, and the remainder obtaining time information from those internal servers.

There is a choice between the daemons ntpd and chronyd, which are available from the repositories in the ntp and chrony packages respectively.

The default chronyd daemon can work well when external time references are only intermittently accesible, can perform well even when the network is congested for longer periods of time, can usually synchronize the clock faster and with better time accuracy, and quickly adapts to sudden changes in the rate of the clock, for example, due to changes in the temperature of the crystal oscillator. Chronyd should be considered for all systems which are frequently suspended or otherwise intermittently disconnected and reconnected to a network. Mobile and virtual systems for example.

The ntpd NTP daemon fully supports NTP protocol version 4 (RFC 5905), including broadcast, multicast, manycast clients and servers, and the orphan mode. It also supports extra authentication schemes based on public-key cryptography (RFC 5906). The NTP daemon (ntpd) should be considered for systems which are normally kept permanently on. Systems which are required to use broadcast or multicast IP, or to perform authentication of packets with the Autokey protocol, should consider using ntpd.

Refer to https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora/latest/system-administrators-guide/servers/Configuring_NTP_Using_the_chrony_Suite/ for more detailed comparison of features of chronyd and ntpd daemon features respectively, and for further guidance how to choose between the two NTP daemons.

The upstream manual pages at https://chrony-project.org/documentation.html for chronyd and http://www.ntp.org for ntpd provide additional information on the capabilities and configuration of each of the NTP daemons.

Rule Install the ntp service [ref]

The ntpd service should be installed.

Rationale:

Time synchronization (using NTP) is required by almost all network and administrative tasks (syslog, cryptographic based services (authentication, etc.), etc.). Ntpd is regulary maintained and updated, supporting security features such as RFC 5906.

Severity:

high

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_ntp_installed

Identifiers:

CCE-91293-1

References:

cis-csc	1, 14, 15, 16, 3, 5, 6
cobit5	APO11.04, BAI03.05, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, MEA02.01
disa	CCI-000160
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.3.9, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.4.4.7, 4.4.2.1, 4.4.2.2, 4.4.2.4
isa-62443-2013	SR 2.10, SR 2.11, SR 2.12, SR 2.8, SR 2.9
iso27001-2013	A.12.4.1, A.12.4.2, A.12.4.3, A.12.4.4, A.12.7.1
nist	CM-6(a)
nist-csf	PR.PT-1
pcidss	Req-10.4

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

zypper install -y "ntp"

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Puppet snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

include install_ntp

class install_ntp {
  package { 'ntp':
    ensure => 'installed',
  }
}

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

- name: Ensure ntp is installed
  package:
    name: ntp
    state: present
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91293-1
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.4
  - enable_strategy
  - high_severity
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - no_reboot_needed
  - package_ntp_installed

Remediation OSBuild Blueprint snippet ⇲


[[packages]]
name = "ntp"
version = "*"

Rule Enable the NTP Daemon [ref]

The ntp service can be enabled with the following command:

$ sudo systemctl enable ntp.service

Warning: The

ntp

package is not available in SUSE Linux Enterprise 15. Please consider the

chrony

package instead together with the respective

service_chronyd_enabled

rule.

Rationale:

Enabling the ntp service ensures that the ntp service will be running and that the system will synchronize its time to any servers specified. This is important whether the system is configured to be a client (and synchronize only its own clock) or it is also acting as an NTP server to other systems. Synchronizing time is essential for authentication services such as Kerberos, but it is also important for maintaining accurate logs and auditing possible security breaches.

The NTP daemon offers all of the functionality of ntpdate, which is now deprecated.

Severity:

high

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_ntp_enabled

Identifiers:

CCE-91294-9

References:

cis-csc	1, 14, 15, 16, 3, 5, 6
cobit5	APO11.04, BAI03.05, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, MEA02.01
disa	CCI-000160
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.3.9, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.4.4.7, 4.4.2.1, 4.4.2.2, 4.4.2.4
isa-62443-2013	SR 2.10, SR 2.11, SR 2.12, SR 2.8, SR 2.9
iso27001-2013	A.12.4.1, A.12.4.2, A.12.4.3, A.12.4.4, A.12.7.1
nist	CM-6(a), AU-8(1)(a)
nist-csf	PR.PT-1
pcidss	Req-10.4
pcidss4	10.6.1, 10.6

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ] && { rpm --quiet -q ntp; }; then

SYSTEMCTL_EXEC='/usr/bin/systemctl'
"$SYSTEMCTL_EXEC" unmask 'ntp.service'
"$SYSTEMCTL_EXEC" start 'ntp.service'
"$SYSTEMCTL_EXEC" enable 'ntp.service'

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Puppet snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

include enable_ntp

class enable_ntp {
  service {'ntp':
    enable => true,
    ensure => 'running',
  }
}

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

- name: Gather the package facts
  package_facts:
    manager: auto
  tags:
  - CCE-91294-9
  - NIST-800-53-AU-8(1)(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.6
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.6.1
  - enable_strategy
  - high_severity
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - no_reboot_needed
  - service_ntp_enabled

- name: Enable the NTP Daemon - Enable service ntp
  block:

  - name: Gather the package facts
    package_facts:
      manager: auto

  - name: Enable the NTP Daemon - Enable Service ntp
    ansible.builtin.systemd:
      name: ntp
      enabled: true
      state: started
      masked: false
    when:
    - '"ntp" in ansible_facts.packages'
  when:
  - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  - '"ntp" in ansible_facts.packages'
  tags:
  - CCE-91294-9
  - NIST-800-53-AU-8(1)(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.6
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.6.1
  - enable_strategy
  - high_severity
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - no_reboot_needed
  - service_ntp_enabled

Remediation OSBuild Blueprint snippet ⇲


[customizations.services]
enabled = ["ntp"]

Group SSH Server Group contains 1 group and 9 rules

[ref] The SSH protocol is recommended for remote login and remote file transfer. SSH provides confidentiality and integrity for data exchanged between two systems, as well as server authentication, through the use of public key cryptography. The implementation included with the system is called OpenSSH, and more detailed documentation is available from its website, https://www.openssh.com. Its server program is called sshd and provided by the RPM package openssh-server.

Group Configure OpenSSH Server if Necessary Group contains 7 rules

[ref] If the system needs to act as an SSH server, then certain changes should be made to the OpenSSH daemon configuration file /etc/ssh/sshd_config. The following recommendations can be applied to this file. See the sshd_config(5) man page for more detailed information.

Rule Set SSH Client Alive Count Max to zero [ref]

The SSH server sends at most ClientAliveCountMax messages during a SSH session and waits for a response from the SSH client. The option ClientAliveInterval configures timeout after each ClientAliveCountMax message. If the SSH server does not receive a response from the client, then the connection is considered unresponsive and terminated. To ensure the SSH timeout occurs precisely when the ClientAliveInterval is set, set the ClientAliveCountMax to value of 0 in /etc/ssh/sshd_config:

Rationale:

This ensures a user login will be terminated as soon as the ClientAliveInterval is reached.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sshd_set_keepalive_0

Identifiers:

CCE-83284-0

References:

cis-csc	1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5, 7, 8
cjis	5.5.6
cobit5	APO13.01, BAI03.01, BAI03.02, BAI03.03, DSS01.03, DSS03.05, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS05.10, DSS06.03, DSS06.10
cui	3.1.11
disa	CCI-000879, CCI-001133, CCI-002361
hipaa	164.308(a)(4)(i), 164.308(b)(1), 164.308(b)(3), 164.310(b), 164.312(e)(1), 164.312(e)(2)(ii)
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.2.2, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 6.2
iso27001-2013	A.12.4.1, A.12.4.3, A.14.1.1, A.14.2.1, A.14.2.5, A.18.1.4, A.6.1.2, A.6.1.5, A.7.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.2.4, A.9.2.6, A.9.3.1, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cip	CIP-004-6 R2.2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.1, CIP-007-3 R5.3.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.3
nist	AC-2(5), AC-12, AC-17(a), SC-10, CM-6(a)
nist-csf	DE.CM-1, DE.CM-3, PR.AC-1, PR.AC-4, PR.AC-6, PR.AC-7, PR.IP-2
pcidss	Req-8.1.8
os-srg	SRG-OS-000126-GPOS-00066, SRG-OS-000163-GPOS-00072, SRG-OS-000279-GPOS-00109
stigid	SLES-15-010320
stigref	SV-234830r986465_rule

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	restrict

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

if [ -e "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" ] ; then
    
    LC_ALL=C sed -i "/^\s*ClientAliveCountMax\s\+/Id" "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
else
    touch "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
fi
# make sure file has newline at the end
sed -i -e '$a\' "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"

cp "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak"
# Insert at the beginning of the file
printf '%s\n' "ClientAliveCountMax 0" > "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
cat "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak" >> "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
# Clean up after ourselves.
rm "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak"

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	restrict

- name: Set SSH Client Alive Count Max to zero
  block:

  - name: Check for duplicate values
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)(?i)^\s*ClientAliveCountMax\s+
      state: absent
    check_mode: true
    changed_when: false
    register: dupes

  - name: Deduplicate values from /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)(?i)^\s*ClientAliveCountMax\s+
      state: absent
    when: dupes.found is defined and dupes.found > 1

  - name: Insert correct line to /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)(?i)^\s*ClientAliveCountMax\s+
      line: ClientAliveCountMax 0
      state: present
      insertbefore: BOF
      validate: /usr/sbin/sshd -t -f %s
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-83284-0
  - CJIS-5.5.6
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-010320
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.11
  - NIST-800-53-AC-12
  - NIST-800-53-AC-17(a)
  - NIST-800-53-AC-2(5)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-10
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.1.8
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - restrict_strategy
  - sshd_set_keepalive_0

Rule Set SSH Client Alive Interval [ref]

SSH allows administrators to set a network responsiveness timeout interval. After this interval has passed, the unresponsive client will be automatically logged out.

To set this timeout interval, edit the following line in /etc/ssh/sshd_config as follows:

ClientAliveInterval 300

The timeout interval is given in seconds. For example, have a timeout of 10 minutes, set interval to 600.

If a shorter timeout has already been set for the login shell, that value will preempt any SSH setting made in /etc/ssh/sshd_config. Keep in mind that some processes may stop SSH from correctly detecting that the user is idle.

Warning: SSH disconnecting unresponsive clients will not have desired effect without also configuring ClientAliveCountMax in the SSH service configuration.

Warning: Following conditions may prevent the SSH session to time out:

Remote processes on the remote machine generates output. As the output has to be transferred over the network to the client, the timeout is reset every time such transfer happens.
Any scp or sftp activity by the same user to the host resets the timeout.

Rationale:

Terminating an idle ssh session within a short time period reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized personnel to take control of a management session enabled on the console or console port that has been let unattended.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sshd_set_idle_timeout

Identifiers:

CCE-83281-6

References:

cis-csc	1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5, 7, 8
cjis	5.5.6
cobit5	APO13.01, BAI03.01, BAI03.02, BAI03.03, DSS01.03, DSS03.05, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS05.10, DSS06.03, DSS06.10
cui	3.1.11
disa	CCI-000879, CCI-001133, CCI-002361
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.2.2, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 6.2
iso27001-2013	A.12.4.1, A.12.4.3, A.14.1.1, A.14.2.1, A.14.2.5, A.18.1.4, A.6.1.2, A.6.1.5, A.7.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.2.4, A.9.2.6, A.9.3.1, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cip	CIP-004-6 R2.2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.1, CIP-007-3 R5.3.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.3
nist	CM-6(a), AC-17(a), AC-2(5), AC-12, AC-17(a), SC-10, CM-6(a)
nist-csf	DE.CM-1, DE.CM-3, PR.AC-1, PR.AC-4, PR.AC-6, PR.AC-7, PR.IP-2
pcidss	Req-8.1.8
os-srg	SRG-OS-000126-GPOS-00066, SRG-OS-000163-GPOS-00072, SRG-OS-000279-GPOS-00109, SRG-OS-000395-GPOS-00175
stigid	SLES-15-010280
cis	5.2.16
pcidss4	8.2.8, 8.2
stigref	SV-234827r986464_rule

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	restrict

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

sshd_idle_timeout_value='300'



if [ -e "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" ] ; then
    
    LC_ALL=C sed -i "/^\s*ClientAliveInterval\s\+/Id" "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
else
    touch "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
fi
# make sure file has newline at the end
sed -i -e '$a\' "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"

cp "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak"
# Insert at the beginning of the file
printf '%s\n' "ClientAliveInterval $sshd_idle_timeout_value" > "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
cat "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak" >> "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
# Clean up after ourselves.
rm "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak"

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	restrict

- name: XCCDF Value sshd_idle_timeout_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sshd_idle_timeout_value: !!str 300
  tags:
    - always

- name: Set SSH Client Alive Interval
  block:

  - name: Check for duplicate values
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)(?i)^\s*ClientAliveInterval\s+
      state: absent
    check_mode: true
    changed_when: false
    register: dupes

  - name: Deduplicate values from /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)(?i)^\s*ClientAliveInterval\s+
      state: absent
    when: dupes.found is defined and dupes.found > 1

  - name: Insert correct line to /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)(?i)^\s*ClientAliveInterval\s+
      line: ClientAliveInterval {{ sshd_idle_timeout_value }}
      state: present
      insertbefore: BOF
      validate: /usr/sbin/sshd -t -f %s
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-83281-6
  - CJIS-5.5.6
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-010280
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.11
  - NIST-800-53-AC-12
  - NIST-800-53-AC-17(a)
  - NIST-800-53-AC-17(a)
  - NIST-800-53-AC-2(5)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-10
  - PCI-DSS-Req-8.1.8
  - PCI-DSSv4-8.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-8.2.8
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - restrict_strategy
  - sshd_set_idle_timeout

Rule Allow Only SSH Protocol 2 [ref]

Only SSH protocol version 2 connections should be permitted. The default setting in /etc/ssh/sshd_config is correct, and can be verified by ensuring that the following line appears:

Protocol 2

Warning: As of openssh-server version 7.4 and above, the only protocol supported is version 2, and line

Protocol 2

in /etc/ssh/sshd_config is not necessary.

Rationale:

SSH protocol version 1 is an insecure implementation of the SSH protocol and has many well-known vulnerability exploits. Exploits of the SSH daemon could provide immediate root access to the system.

Severity:

high

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sshd_allow_only_protocol2

Identifiers:

CCE-91440-8

References:

cis-csc	1, 12, 15, 16, 5, 8
cjis	5.5.6
cobit5	APO13.01, DSS01.04, DSS05.02, DSS05.03, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS05.10, DSS06.03, DSS06.10
cui	3.1.13, 3.5.4
disa	CCI-000197, CCI-000366
hipaa	164.308(a)(4)(i), 164.308(b)(1), 164.308(b)(3), 164.310(b), 164.312(e)(1), 164.312(e)(2)(ii)
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.2.2, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.4
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.6, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 7.1, SR 7.6
ism	0487, 1449, 1506
iso27001-2013	A.11.2.6, A.13.1.1, A.13.2.1, A.14.1.3, A.18.1.4, A.6.2.1, A.6.2.2, A.7.1.1, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.2.4, A.9.2.6, A.9.3.1, A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3
nerc-cip	CIP-003-8 R4.2, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R7.1
nist	CM-6(a), AC-17(a), AC-17(2), IA-5(1)(c), SC-13, MA-4(6)
nist-csf	PR.AC-1, PR.AC-3, PR.AC-6, PR.AC-7, PR.PT-4
os-srg	SRG-OS-000074-GPOS-00042, SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	restrict

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

if [ -e "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" ] ; then
    
    LC_ALL=C sed -i "/^\s*Protocol\s\+/Id" "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
else
    touch "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
fi
# make sure file has newline at the end
sed -i -e '$a\' "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"

cp "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak"
# Insert at the beginning of the file
printf '%s\n' "Protocol 2" > "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
cat "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak" >> "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
# Clean up after ourselves.
rm "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak"

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	restrict

- name: Allow Only SSH Protocol 2
  block:

  - name: Check for duplicate values
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)(?i)^\s*Protocol\s+
      state: absent
    check_mode: true
    changed_when: false
    register: dupes

  - name: Deduplicate values from /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)(?i)^\s*Protocol\s+
      state: absent
    when: dupes.found is defined and dupes.found > 1

  - name: Insert correct line to /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)(?i)^\s*Protocol\s+
      line: Protocol 2
      state: present
      insertbefore: BOF
      validate: /usr/sbin/sshd -t -f %s
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91440-8
  - CJIS-5.5.6
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.13
  - NIST-800-171-3.5.4
  - NIST-800-53-AC-17(2)
  - NIST-800-53-AC-17(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-IA-5(1)(c)
  - NIST-800-53-MA-4(6)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-13
  - high_severity
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - no_reboot_needed
  - restrict_strategy
  - sshd_allow_only_protocol2

Rule Disable SSH Access via Empty Passwords [ref]

Disallow SSH login with empty passwords. The default SSH configuration disables logins with empty passwords. The appropriate configuration is used if no value is set for PermitEmptyPasswords.
To explicitly disallow SSH login from accounts with empty passwords, add or correct the following line in /etc/ssh/sshd_config:

PermitEmptyPasswords no

Any accounts with empty passwords should be disabled immediately, and PAM configuration should prevent users from being able to assign themselves empty passwords.

Rationale:

Configuring this setting for the SSH daemon provides additional assurance that remote login via SSH will require a password, even in the event of misconfiguration elsewhere.

Severity:

high

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sshd_disable_empty_passwords

Identifiers:

CCE-85667-4

References:

cis-csc	11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5, 9
cjis	5.5.6
cobit5	APO01.06, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS06.02, DSS06.03, DSS06.06
cui	3.1.1, 3.1.5
disa	CCI-000366, CCI-000766
hipaa	164.308(a)(4)(i), 164.308(b)(1), 164.308(b)(3), 164.310(b), 164.312(e)(1), 164.312(e)(2)(ii)
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.2.2, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4, 4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 5.2, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.12.1.2, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nist	CM-6(b), CM-6.1(iv)
nist-csf	PR.AC-4, PR.AC-6, PR.DS-5, PR.IP-1, PR.PT-3
ospp	FIA_UAU.1
pcidss	Req-2.2.4
os-srg	SRG-OS-000106-GPOS-00053, SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00229, SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
stigid	SLES-15-040440
cis	5.2.11
pcidss4	2.2.6, 2.2
stigref	SV-235032r991591_rule

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	restrict

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

if [ -e "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" ] ; then
    
    LC_ALL=C sed -i "/^\s*PermitEmptyPasswords\s\+/Id" "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
else
    touch "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
fi
# make sure file has newline at the end
sed -i -e '$a\' "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"

cp "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak"
# Insert at the beginning of the file
printf '%s\n' "PermitEmptyPasswords no" > "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
cat "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak" >> "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
# Clean up after ourselves.
rm "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak"

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	restrict

- name: Disable SSH Access via Empty Passwords
  block:

  - name: Check for duplicate values
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)(?i)^\s*PermitEmptyPasswords\s+
      state: absent
    check_mode: true
    changed_when: false
    register: dupes

  - name: Deduplicate values from /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)(?i)^\s*PermitEmptyPasswords\s+
      state: absent
    when: dupes.found is defined and dupes.found > 1

  - name: Insert correct line to /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)(?i)^\s*PermitEmptyPasswords\s+
      line: PermitEmptyPasswords no
      state: present
      insertbefore: BOF
      validate: /usr/sbin/sshd -t -f %s
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85667-4
  - CJIS-5.5.6
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-040440
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.1
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.5
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(b)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6.1(iv)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-2.2.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - high_severity
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - no_reboot_needed
  - restrict_strategy
  - sshd_disable_empty_passwords

Rule Disable SSH Root Login [ref]

The root user should never be allowed to login to a system directly over a network. To disable root login via SSH, add or correct the following line in /etc/ssh/sshd_config:

PermitRootLogin no

Rationale:

Even though the communications channel may be encrypted, an additional layer of security is gained by extending the policy of not logging directly on as root. In addition, logging in with a user-specific account provides individual accountability of actions performed on the system and also helps to minimize direct attack attempts on root's password.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sshd_disable_root_login

Identifiers:

CCE-85557-7

References:

cis-csc	1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 3, 5
cjis	5.5.6
cobit5	APO01.06, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, DSS05.10, DSS06.02, DSS06.03, DSS06.06, DSS06.10
cui	3.1.1, 3.1.5
disa	CCI-000366, CCI-000770
hipaa	164.308(a)(4)(i), 164.308(b)(1), 164.308(b)(3), 164.310(b), 164.312(e)(1), 164.312(e)(2)(ii)
isa-62443-2009	4.3.3.2.2, 4.3.3.5.1, 4.3.3.5.2, 4.3.3.5.3, 4.3.3.5.4, 4.3.3.5.5, 4.3.3.5.6, 4.3.3.5.7, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.1, 4.3.3.6.2, 4.3.3.6.3, 4.3.3.6.4, 4.3.3.6.5, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.3.6.7, 4.3.3.6.8, 4.3.3.6.9, 4.3.3.7.1, 4.3.3.7.2, 4.3.3.7.3, 4.3.3.7.4
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.1, SR 1.10, SR 1.11, SR 1.12, SR 1.13, SR 1.2, SR 1.3, SR 1.4, SR 1.5, SR 1.6, SR 1.7, SR 1.8, SR 1.9, SR 2.1, SR 2.2, SR 2.3, SR 2.4, SR 2.5, SR 2.6, SR 2.7, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.18.1.4, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.1, A.9.2.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.2.4, A.9.2.6, A.9.3.1, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nerc-cip	CIP-003-8 R5.1.1, CIP-003-8 R5.3, CIP-004-6 R2.2.3, CIP-004-6 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R2.1, CIP-007-3 R2.2, CIP-007-3 R2.3, CIP-007-3 R5.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.1, CIP-007-3 R5.1.2, CIP-007-3 R5.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.1, CIP-007-3 R5.3.2, CIP-007-3 R5.3.3
nist	AC-6(2), AC-17(a), IA-2, IA-2(5), CM-7(a), CM-7(b), CM-6(a)
nist-csf	PR.AC-1, PR.AC-4, PR.AC-6, PR.AC-7, PR.DS-5, PR.PT-3
ospp	FAU_GEN.1
pcidss	Req-2.2.4
os-srg	SRG-OS-000109-GPOS-00056, SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227
app-srg-ctr	SRG-APP-000148-CTR-000335, SRG-APP-000190-CTR-000500
stigid	SLES-15-020040
cis	5.2.10
anssi	R33
pcidss4	2.2.6, 2.2
stigref	SV-234870r986474_rule

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	restrict

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

if [ -e "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" ] ; then
    
    LC_ALL=C sed -i "/^\s*PermitRootLogin\s\+/Id" "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
else
    touch "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
fi
# make sure file has newline at the end
sed -i -e '$a\' "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"

cp "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak"
# Insert at the beginning of the file
printf '%s\n' "PermitRootLogin no" > "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
cat "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak" >> "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
# Clean up after ourselves.
rm "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak"

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	restrict

- name: Disable SSH Root Login
  block:

  - name: Check for duplicate values
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)(?i)^\s*PermitRootLogin\s+
      state: absent
    check_mode: true
    changed_when: false
    register: dupes

  - name: Deduplicate values from /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)(?i)^\s*PermitRootLogin\s+
      state: absent
    when: dupes.found is defined and dupes.found > 1

  - name: Insert correct line to /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)(?i)^\s*PermitRootLogin\s+
      line: PermitRootLogin no
      state: present
      insertbefore: BOF
      validate: /usr/sbin/sshd -t -f %s
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-85557-7
  - CJIS-5.5.6
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-020040
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.1
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.5
  - NIST-800-53-AC-17(a)
  - NIST-800-53-AC-6(2)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-7(b)
  - NIST-800-53-IA-2
  - NIST-800-53-IA-2(5)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-2.2.4
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - restrict_strategy
  - sshd_disable_root_login

Rule Enable Encrypted X11 Forwarding [ref]

By default, remote X11 connections are not encrypted when initiated by users. SSH has the capability to encrypt remote X11 connections when SSH's X11Forwarding option is enabled.

To enable X11 Forwarding, add or correct the following line in /etc/ssh/sshd_config:

X11Forwarding yes

Rationale:

Non-encrypted X displays allow an attacker to capture keystrokes and to execute commands remotely.

Severity:

high

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sshd_enable_x11_forwarding

References:

cis-csc	1, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 20, 3, 4, 6, 9
cobit5	BAI03.08, BAI07.04, BAI10.01, BAI10.02, BAI10.03, BAI10.05, DSS03.01
cui	3.1.13
disa	CCI-000366
isa-62443-2009	4.3.4.3.2, 4.3.4.3.3, 4.4.3.3
isa-62443-2013	SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.12.1.1, A.12.1.2, A.12.1.4, A.12.5.1, A.12.6.2, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.2, A.14.2.2, A.14.2.3, A.14.2.4
nerc-cip	CIP-007-3 R7.1
nist	CM-6(a), AC-17(a), AC-17(2)
nist-csf	DE.AE-1, PR.DS-7, PR.IP-1
os-srg	SRG-OS-000480-GPOS-00227

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	restrict

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

if [ -e "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" ] ; then
    
    LC_ALL=C sed -i "/^\s*X11Forwarding\s\+/Id" "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
else
    touch "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
fi
# make sure file has newline at the end
sed -i -e '$a\' "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"

cp "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak"
# Insert at the beginning of the file
printf '%s\n' "X11Forwarding yes" > "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
cat "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak" >> "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
# Clean up after ourselves.
rm "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak"

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	restrict

- name: Enable Encrypted X11 Forwarding
  block:

  - name: Check for duplicate values
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)(?i)^\s*X11Forwarding\s+
      state: absent
    check_mode: true
    changed_when: false
    register: dupes

  - name: Deduplicate values from /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)(?i)^\s*X11Forwarding\s+
      state: absent
    when: dupes.found is defined and dupes.found > 1

  - name: Insert correct line to /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)(?i)^\s*X11Forwarding\s+
      line: X11Forwarding yes
      state: present
      insertbefore: BOF
      validate: /usr/sbin/sshd -t -f %s
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.13
  - NIST-800-53-AC-17(2)
  - NIST-800-53-AC-17(a)
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - high_severity
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - no_reboot_needed
  - restrict_strategy
  - sshd_enable_x11_forwarding

Rule Set SSH MaxSessions limit [ref]

The MaxSessions parameter specifies the maximum number of open sessions permitted from a given connection. To set MaxSessions edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config as follows:

MaxSessions 4

Rationale:

To protect a system from denial of service due to a large number of concurrent sessions, use the rate limiting function of MaxSessions to protect availability of sshd logins and prevent overwhelming the daemon.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sshd_set_max_sessions

Identifiers:

CCE-91309-5

References:

cis	5.2.22
pcidss4	2.2.6, 2.2

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	restrict

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

var_sshd_max_sessions='4'



if [ -e "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" ] ; then
    
    LC_ALL=C sed -i "/^\s*MaxSessions\s\+/Id" "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
else
    touch "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
fi
# make sure file has newline at the end
sed -i -e '$a\' "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"

cp "/etc/ssh/sshd_config" "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak"
# Insert at the beginning of the file
printf '%s\n' "MaxSessions $var_sshd_max_sessions" > "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
cat "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak" >> "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
# Clean up after ourselves.
rm "/etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak"

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	restrict

- name: XCCDF Value var_sshd_max_sessions # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    var_sshd_max_sessions: !!str 4
  tags:
    - always

- name: Set SSH MaxSessions limit
  block:

  - name: Check for duplicate values
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)(?i)^\s*MaxSessions\s+
      state: absent
    check_mode: true
    changed_when: false
    register: dupes

  - name: Deduplicate values from /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)(?i)^\s*MaxSessions\s+
      state: absent
    when: dupes.found is defined and dupes.found > 1

  - name: Insert correct line to /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    lineinfile:
      path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      create: true
      regexp: (?i)(?i)^\s*MaxSessions\s+
      line: MaxSessions {{ var_sshd_max_sessions }}
      state: present
      insertbefore: BOF
      validate: /usr/sbin/sshd -t -f %s
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-91309-5
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2
  - PCI-DSSv4-2.2.6
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - restrict_strategy
  - sshd_set_max_sessions

Rule Install the OpenSSH Client and Server Package [ref]

The openssh package should be installed. The openssh package can be installed with the following command:

$ sudo zypper install openssh

Rationale:

Without protection of the transmitted information, confidentiality, and integrity may be compromised because unprotected communications can be intercepted and either read or altered.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_openssh_installed

References:

disa	CCI-002418, CCI-002420, CCI-002421, CCI-002422
nist	CM-6(a)
os-srg	SRG-OS-000423-GPOS-00187

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

zypper install -y "openssh"

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Puppet snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

include install_openssh

class install_openssh {
  package { 'openssh':
    ensure => 'installed',
  }
}

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

- name: Ensure openssh is installed
  package:
    name: openssh
    state: present
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - enable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - package_openssh_installed

Remediation OSBuild Blueprint snippet ⇲


[[packages]]
name = "openssh"
version = "*"

Rule Enable the OpenSSH Service [ref]

The SSH server service, sshd, is commonly needed. The sshd service can be enabled with the following command:

$ sudo systemctl enable sshd.service

Rationale:

Without protection of the transmitted information, confidentiality, and integrity may be compromised because unprotected communications can be intercepted and either read or altered.

This checklist item applies to both internal and external networks and all types of information system components from which information can be transmitted (e.g., servers, mobile devices, notebook computers, printers, copiers, scanners, etc). Communication paths outside the physical protection of a controlled boundary are exposed to the possibility of interception and modification.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_sshd_enabled

Identifiers:

CCE-83297-2

References:

cis-csc	13, 14
cobit5	APO01.06, DSS05.02, DSS05.04, DSS05.07, DSS06.02, DSS06.06
cui	3.1.13, 3.5.4, 3.13.8
disa	CCI-002418, CCI-002420, CCI-002421, CCI-002422
isa-62443-2013	SR 3.1, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.2, SR 5.2
iso27001-2013	A.10.1.1, A.11.1.4, A.11.1.5, A.11.2.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.1.3, A.13.2.1, A.13.2.3, A.13.2.4, A.14.1.2, A.14.1.3, A.6.1.2, A.7.1.1, A.7.1.2, A.7.3.1, A.8.2.2, A.8.2.3, A.9.1.1, A.9.1.2, A.9.2.3, A.9.4.1, A.9.4.4, A.9.4.5
nist	CM-6(a), SC-8, SC-8(1), SC-8(2), SC-8(3), SC-8(4)
nist-csf	PR.DS-2, PR.DS-5
os-srg	SRG-OS-000423-GPOS-00187, SRG-OS-000424-GPOS-00188, SRG-OS-000425-GPOS-00189, SRG-OS-000426-GPOS-00190
stigid	SLES-15-010530
stigref	SV-234860r958908_rule

Remediation Shell script ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ]; then

SYSTEMCTL_EXEC='/usr/bin/systemctl'
"$SYSTEMCTL_EXEC" unmask 'sshd.service'
"$SYSTEMCTL_EXEC" start 'sshd.service'
"$SYSTEMCTL_EXEC" enable 'sshd.service'

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Puppet snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

include enable_sshd

class enable_sshd {
  service {'sshd':
    enable => true,
    ensure => 'running',
  }
}

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	false
Strategy:	enable

- name: Enable the OpenSSH Service - Enable service sshd
  block:

  - name: Gather the package facts
    package_facts:
      manager: auto

  - name: Enable the OpenSSH Service - Enable Service sshd
    ansible.builtin.systemd:
      name: sshd
      enabled: true
      state: started
      masked: false
    when:
    - '"openssh" in ansible_facts.packages'
  when: ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  tags:
  - CCE-83297-2
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-010530
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.13
  - NIST-800-171-3.13.8
  - NIST-800-171-3.5.4
  - NIST-800-53-CM-6(a)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-8
  - NIST-800-53-SC-8(1)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-8(2)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-8(3)
  - NIST-800-53-SC-8(4)
  - enable_strategy
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - no_reboot_needed
  - service_sshd_enabled

Remediation OSBuild Blueprint snippet ⇲


[customizations.services]
enabled = ["sshd"]

Group System Accounting with auditd Group contains 7 groups and 34 rules

[ref] The audit service provides substantial capabilities for recording system activities. By default, the service audits about SELinux AVC denials and certain types of security-relevant events such as system logins, account modifications, and authentication events performed by programs such as sudo. Under its default configuration, auditd has modest disk space requirements, and should not noticeably impact system performance.

NOTE: The Linux Audit daemon auditd can be configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules files (*.rules) located in /etc/audit/rules.d location and compile them to create the resulting form of the /etc/audit/audit.rules configuration file during the daemon startup (default configuration). Alternatively, the auditd daemon can use the auditctl utility to read audit rules from the /etc/audit/audit.rules configuration file during daemon startup, and load them into the kernel. The expected behavior is configured via the appropriate ExecStartPost directive setting in the /usr/lib/systemd/system/auditd.service configuration file. To instruct the auditd daemon to use the augenrules program to read audit rules (default configuration), use the following setting:

ExecStartPost=-/sbin/augenrules --load

in the /usr/lib/systemd/system/auditd.service configuration file. In order to instruct the auditd daemon to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules, use the following setting:

ExecStartPost=-/sbin/auditctl -R /etc/audit/audit.rules

in the /usr/lib/systemd/system/auditd.service configuration file. Refer to [Service] section of the /usr/lib/systemd/system/auditd.service configuration file for further details.

Government networks often have substantial auditing requirements and auditd can be configured to meet these requirements. Examining some example audit records demonstrates how the Linux audit system satisfies common requirements. The following example from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Documentation available at

https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html-single/selinux_users_and_administrators_guide/index#sect-Security-Enhanced_Linux-Fixing_Problems-Raw_Audit_Messages

shows the substantial amount of information captured in a two typical "raw" audit messages, followed by a breakdown of the most important fields. In this example the message is SELinux-related and reports an AVC denial (and the associated system call) that occurred when the Apache HTTP Server attempted to access the /var/www/html/file1 file (labeled with the samba_share_t type):

type=AVC msg=audit(1226874073.147:96): avc:  denied  { getattr } for pid=2465 comm="httpd"
path="/var/www/html/file1" dev=dm-0 ino=284133 scontext=unconfined_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0
tcontext=unconfined_u:object_r:samba_share_t:s0 tclass=file

type=SYSCALL msg=audit(1226874073.147:96): arch=40000003 syscall=196 success=no exit=-13
a0=b98df198 a1=bfec85dc a2=54dff4 a3=2008171 items=0 ppid=2463 pid=2465 auid=502 uid=48
gid=48 euid=48 suid=48 fsuid=48 egid=48 sgid=48 fsgid=48 tty=(none) ses=6 comm="httpd"
exe="/usr/sbin/httpd" subj=unconfined_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0 key=(null)

msg=audit(1226874073.147:96)
- The number in parentheses is the unformatted time stamp (Epoch time) for the event, which can be converted to standard time by using the date command.
{ getattr }
- The item in braces indicates the permission that was denied. getattr indicates the source process was trying to read the target file's status information. This occurs before reading files. This action is denied due to the file being accessed having the wrong label. Commonly seen permissions include getattr, read, and write.
comm="httpd"
- The executable that launched the process. The full path of the executable is found in the exe= section of the system call (SYSCALL) message, which in this case, is exe="/usr/sbin/httpd".
path="/var/www/html/file1"
- The path to the object (target) the process attempted to access.
scontext="unconfined_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0"
- The SELinux context of the process that attempted the denied action. In this case, it is the SELinux context of the Apache HTTP Server, which is running in the httpd_t domain.
tcontext="unconfined_u:object_r:samba_share_t:s0"
- The SELinux context of the object (target) the process attempted to access. In this case, it is the SELinux context of file1. Note: the samba_share_t type is not accessible to processes running in the httpd_t domain.
From the system call (SYSCALL) message, two items are of interest:
- success=no: indicates whether the denial (AVC) was enforced or not. success=no indicates the system call was not successful (SELinux denied access). success=yes indicates the system call was successful - this can be seen for permissive domains or unconfined domains, such as initrc_t and kernel_t.
- exe="/usr/sbin/httpd": the full path to the executable that launched the process, which in this case, is exe="/usr/sbin/httpd".

Group Configure auditd Rules for Comprehensive Auditing Group contains 6 groups and 32 rules

[ref] The auditd program can perform comprehensive monitoring of system activity. This section describes recommended configuration settings for comprehensive auditing, but a full description of the auditing system's capabilities is beyond the scope of this guide. The mailing list linux-audit@redhat.com exists to facilitate community discussion of the auditing system.

The audit subsystem supports extensive collection of events, including:

Tracing of arbitrary system calls (identified by name or number) on entry or exit.
Filtering by PID, UID, call success, system call argument (with some limitations), etc.
Monitoring of specific files for modifications to the file's contents or metadata.

Auditing rules at startup are controlled by the file /etc/audit/audit.rules. Add rules to it to meet the auditing requirements for your organization. Each line in /etc/audit/audit.rules represents a series of arguments that can be passed to auditctl and can be individually tested during runtime. See documentation in

/usr/share/doc/audit-VERSION

and in the related man pages for more details.

If copying any example audit rulesets from /usr/share/doc/audit-VERSION, be sure to comment out the lines containing arch= which are not appropriate for your system's architecture. Then review and understand the following rules, ensuring rules are activated as needed for the appropriate architecture.

After reviewing all the rules, reading the following sections, and editing as needed, the new rules can be activated as follows:

$ sudo service auditd restart

Group Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls Group contains 13 rules

[ref] At a minimum, the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. Note that the "-F arch=b32" lines should be present even on a 64 bit system. These commands identify system calls for auditing. Even if the system is 64 bit it can still execute 32 bit system calls. Additionally, these rules can be configured in a number of ways while still achieving the desired effect. An example of this is that the "-S" calls could be split up and placed on separate lines, however, this is less efficient. Add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:

-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chmod,fchmod,fchmodat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
    -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chown,fchown,fchownat,lchown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
    -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S setxattr,lsetxattr,fsetxattr,removexattr,lremovexattr,fremovexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod

If your system is 64 bit then these lines should be duplicated and the arch=b32 replaced with arch=b64 as follows:

-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chmod,fchmod,fchmodat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
    -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chown,fchown,fchownat,lchown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
    -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S setxattr,lsetxattr,fsetxattr,removexattr,lremovexattr,fremovexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod

Rule Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - chmod [ref]

At a minimum, the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d:

-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chmod -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod

If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line:

-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chmod -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod

If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules file:

-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chmod -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod

If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line:

-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chmod -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod

Warning: Note that these rules can be configured in a number of ways while still achieving the desired effect. Here the system calls have been placed independent of other system calls. Grouping these system calls with others as identifying earlier in this guide is more efficient.

Rationale:

The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_dac_modification_chmod

Identifiers:

CCE-85693-0

References:

cis-csc	1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
cjis	5.4.1.1
cobit5	APO10.01, APO10.03, APO10.04, APO10.05, APO11.04, APO12.06, APO13.01, BAI03.05, BAI08.02, DSS01.03, DSS01.04, DSS02.02, DSS02.04, DSS02.07, DSS03.01, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.03, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, MEA01.01, MEA01.02, MEA01.03, MEA01.04, MEA01.05, MEA02.01
cui	3.1.7
disa	CCI-000126, CCI-000130, CCI-000135, CCI-000169, CCI-000172, CCI-002884
hipaa	164.308(a)(1)(ii)(D), 164.308(a)(3)(ii)(A), 164.308(a)(5)(ii)(C), 164.312(a)(2)(i), 164.312(b), 164.312(d), 164.312(e)
isa-62443-2009	4.2.3.10, 4.3.2.6.7, 4.3.3.3.9, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.4.4.7, 4.3.4.5.6, 4.3.4.5.7, 4.3.4.5.8, 4.4.2.1, 4.4.2.2, 4.4.2.4
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.13, SR 2.10, SR 2.11, SR 2.12, SR 2.6, SR 2.8, SR 2.9, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.1, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.11.2.6, A.12.4.1, A.12.4.2, A.12.4.3, A.12.4.4, A.12.7.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.2.1, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.7, A.15.2.1, A.15.2.2, A.16.1.4, A.16.1.5, A.16.1.7, A.6.2.1, A.6.2.2
nist	AU-3, AU-3.1, AU-12(c), AU-12.1(iv), AU-12(a), AU-12.1(ii), MA-4(1)(a)
nist-csf	DE.AE-3, DE.AE-5, DE.CM-1, DE.CM-3, DE.CM-7, ID.SC-4, PR.AC-3, PR.PT-1, PR.PT-4, RS.AN-1, RS.AN-4
ospp	FAU_GEN.1.1.c
pcidss	Req-10.5.5
os-srg	SRG-OS-000037-GPOS-00015, SRG-OS-000042-GPOS-00020, SRG-OS-000062-GPOS-00031, SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172, SRG-OS-000462-GPOS-00206, SRG-OS-000471-GPOS-00215, SRG-OS-000064-GPOS-00033, SRG-OS-000466-GPOS-00210, SRG-OS-000458-GPOS-00203
app-srg-ctr	SRG-APP-000091-CTR-000160, SRG-APP-000492-CTR-001220, SRG-APP-000493-CTR-001225, SRG-APP-000494-CTR-001230, SRG-APP-000500-CTR-001260, SRG-APP-000507-CTR-001295, SRG-APP-000495-CTR-001235, SRG-APP-000499-CTR-001255
stigid	SLES-15-030290
cis	4.1.9
anssi	R73
pcidss4	10.3.4, 10.3
stigref	SV-234928r958412_rule

Remediation Shell script ⇲

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ] && rpm --quiet -q audit && { ! ( grep -q aarch64 /proc/sys/kernel/osrelease ); }; then

# First perform the remediation of the syscall rule
# Retrieve hardware architecture of the underlying system
[ "$(getconf LONG_BIT)" = "32" ] && RULE_ARCHS=("b32") || RULE_ARCHS=("b32" "b64")

for ARCH in "${RULE_ARCHS[@]}"
do
	ACTION_ARCH_FILTERS="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH"
	OTHER_FILTERS=""
	AUID_FILTERS="-F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset"
	SYSCALL="chmod"
	KEY="perm_mod"
	SYSCALL_GROUPING="chmod fchmod fchmodat"

	# Perform the remediation for both possible tools: 'auditctl' and 'augenrules'
	unset syscall_a
unset syscall_grouping
unset syscall_string
unset syscall
unset file_to_edit
unset rule_to_edit
unset rule_syscalls_to_edit
unset other_string
unset auid_string
unset full_rule

# Load macro arguments into arrays
read -a syscall_a <<< $SYSCALL
read -a syscall_grouping <<< $SYSCALL_GROUPING

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
#
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
files_to_inspect=()

# If audit tool is 'augenrules', then check if the audit rule is defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list for inspection
# If rule isn't defined yet, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to the list for inspection
default_file="/etc/audit/rules.d/$KEY.rules"
# As other_filters may include paths, lets use a different delimiter for it
# The "F" script expression tells sed to print the filenames where the expressions matched
readarray -t files_to_inspect < <(sed -s -n -e "/^$ACTION_ARCH_FILTERS/!d" -e "\#$OTHER_FILTERS#!d" -e "/$AUID_FILTERS/!d" -e "F" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules)
# Case when particular rule isn't defined in /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules yet
if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
then
    file_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$KEY.rules"
    files_to_inspect=("$file_to_inspect")
    if [ ! -e "$file_to_inspect" ]
    then
        touch "$file_to_inspect"
        chmod 0640 "$file_to_inspect"
    fi
fi

# After converting to jinja, we cannot return; therefore we skip the rest of the macro if needed instead
skip=1

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do
    # Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that satisfy the rule pattern,
    # i.e, collect rules that match:
    # * the action, list and arch, (2-nd argument)
    # * the other filters, (3-rd argument)
    # * the auid filters, (4-rd argument)
    readarray -t similar_rules < <(sed -e "/^$ACTION_ARCH_FILTERS/!d"  -e "\#$OTHER_FILTERS#!d" -e "/$AUID_FILTERS/!d" "$audit_file")

    candidate_rules=()
    # Filter out rules that have more fields then required. This will remove rules more specific than the required scope
    for s_rule in "${similar_rules[@]}"
    do
        # Strip all the options and fields we know of,
        # than check if there was any field left over
        extra_fields=$(sed -E -e "s/^$ACTION_ARCH_FILTERS//"  -e "s#$OTHER_FILTERS##" -e "s/$AUID_FILTERS//" -e "s/((:?-S [[:alnum:],]+)+)//g" -e "s/-F key=\w+|-k \w+//"<<< "$s_rule")
        grep -q -- "-F" <<< "$extra_fields" || candidate_rules+=("$s_rule")
    done

    if [[ ${#syscall_a[@]} -ge 1 ]]
    then
        # Check if the syscall we want is present in any of the similar existing rules
        for rule in "${candidate_rules[@]}"
        do
            rule_syscalls=$(echo "$rule" | grep -o -P '(-S [\w,]+)+' | xargs)
            all_syscalls_found=0
            for syscall in "${syscall_a[@]}"
            do
                grep -q -- "\b${syscall}\b" <<< "$rule_syscalls" || {
                   # A syscall was not found in the candidate rule
                   all_syscalls_found=1
                   }
            done
            if [[ $all_syscalls_found -eq 0 ]]
            then
                # We found a rule with all the syscall(s) we want; skip rest of macro
                skip=0
                break
            fi

            # Check if this rule can be grouped with our target syscall and keep track of it
            for syscall_g in "${syscall_grouping[@]}"
            do
                if grep -q -- "\b${syscall_g}\b" <<< "$rule_syscalls"
                then
                    file_to_edit=${audit_file}
                    rule_to_edit=${rule}
                    rule_syscalls_to_edit=${rule_syscalls}
                fi
            done
        done
    else
        # If there is any candidate rule, it is compliant; skip rest of macro
        if [ "${#candidate_rules[@]}" -gt 0 ]
        then
            skip=0
        fi
    fi

    if [ "$skip" -eq 0 ]; then
        break
    fi
done

if [ "$skip" -ne 0 ]; then
    # We checked all rules that matched the expected resemblance pattern (action, arch & auid)
    # At this point we know if we need to either append the $full_rule or group
    # the syscall together with an exsiting rule

    # Append the full_rule if it cannot be grouped to any other rule
    if [ -z ${rule_to_edit+x} ]
    then
        # Build full_rule while avoid adding double spaces when other_filters is empty
        if [ "${#syscall_a[@]}" -gt 0 ]
        then
            syscall_string=""
            for syscall in "${syscall_a[@]}"
            do
                syscall_string+=" -S $syscall"
            done
        fi
        other_string=$([[ $OTHER_FILTERS ]] && echo " $OTHER_FILTERS") || /bin/true
        auid_string=$([[ $AUID_FILTERS ]] && echo " $AUID_FILTERS") || /bin/true
        full_rule="$ACTION_ARCH_FILTERS${syscall_string}${other_string}${auid_string} -F key=$KEY" || /bin/true
        echo "$full_rule" >> "$default_file"
        chmod o-rwx ${default_file}
    else
        # Check if the syscalls are declared as a comma separated list or
        # as multiple -S parameters
        if grep -q -- "," <<< "${rule_syscalls_to_edit}"
        then
            delimiter=","
        else
            delimiter=" -S "
        fi
        new_grouped_syscalls="${rule_syscalls_to_edit}"
        for syscall in "${syscall_a[@]}"
        do
            grep -q -- "\b${syscall}\b" <<< "${rule_syscalls_to_edit}" || {
               # A syscall was not found in the candidate rule
               new_grouped_syscalls+="${delimiter}${syscall}"
               }
        done

        # Group the syscall in the rule
        sed -i -e "\#${rule_to_edit}#s#${rule_syscalls_to_edit}#${new_grouped_syscalls}#" "$file_to_edit"
    fi
fi
	unset syscall_a
unset syscall_grouping
unset syscall_string
unset syscall
unset file_to_edit
unset rule_to_edit
unset rule_syscalls_to_edit
unset other_string
unset auid_string
unset full_rule

# Load macro arguments into arrays
read -a syscall_a <<< $SYSCALL
read -a syscall_grouping <<< $SYSCALL_GROUPING

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
#
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
files_to_inspect=()


# If audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# file to the list of files to be inspected
default_file="/etc/audit/audit.rules"
files_to_inspect+=('/etc/audit/audit.rules' )

# After converting to jinja, we cannot return; therefore we skip the rest of the macro if needed instead
skip=1

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do
    # Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that satisfy the rule pattern,
    # i.e, collect rules that match:
    # * the action, list and arch, (2-nd argument)
    # * the other filters, (3-rd argument)
    # * the auid filters, (4-rd argument)
    readarray -t similar_rules < <(sed -e "/^$ACTION_ARCH_FILTERS/!d"  -e "\#$OTHER_FILTERS#!d" -e "/$AUID_FILTERS/!d" "$audit_file")

    candidate_rules=()
    # Filter out rules that have more fields then required. This will remove rules more specific than the required scope
    for s_rule in "${similar_rules[@]}"
    do
        # Strip all the options and fields we know of,
        # than check if there was any field left over
        extra_fields=$(sed -E -e "s/^$ACTION_ARCH_FILTERS//"  -e "s#$OTHER_FILTERS##" -e "s/$AUID_FILTERS//" -e "s/((:?-S [[:alnum:],]+)+)//g" -e "s/-F key=\w+|-k \w+//"<<< "$s_rule")
        grep -q -- "-F" <<< "$extra_fields" || candidate_rules+=("$s_rule")
    done

    if [[ ${#syscall_a[@]} -ge 1 ]]
    then
        # Check if the syscall we want is present in any of the similar existing rules
        for rule in "${candidate_rules[@]}"
        do
            rule_syscalls=$(echo "$rule" | grep -o -P '(-S [\w,]+)+' | xargs)
            all_syscalls_found=0
            for syscall in "${syscall_a[@]}"
            do
                grep -q -- "\b${syscall}\b" <<< "$rule_syscalls" || {
                   # A syscall was not found in the candidate rule
                   all_syscalls_found=1
                   }
            done
            if [[ $all_syscalls_found -eq 0 ]]
            then
                # We found a rule with all the syscall(s) we want; skip rest of macro
                skip=0
                break
            fi

            # Check if this rule can be grouped with our target syscall and keep track of it
            for syscall_g in "${syscall_grouping[@]}"
            do
                if grep -q -- "\b${syscall_g}\b" <<< "$rule_syscalls"
                then
                    file_to_edit=${audit_file}
                    rule_to_edit=${rule}
                    rule_syscalls_to_edit=${rule_syscalls}
                fi
            done
        done
    else
        # If there is any candidate rule, it is compliant; skip rest of macro
        if [ "${#candidate_rules[@]}" -gt 0 ]
        then
            skip=0
        fi
    fi

    if [ "$skip" -eq 0 ]; then
        break
    fi
done

if [ "$skip" -ne 0 ]; then
    # We checked all rules that matched the expected resemblance pattern (action, arch & auid)
    # At this point we know if we need to either append the $full_rule or group
    # the syscall together with an exsiting rule

    # Append the full_rule if it cannot be grouped to any other rule
    if [ -z ${rule_to_edit+x} ]
    then
        # Build full_rule while avoid adding double spaces when other_filters is empty
        if [ "${#syscall_a[@]}" -gt 0 ]
        then
            syscall_string=""
            for syscall in "${syscall_a[@]}"
            do
                syscall_string+=" -S $syscall"
            done
        fi
        other_string=$([[ $OTHER_FILTERS ]] && echo " $OTHER_FILTERS") || /bin/true
        auid_string=$([[ $AUID_FILTERS ]] && echo " $AUID_FILTERS") || /bin/true
        full_rule="$ACTION_ARCH_FILTERS${syscall_string}${other_string}${auid_string} -F key=$KEY" || /bin/true
        echo "$full_rule" >> "$default_file"
        chmod o-rwx ${default_file}
    else
        # Check if the syscalls are declared as a comma separated list or
        # as multiple -S parameters
        if grep -q -- "," <<< "${rule_syscalls_to_edit}"
        then
            delimiter=","
        else
            delimiter=" -S "
        fi
        new_grouped_syscalls="${rule_syscalls_to_edit}"
        for syscall in "${syscall_a[@]}"
        do
            grep -q -- "\b${syscall}\b" <<< "${rule_syscalls_to_edit}" || {
               # A syscall was not found in the candidate rule
               new_grouped_syscalls+="${delimiter}${syscall}"
               }
        done

        # Group the syscall in the rule
        sed -i -e "\#${rule_to_edit}#s#${rule_syscalls_to_edit}#${new_grouped_syscalls}#" "$file_to_edit"
    fi
fi
done

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	restrict

- name: Gather the package facts
  package_facts:
    manager: auto
  tags:
  - CCE-85693-0
  - CJIS-5.4.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-030290
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.7
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12.1(ii)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12.1(iv)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-3
  - NIST-800-53-AU-3.1
  - NIST-800-53-MA-4(1)(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.4
  - audit_rules_dac_modification_chmod
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - restrict_strategy

- name: Set architecture for audit chmod tasks
  set_fact:
    audit_arch: b64
  when:
  - '"audit" in ansible_facts.packages'
  - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  - not ( ansible_architecture == "aarch64" )
  - ansible_architecture == "aarch64" or ansible_architecture == "ppc64" or ansible_architecture
    == "ppc64le" or ansible_architecture == "s390x" or ansible_architecture == "x86_64"
  tags:
  - CCE-85693-0
  - CJIS-5.4.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-030290
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.7
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12.1(ii)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12.1(iv)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-3
  - NIST-800-53-AU-3.1
  - NIST-800-53-MA-4(1)(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.4
  - audit_rules_dac_modification_chmod
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - restrict_strategy

- name: Perform remediation of Audit rules for chmod for 32bit platform
  block:

  - name: Declare list of syscalls
    set_fact:
      syscalls:
      - chmod
      syscall_grouping:
      - chmod
      - fchmod
      - fchmodat

  - name: Check existence of chmod in /etc/audit/rules.d/
    find:
      paths: /etc/audit/rules.d
      contains: -a always,exit -F arch=b32(( -S |,)\w+)*(( -S |,){{ item }})+(( -S
        |,)\w+)* -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset (-k\s+|-F\s+key=)\S+\s*$
      patterns: '*.rules'
    register: find_command
    loop: '{{ (syscall_grouping + syscalls) | unique }}'

  - name: Reset syscalls found per file
    set_fact:
      syscalls_per_file: {}
      found_paths_dict: {}

  - name: Declare syscalls found per file
    set_fact: syscalls_per_file="{{ syscalls_per_file | combine( {item.files[0].path
      :[item.item] + syscalls_per_file.get(item.files[0].path, []) } ) }}"
    loop: '{{ find_command.results | selectattr(''matched'') | list }}'

  - name: Declare files where syscalls were found
    set_fact: found_paths="{{ find_command.results | map(attribute='files') | flatten
      | map(attribute='path') | list }}"

  - name: Count occurrences of syscalls in paths
    set_fact: found_paths_dict="{{ found_paths_dict | combine({ item:1+found_paths_dict.get(item,
      0) }) }}"
    loop: '{{ find_command.results | map(attribute=''files'') | flatten | map(attribute=''path'')
      | list }}'

  - name: Get path with most syscalls
    set_fact: audit_file="{{ (found_paths_dict | dict2items() | sort(attribute='value')
      | last).key }}"
    when: found_paths | length >= 1

  - name: No file with syscall found, set path to /etc/audit/rules.d/perm_mod.rules
    set_fact: audit_file="/etc/audit/rules.d/perm_mod.rules"
    when: found_paths | length == 0

  - name: Declare found syscalls
    set_fact: syscalls_found="{{ find_command.results | selectattr('matched') | map(attribute='item')
      | list }}"

  - name: Declare missing syscalls
    set_fact: missing_syscalls="{{ syscalls | difference(syscalls_found) }}"

  - name: Replace the audit rule in {{ audit_file }}
    lineinfile:
      path: '{{ audit_file }}'
      regexp: (-a always,exit -F arch=b32)(?=.*(?:(?:-S |,)(?:{{ syscalls_per_file[audit_file]
        | join("|") }}))\b)((?:( -S |,)\w+)+)( -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset (?:-k
        |-F key=)\w+)
      line: \1\2\3{{ missing_syscalls | join("\3") }}\4
      backrefs: true
      state: present
    when: syscalls_found | length > 0 and missing_syscalls | length > 0

  - name: Add the audit rule to {{ audit_file }}
    lineinfile:
      path: '{{ audit_file }}'
      line: -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S {{ syscalls | join(',') }} -F auid>=1000
        -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
      create: true
      mode: o-rwx
      state: present
    when: syscalls_found | length == 0

  - name: Declare list of syscalls
    set_fact:
      syscalls:
      - chmod
      syscall_grouping:
      - chmod
      - fchmod
      - fchmodat

  - name: Check existence of chmod in /etc/audit/audit.rules
    find:
      paths: /etc/audit
      contains: -a always,exit -F arch=b32(( -S |,)\w+)*(( -S |,){{ item }})+(( -S
        |,)\w+)* -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset (-k\s+|-F\s+key=)\S+\s*$
      patterns: audit.rules
    register: find_command
    loop: '{{ (syscall_grouping + syscalls) | unique }}'

  - name: Set path to /etc/audit/audit.rules
    set_fact: audit_file="/etc/audit/audit.rules"

  - name: Declare found syscalls
    set_fact: syscalls_found="{{ find_command.results | selectattr('matched') | map(attribute='item')
      | list }}"

  - name: Declare missing syscalls
    set_fact: missing_syscalls="{{ syscalls | difference(syscalls_found) }}"

  - name: Replace the audit rule in {{ audit_file }}
    lineinfile:
      path: '{{ audit_file }}'
      regexp: (-a always,exit -F arch=b32)(?=.*(?:(?:-S |,)(?:{{ syscalls_found |
        join("|") }}))\b)((?:( -S |,)\w+)+)( -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset (?:-k |-F
        key=)\w+)
      line: \1\2\3{{ missing_syscalls | join("\3") }}\4
      backrefs: true
      state: present
    when: syscalls_found | length > 0 and missing_syscalls | length > 0

  - name: Add the audit rule to {{ audit_file }}
    lineinfile:
      path: '{{ audit_file }}'
      line: -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S {{ syscalls | join(',') }} -F auid>=1000
        -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
      create: true
      mode: o-rwx
      state: present
    when: syscalls_found | length == 0
  when:
  - '"audit" in ansible_facts.packages'
  - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  - not ( ansible_architecture == "aarch64" )
  tags:
  - CCE-85693-0
  - CJIS-5.4.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-030290
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.7
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12.1(ii)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12.1(iv)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-3
  - NIST-800-53-AU-3.1
  - NIST-800-53-MA-4(1)(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.4
  - audit_rules_dac_modification_chmod
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - restrict_strategy

- name: Perform remediation of Audit rules for chmod for 64bit platform
  block:

  - name: Declare list of syscalls
    set_fact:
      syscalls:
      - chmod
      syscall_grouping:
      - chmod
      - fchmod
      - fchmodat

  - name: Check existence of chmod in /etc/audit/rules.d/
    find:
      paths: /etc/audit/rules.d
      contains: -a always,exit -F arch=b64(( -S |,)\w+)*(( -S |,){{ item }})+(( -S
        |,)\w+)* -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset (-k\s+|-F\s+key=)\S+\s*$
      patterns: '*.rules'
    register: find_command
    loop: '{{ (syscall_grouping + syscalls) | unique }}'

  - name: Reset syscalls found per file
    set_fact:
      syscalls_per_file: {}
      found_paths_dict: {}

  - name: Declare syscalls found per file
    set_fact: syscalls_per_file="{{ syscalls_per_file | combine( {item.files[0].path
      :[item.item] + syscalls_per_file.get(item.files[0].path, []) } ) }}"
    loop: '{{ find_command.results | selectattr(''matched'') | list }}'

  - name: Declare files where syscalls were found
    set_fact: found_paths="{{ find_command.results | map(attribute='files') | flatten
      | map(attribute='path') | list }}"

  - name: Count occurrences of syscalls in paths
    set_fact: found_paths_dict="{{ found_paths_dict | combine({ item:1+found_paths_dict.get(item,
      0) }) }}"
    loop: '{{ find_command.results | map(attribute=''files'') | flatten | map(attribute=''path'')
      | list }}'

  - name: Get path with most syscalls
    set_fact: audit_file="{{ (found_paths_dict | dict2items() | sort(attribute='value')
      | last).key }}"
    when: found_paths | length >= 1

  - name: No file with syscall found, set path to /etc/audit/rules.d/perm_mod.rules
    set_fact: audit_file="/etc/audit/rules.d/perm_mod.rules"
    when: found_paths | length == 0

  - name: Declare found syscalls
    set_fact: syscalls_found="{{ find_command.results | selectattr('matched') | map(attribute='item')
      | list }}"

  - name: Declare missing syscalls
    set_fact: missing_syscalls="{{ syscalls | difference(syscalls_found) }}"

  - name: Replace the audit rule in {{ audit_file }}
    lineinfile:
      path: '{{ audit_file }}'
      regexp: (-a always,exit -F arch=b64)(?=.*(?:(?:-S |,)(?:{{ syscalls_per_file[audit_file]
        | join("|") }}))\b)((?:( -S |,)\w+)+)( -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset (?:-k
        |-F key=)\w+)
      line: \1\2\3{{ missing_syscalls | join("\3") }}\4
      backrefs: true
      state: present
    when: syscalls_found | length > 0 and missing_syscalls | length > 0

  - name: Add the audit rule to {{ audit_file }}
    lineinfile:
      path: '{{ audit_file }}'
      line: -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S {{ syscalls | join(',') }} -F auid>=1000
        -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
      create: true
      mode: o-rwx
      state: present
    when: syscalls_found | length == 0

  - name: Declare list of syscalls
    set_fact:
      syscalls:
      - chmod
      syscall_grouping:
      - chmod
      - fchmod
      - fchmodat

  - name: Check existence of chmod in /etc/audit/audit.rules
    find:
      paths: /etc/audit
      contains: -a always,exit -F arch=b64(( -S |,)\w+)*(( -S |,){{ item }})+(( -S
        |,)\w+)* -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset (-k\s+|-F\s+key=)\S+\s*$
      patterns: audit.rules
    register: find_command
    loop: '{{ (syscall_grouping + syscalls) | unique }}'

  - name: Set path to /etc/audit/audit.rules
    set_fact: audit_file="/etc/audit/audit.rules"

  - name: Declare found syscalls
    set_fact: syscalls_found="{{ find_command.results | selectattr('matched') | map(attribute='item')
      | list }}"

  - name: Declare missing syscalls
    set_fact: missing_syscalls="{{ syscalls | difference(syscalls_found) }}"

  - name: Replace the audit rule in {{ audit_file }}
    lineinfile:
      path: '{{ audit_file }}'
      regexp: (-a always,exit -F arch=b64)(?=.*(?:(?:-S |,)(?:{{ syscalls_found |
        join("|") }}))\b)((?:( -S |,)\w+)+)( -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset (?:-k |-F
        key=)\w+)
      line: \1\2\3{{ missing_syscalls | join("\3") }}\4
      backrefs: true
      state: present
    when: syscalls_found | length > 0 and missing_syscalls | length > 0

  - name: Add the audit rule to {{ audit_file }}
    lineinfile:
      path: '{{ audit_file }}'
      line: -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S {{ syscalls | join(',') }} -F auid>=1000
        -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
      create: true
      mode: o-rwx
      state: present
    when: syscalls_found | length == 0
  when:
  - '"audit" in ansible_facts.packages'
  - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  - not ( ansible_architecture == "aarch64" )
  - audit_arch == "b64"
  tags:
  - CCE-85693-0
  - CJIS-5.4.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-030290
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.7
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12.1(ii)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12.1(iv)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-3
  - NIST-800-53-AU-3.1
  - NIST-800-53-MA-4(1)(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.4
  - audit_rules_dac_modification_chmod
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - restrict_strategy

Rule Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - chown [ref]

-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod

If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line:

-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod

If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules file:

-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod

If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line:

-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod

Rationale:

Severity:

medium

Rule ID: xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_dac_modification_chown

Identifiers:

CCE-85690-6

References:

cis-csc	1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
cjis	5.4.1.1
cobit5	APO10.01, APO10.03, APO10.04, APO10.05, APO11.04, APO12.06, APO13.01, BAI03.05, BAI08.02, DSS01.03, DSS01.04, DSS02.02, DSS02.04, DSS02.07, DSS03.01, DSS03.05, DSS05.02, DSS05.03, DSS05.04, DSS05.05, DSS05.07, MEA01.01, MEA01.02, MEA01.03, MEA01.04, MEA01.05, MEA02.01
cui	3.1.7
disa	CCI-000126, CCI-000130, CCI-000135, CCI-000169, CCI-000172, CCI-002884
hipaa	164.308(a)(1)(ii)(D), 164.308(a)(3)(ii)(A), 164.308(a)(5)(ii)(C), 164.312(a)(2)(i), 164.312(b), 164.312(d), 164.312(e)
isa-62443-2009	4.2.3.10, 4.3.2.6.7, 4.3.3.3.9, 4.3.3.5.8, 4.3.3.6.6, 4.3.4.4.7, 4.3.4.5.6, 4.3.4.5.7, 4.3.4.5.8, 4.4.2.1, 4.4.2.2, 4.4.2.4
isa-62443-2013	SR 1.13, SR 2.10, SR 2.11, SR 2.12, SR 2.6, SR 2.8, SR 2.9, SR 3.1, SR 3.5, SR 3.8, SR 4.1, SR 4.3, SR 5.1, SR 5.2, SR 5.3, SR 6.1, SR 6.2, SR 7.1, SR 7.6
iso27001-2013	A.11.2.6, A.12.4.1, A.12.4.2, A.12.4.3, A.12.4.4, A.12.7.1, A.13.1.1, A.13.2.1, A.14.1.3, A.14.2.7, A.15.2.1, A.15.2.2, A.16.1.4, A.16.1.5, A.16.1.7, A.6.2.1, A.6.2.2
nist	AU-3, AU-3.1, AU-12(c), AU-12.1(iv), AU-12(a), AU-12.1(ii), MA-4(1)(a)
nist-csf	DE.AE-3, DE.AE-5, DE.CM-1, DE.CM-3, DE.CM-7, ID.SC-4, PR.AC-3, PR.PT-1, PR.PT-4, RS.AN-1, RS.AN-4
ospp	FAU_GEN.1.1.c
pcidss	Req-10.5.5
os-srg	SRG-OS-000037-GPOS-00015, SRG-OS-000042-GPOS-00020, SRG-OS-000062-GPOS-00031, SRG-OS-000392-GPOS-00172, SRG-OS-000462-GPOS-00206, SRG-OS-000471-GPOS-00215, SRG-OS-000064-GPOS-00033, SRG-OS-000466-GPOS-00210, SRG-OS-000458-GPOS-00203, SRG-OS-000474-GPOS-00219
app-srg-ctr	SRG-APP-000091-CTR-000160, SRG-APP-000492-CTR-001220, SRG-APP-000493-CTR-001225, SRG-APP-000494-CTR-001230, SRG-APP-000500-CTR-001260, SRG-APP-000507-CTR-001295, SRG-APP-000495-CTR-001235, SRG-APP-000499-CTR-001255
stigid	SLES-15-030250
cis	4.1.9
anssi	R73
pcidss4	10.3.4, 10.3
stigref	SV-234924r958412_rule

Remediation Shell script ⇲

# Remediation is applicable only in certain platforms
if [ ! -f /.dockerenv ] && [ ! -f /run/.containerenv ] && rpm --quiet -q audit && { ! ( grep -q aarch64 /proc/sys/kernel/osrelease ); }; then

# First perform the remediation of the syscall rule
# Retrieve hardware architecture of the underlying system
[ "$(getconf LONG_BIT)" = "32" ] && RULE_ARCHS=("b32") || RULE_ARCHS=("b32" "b64")

for ARCH in "${RULE_ARCHS[@]}"
do
	ACTION_ARCH_FILTERS="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH"
	OTHER_FILTERS=""
	AUID_FILTERS="-F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset"
	SYSCALL="chown"
	KEY="perm_mod"
	SYSCALL_GROUPING="chown fchown fchownat lchown"

	# Perform the remediation for both possible tools: 'auditctl' and 'augenrules'
	unset syscall_a
unset syscall_grouping
unset syscall_string
unset syscall
unset file_to_edit
unset rule_to_edit
unset rule_syscalls_to_edit
unset other_string
unset auid_string
unset full_rule

# Load macro arguments into arrays
read -a syscall_a <<< $SYSCALL
read -a syscall_grouping <<< $SYSCALL_GROUPING

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
#
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
files_to_inspect=()

# If audit tool is 'augenrules', then check if the audit rule is defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list for inspection
# If rule isn't defined yet, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to the list for inspection
default_file="/etc/audit/rules.d/$KEY.rules"
# As other_filters may include paths, lets use a different delimiter for it
# The "F" script expression tells sed to print the filenames where the expressions matched
readarray -t files_to_inspect < <(sed -s -n -e "/^$ACTION_ARCH_FILTERS/!d" -e "\#$OTHER_FILTERS#!d" -e "/$AUID_FILTERS/!d" -e "F" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules)
# Case when particular rule isn't defined in /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules yet
if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
then
    file_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$KEY.rules"
    files_to_inspect=("$file_to_inspect")
    if [ ! -e "$file_to_inspect" ]
    then
        touch "$file_to_inspect"
        chmod 0640 "$file_to_inspect"
    fi
fi

# After converting to jinja, we cannot return; therefore we skip the rest of the macro if needed instead
skip=1

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do
    # Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that satisfy the rule pattern,
    # i.e, collect rules that match:
    # * the action, list and arch, (2-nd argument)
    # * the other filters, (3-rd argument)
    # * the auid filters, (4-rd argument)
    readarray -t similar_rules < <(sed -e "/^$ACTION_ARCH_FILTERS/!d"  -e "\#$OTHER_FILTERS#!d" -e "/$AUID_FILTERS/!d" "$audit_file")

    candidate_rules=()
    # Filter out rules that have more fields then required. This will remove rules more specific than the required scope
    for s_rule in "${similar_rules[@]}"
    do
        # Strip all the options and fields we know of,
        # than check if there was any field left over
        extra_fields=$(sed -E -e "s/^$ACTION_ARCH_FILTERS//"  -e "s#$OTHER_FILTERS##" -e "s/$AUID_FILTERS//" -e "s/((:?-S [[:alnum:],]+)+)//g" -e "s/-F key=\w+|-k \w+//"<<< "$s_rule")
        grep -q -- "-F" <<< "$extra_fields" || candidate_rules+=("$s_rule")
    done

    if [[ ${#syscall_a[@]} -ge 1 ]]
    then
        # Check if the syscall we want is present in any of the similar existing rules
        for rule in "${candidate_rules[@]}"
        do
            rule_syscalls=$(echo "$rule" | grep -o -P '(-S [\w,]+)+' | xargs)
            all_syscalls_found=0
            for syscall in "${syscall_a[@]}"
            do
                grep -q -- "\b${syscall}\b" <<< "$rule_syscalls" || {
                   # A syscall was not found in the candidate rule
                   all_syscalls_found=1
                   }
            done
            if [[ $all_syscalls_found -eq 0 ]]
            then
                # We found a rule with all the syscall(s) we want; skip rest of macro
                skip=0
                break
            fi

            # Check if this rule can be grouped with our target syscall and keep track of it
            for syscall_g in "${syscall_grouping[@]}"
            do
                if grep -q -- "\b${syscall_g}\b" <<< "$rule_syscalls"
                then
                    file_to_edit=${audit_file}
                    rule_to_edit=${rule}
                    rule_syscalls_to_edit=${rule_syscalls}
                fi
            done
        done
    else
        # If there is any candidate rule, it is compliant; skip rest of macro
        if [ "${#candidate_rules[@]}" -gt 0 ]
        then
            skip=0
        fi
    fi

    if [ "$skip" -eq 0 ]; then
        break
    fi
done

if [ "$skip" -ne 0 ]; then
    # We checked all rules that matched the expected resemblance pattern (action, arch & auid)
    # At this point we know if we need to either append the $full_rule or group
    # the syscall together with an exsiting rule

    # Append the full_rule if it cannot be grouped to any other rule
    if [ -z ${rule_to_edit+x} ]
    then
        # Build full_rule while avoid adding double spaces when other_filters is empty
        if [ "${#syscall_a[@]}" -gt 0 ]
        then
            syscall_string=""
            for syscall in "${syscall_a[@]}"
            do
                syscall_string+=" -S $syscall"
            done
        fi
        other_string=$([[ $OTHER_FILTERS ]] && echo " $OTHER_FILTERS") || /bin/true
        auid_string=$([[ $AUID_FILTERS ]] && echo " $AUID_FILTERS") || /bin/true
        full_rule="$ACTION_ARCH_FILTERS${syscall_string}${other_string}${auid_string} -F key=$KEY" || /bin/true
        echo "$full_rule" >> "$default_file"
        chmod o-rwx ${default_file}
    else
        # Check if the syscalls are declared as a comma separated list or
        # as multiple -S parameters
        if grep -q -- "," <<< "${rule_syscalls_to_edit}"
        then
            delimiter=","
        else
            delimiter=" -S "
        fi
        new_grouped_syscalls="${rule_syscalls_to_edit}"
        for syscall in "${syscall_a[@]}"
        do
            grep -q -- "\b${syscall}\b" <<< "${rule_syscalls_to_edit}" || {
               # A syscall was not found in the candidate rule
               new_grouped_syscalls+="${delimiter}${syscall}"
               }
        done

        # Group the syscall in the rule
        sed -i -e "\#${rule_to_edit}#s#${rule_syscalls_to_edit}#${new_grouped_syscalls}#" "$file_to_edit"
    fi
fi
	unset syscall_a
unset syscall_grouping
unset syscall_string
unset syscall
unset file_to_edit
unset rule_to_edit
unset rule_syscalls_to_edit
unset other_string
unset auid_string
unset full_rule

# Load macro arguments into arrays
read -a syscall_a <<< $SYSCALL
read -a syscall_grouping <<< $SYSCALL_GROUPING

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
#
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
files_to_inspect=()


# If audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# file to the list of files to be inspected
default_file="/etc/audit/audit.rules"
files_to_inspect+=('/etc/audit/audit.rules' )

# After converting to jinja, we cannot return; therefore we skip the rest of the macro if needed instead
skip=1

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do
    # Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that satisfy the rule pattern,
    # i.e, collect rules that match:
    # * the action, list and arch, (2-nd argument)
    # * the other filters, (3-rd argument)
    # * the auid filters, (4-rd argument)
    readarray -t similar_rules < <(sed -e "/^$ACTION_ARCH_FILTERS/!d"  -e "\#$OTHER_FILTERS#!d" -e "/$AUID_FILTERS/!d" "$audit_file")

    candidate_rules=()
    # Filter out rules that have more fields then required. This will remove rules more specific than the required scope
    for s_rule in "${similar_rules[@]}"
    do
        # Strip all the options and fields we know of,
        # than check if there was any field left over
        extra_fields=$(sed -E -e "s/^$ACTION_ARCH_FILTERS//"  -e "s#$OTHER_FILTERS##" -e "s/$AUID_FILTERS//" -e "s/((:?-S [[:alnum:],]+)+)//g" -e "s/-F key=\w+|-k \w+//"<<< "$s_rule")
        grep -q -- "-F" <<< "$extra_fields" || candidate_rules+=("$s_rule")
    done

    if [[ ${#syscall_a[@]} -ge 1 ]]
    then
        # Check if the syscall we want is present in any of the similar existing rules
        for rule in "${candidate_rules[@]}"
        do
            rule_syscalls=$(echo "$rule" | grep -o -P '(-S [\w,]+)+' | xargs)
            all_syscalls_found=0
            for syscall in "${syscall_a[@]}"
            do
                grep -q -- "\b${syscall}\b" <<< "$rule_syscalls" || {
                   # A syscall was not found in the candidate rule
                   all_syscalls_found=1
                   }
            done
            if [[ $all_syscalls_found -eq 0 ]]
            then
                # We found a rule with all the syscall(s) we want; skip rest of macro
                skip=0
                break
            fi

            # Check if this rule can be grouped with our target syscall and keep track of it
            for syscall_g in "${syscall_grouping[@]}"
            do
                if grep -q -- "\b${syscall_g}\b" <<< "$rule_syscalls"
                then
                    file_to_edit=${audit_file}
                    rule_to_edit=${rule}
                    rule_syscalls_to_edit=${rule_syscalls}
                fi
            done
        done
    else
        # If there is any candidate rule, it is compliant; skip rest of macro
        if [ "${#candidate_rules[@]}" -gt 0 ]
        then
            skip=0
        fi
    fi

    if [ "$skip" -eq 0 ]; then
        break
    fi
done

if [ "$skip" -ne 0 ]; then
    # We checked all rules that matched the expected resemblance pattern (action, arch & auid)
    # At this point we know if we need to either append the $full_rule or group
    # the syscall together with an exsiting rule

    # Append the full_rule if it cannot be grouped to any other rule
    if [ -z ${rule_to_edit+x} ]
    then
        # Build full_rule while avoid adding double spaces when other_filters is empty
        if [ "${#syscall_a[@]}" -gt 0 ]
        then
            syscall_string=""
            for syscall in "${syscall_a[@]}"
            do
                syscall_string+=" -S $syscall"
            done
        fi
        other_string=$([[ $OTHER_FILTERS ]] && echo " $OTHER_FILTERS") || /bin/true
        auid_string=$([[ $AUID_FILTERS ]] && echo " $AUID_FILTERS") || /bin/true
        full_rule="$ACTION_ARCH_FILTERS${syscall_string}${other_string}${auid_string} -F key=$KEY" || /bin/true
        echo "$full_rule" >> "$default_file"
        chmod o-rwx ${default_file}
    else
        # Check if the syscalls are declared as a comma separated list or
        # as multiple -S parameters
        if grep -q -- "," <<< "${rule_syscalls_to_edit}"
        then
            delimiter=","
        else
            delimiter=" -S "
        fi
        new_grouped_syscalls="${rule_syscalls_to_edit}"
        for syscall in "${syscall_a[@]}"
        do
            grep -q -- "\b${syscall}\b" <<< "${rule_syscalls_to_edit}" || {
               # A syscall was not found in the candidate rule
               new_grouped_syscalls+="${delimiter}${syscall}"
               }
        done

        # Group the syscall in the rule
        sed -i -e "\#${rule_to_edit}#s#${rule_syscalls_to_edit}#${new_grouped_syscalls}#" "$file_to_edit"
    fi
fi
done

else
    >&2 echo 'Remediation is not applicable, nothing was done'
fi

Remediation Ansible snippet ⇲

Complexity:	low
Disruption:	low
Reboot:	true
Strategy:	restrict

- name: Gather the package facts
  package_facts:
    manager: auto
  tags:
  - CCE-85690-6
  - CJIS-5.4.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-030250
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.7
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12.1(ii)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12.1(iv)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-3
  - NIST-800-53-AU-3.1
  - NIST-800-53-MA-4(1)(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.4
  - audit_rules_dac_modification_chown
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - restrict_strategy

- name: Set architecture for audit chown tasks
  set_fact:
    audit_arch: b64
  when:
  - '"audit" in ansible_facts.packages'
  - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  - not ( ansible_architecture == "aarch64" )
  - ansible_architecture == "aarch64" or ansible_architecture == "ppc64" or ansible_architecture
    == "ppc64le" or ansible_architecture == "s390x" or ansible_architecture == "x86_64"
  tags:
  - CCE-85690-6
  - CJIS-5.4.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-030250
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.7
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12.1(ii)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12.1(iv)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-3
  - NIST-800-53-AU-3.1
  - NIST-800-53-MA-4(1)(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.4
  - audit_rules_dac_modification_chown
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - restrict_strategy

- name: Perform remediation of Audit rules for chown for 32bit platform
  block:

  - name: Declare list of syscalls
    set_fact:
      syscalls:
      - chown
      syscall_grouping:
      - chown
      - fchown
      - fchownat
      - lchown

  - name: Check existence of chown in /etc/audit/rules.d/
    find:
      paths: /etc/audit/rules.d
      contains: -a always,exit -F arch=b32(( -S |,)\w+)*(( -S |,){{ item }})+(( -S
        |,)\w+)* -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset (-k\s+|-F\s+key=)\S+\s*$
      patterns: '*.rules'
    register: find_command
    loop: '{{ (syscall_grouping + syscalls) | unique }}'

  - name: Reset syscalls found per file
    set_fact:
      syscalls_per_file: {}
      found_paths_dict: {}

  - name: Declare syscalls found per file
    set_fact: syscalls_per_file="{{ syscalls_per_file | combine( {item.files[0].path
      :[item.item] + syscalls_per_file.get(item.files[0].path, []) } ) }}"
    loop: '{{ find_command.results | selectattr(''matched'') | list }}'

  - name: Declare files where syscalls were found
    set_fact: found_paths="{{ find_command.results | map(attribute='files') | flatten
      | map(attribute='path') | list }}"

  - name: Count occurrences of syscalls in paths
    set_fact: found_paths_dict="{{ found_paths_dict | combine({ item:1+found_paths_dict.get(item,
      0) }) }}"
    loop: '{{ find_command.results | map(attribute=''files'') | flatten | map(attribute=''path'')
      | list }}'

  - name: Get path with most syscalls
    set_fact: audit_file="{{ (found_paths_dict | dict2items() | sort(attribute='value')
      | last).key }}"
    when: found_paths | length >= 1

  - name: No file with syscall found, set path to /etc/audit/rules.d/perm_mod.rules
    set_fact: audit_file="/etc/audit/rules.d/perm_mod.rules"
    when: found_paths | length == 0

  - name: Declare found syscalls
    set_fact: syscalls_found="{{ find_command.results | selectattr('matched') | map(attribute='item')
      | list }}"

  - name: Declare missing syscalls
    set_fact: missing_syscalls="{{ syscalls | difference(syscalls_found) }}"

  - name: Replace the audit rule in {{ audit_file }}
    lineinfile:
      path: '{{ audit_file }}'
      regexp: (-a always,exit -F arch=b32)(?=.*(?:(?:-S |,)(?:{{ syscalls_per_file[audit_file]
        | join("|") }}))\b)((?:( -S |,)\w+)+)( -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset (?:-k
        |-F key=)\w+)
      line: \1\2\3{{ missing_syscalls | join("\3") }}\4
      backrefs: true
      state: present
    when: syscalls_found | length > 0 and missing_syscalls | length > 0

  - name: Add the audit rule to {{ audit_file }}
    lineinfile:
      path: '{{ audit_file }}'
      line: -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S {{ syscalls | join(',') }} -F auid>=1000
        -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
      create: true
      mode: o-rwx
      state: present
    when: syscalls_found | length == 0

  - name: Declare list of syscalls
    set_fact:
      syscalls:
      - chown
      syscall_grouping:
      - chown
      - fchown
      - fchownat
      - lchown

  - name: Check existence of chown in /etc/audit/audit.rules
    find:
      paths: /etc/audit
      contains: -a always,exit -F arch=b32(( -S |,)\w+)*(( -S |,){{ item }})+(( -S
        |,)\w+)* -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset (-k\s+|-F\s+key=)\S+\s*$
      patterns: audit.rules
    register: find_command
    loop: '{{ (syscall_grouping + syscalls) | unique }}'

  - name: Set path to /etc/audit/audit.rules
    set_fact: audit_file="/etc/audit/audit.rules"

  - name: Declare found syscalls
    set_fact: syscalls_found="{{ find_command.results | selectattr('matched') | map(attribute='item')
      | list }}"

  - name: Declare missing syscalls
    set_fact: missing_syscalls="{{ syscalls | difference(syscalls_found) }}"

  - name: Replace the audit rule in {{ audit_file }}
    lineinfile:
      path: '{{ audit_file }}'
      regexp: (-a always,exit -F arch=b32)(?=.*(?:(?:-S |,)(?:{{ syscalls_found |
        join("|") }}))\b)((?:( -S |,)\w+)+)( -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset (?:-k |-F
        key=)\w+)
      line: \1\2\3{{ missing_syscalls | join("\3") }}\4
      backrefs: true
      state: present
    when: syscalls_found | length > 0 and missing_syscalls | length > 0

  - name: Add the audit rule to {{ audit_file }}
    lineinfile:
      path: '{{ audit_file }}'
      line: -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S {{ syscalls | join(',') }} -F auid>=1000
        -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
      create: true
      mode: o-rwx
      state: present
    when: syscalls_found | length == 0
  when:
  - '"audit" in ansible_facts.packages'
  - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  - not ( ansible_architecture == "aarch64" )
  tags:
  - CCE-85690-6
  - CJIS-5.4.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-030250
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.7
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12.1(ii)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12.1(iv)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-3
  - NIST-800-53-AU-3.1
  - NIST-800-53-MA-4(1)(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.4
  - audit_rules_dac_modification_chown
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - restrict_strategy

- name: Perform remediation of Audit rules for chown for 64bit platform
  block:

  - name: Declare list of syscalls
    set_fact:
      syscalls:
      - chown
      syscall_grouping:
      - chown
      - fchown
      - fchownat
      - lchown

  - name: Check existence of chown in /etc/audit/rules.d/
    find:
      paths: /etc/audit/rules.d
      contains: -a always,exit -F arch=b64(( -S |,)\w+)*(( -S |,){{ item }})+(( -S
        |,)\w+)* -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset (-k\s+|-F\s+key=)\S+\s*$
      patterns: '*.rules'
    register: find_command
    loop: '{{ (syscall_grouping + syscalls) | unique }}'

  - name: Reset syscalls found per file
    set_fact:
      syscalls_per_file: {}
      found_paths_dict: {}

  - name: Declare syscalls found per file
    set_fact: syscalls_per_file="{{ syscalls_per_file | combine( {item.files[0].path
      :[item.item] + syscalls_per_file.get(item.files[0].path, []) } ) }}"
    loop: '{{ find_command.results | selectattr(''matched'') | list }}'

  - name: Declare files where syscalls were found
    set_fact: found_paths="{{ find_command.results | map(attribute='files') | flatten
      | map(attribute='path') | list }}"

  - name: Count occurrences of syscalls in paths
    set_fact: found_paths_dict="{{ found_paths_dict | combine({ item:1+found_paths_dict.get(item,
      0) }) }}"
    loop: '{{ find_command.results | map(attribute=''files'') | flatten | map(attribute=''path'')
      | list }}'

  - name: Get path with most syscalls
    set_fact: audit_file="{{ (found_paths_dict | dict2items() | sort(attribute='value')
      | last).key }}"
    when: found_paths | length >= 1

  - name: No file with syscall found, set path to /etc/audit/rules.d/perm_mod.rules
    set_fact: audit_file="/etc/audit/rules.d/perm_mod.rules"
    when: found_paths | length == 0

  - name: Declare found syscalls
    set_fact: syscalls_found="{{ find_command.results | selectattr('matched') | map(attribute='item')
      | list }}"

  - name: Declare missing syscalls
    set_fact: missing_syscalls="{{ syscalls | difference(syscalls_found) }}"

  - name: Replace the audit rule in {{ audit_file }}
    lineinfile:
      path: '{{ audit_file }}'
      regexp: (-a always,exit -F arch=b64)(?=.*(?:(?:-S |,)(?:{{ syscalls_per_file[audit_file]
        | join("|") }}))\b)((?:( -S |,)\w+)+)( -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset (?:-k
        |-F key=)\w+)
      line: \1\2\3{{ missing_syscalls | join("\3") }}\4
      backrefs: true
      state: present
    when: syscalls_found | length > 0 and missing_syscalls | length > 0

  - name: Add the audit rule to {{ audit_file }}
    lineinfile:
      path: '{{ audit_file }}'
      line: -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S {{ syscalls | join(',') }} -F auid>=1000
        -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
      create: true
      mode: o-rwx
      state: present
    when: syscalls_found | length == 0

  - name: Declare list of syscalls
    set_fact:
      syscalls:
      - chown
      syscall_grouping:
      - chown
      - fchown
      - fchownat
      - lchown

  - name: Check existence of chown in /etc/audit/audit.rules
    find:
      paths: /etc/audit
      contains: -a always,exit -F arch=b64(( -S |,)\w+)*(( -S |,){{ item }})+(( -S
        |,)\w+)* -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset (-k\s+|-F\s+key=)\S+\s*$
      patterns: audit.rules
    register: find_command
    loop: '{{ (syscall_grouping + syscalls) | unique }}'

  - name: Set path to /etc/audit/audit.rules
    set_fact: audit_file="/etc/audit/audit.rules"

  - name: Declare found syscalls
    set_fact: syscalls_found="{{ find_command.results | selectattr('matched') | map(attribute='item')
      | list }}"

  - name: Declare missing syscalls
    set_fact: missing_syscalls="{{ syscalls | difference(syscalls_found) }}"

  - name: Replace the audit rule in {{ audit_file }}
    lineinfile:
      path: '{{ audit_file }}'
      regexp: (-a always,exit -F arch=b64)(?=.*(?:(?:-S |,)(?:{{ syscalls_found |
        join("|") }}))\b)((?:( -S |,)\w+)+)( -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset (?:-k |-F
        key=)\w+)
      line: \1\2\3{{ missing_syscalls | join("\3") }}\4
      backrefs: true
      state: present
    when: syscalls_found | length > 0 and missing_syscalls | length > 0

  - name: Add the audit rule to {{ audit_file }}
    lineinfile:
      path: '{{ audit_file }}'
      line: -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S {{ syscalls | join(',') }} -F auid>=1000
        -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
      create: true
      mode: o-rwx
      state: present
    when: syscalls_found | length == 0
  when:
  - '"audit" in ansible_facts.packages'
  - ansible_virtualization_type not in ["docker", "lxc", "openvz", "podman", "container"]
  - not ( ansible_architecture == "aarch64" )
  - audit_arch == "b64"
  tags:
  - CCE-85690-6
  - CJIS-5.4.1.1
  - DISA-STIG-SLES-15-030250
  - NIST-800-171-3.1.7
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12.1(ii)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-12.1(iv)
  - NIST-800-53-AU-3
  - NIST-800-53-AU-3.1
  - NIST-800-53-MA-4(1)(a)
  - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3
  - PCI-DSSv4-10.3.4
  - audit_rules_dac_modification_chown
  - low_complexity
  - low_disruption
  - medium_severity
  - reboot_required
  - restrict_strategy

Rule Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - fchmod [ref]
At a minimum, the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. If the `auditd` daemon is configured to use the `augenrules` program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix `.rules` in the directory `/etc/audit/rules.d`: -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fchmod -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fchmod -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod If the `auditd` daemon is configured to use the `auditctl` utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to `/etc/audit/audit.rules` file: -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fchmod -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fchmod -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod Warning: Note that these rules can be configured in a number of ways while still achieving the desired effect. Here the system calls have been placed independent of other system calls. Grouping these system calls with others as identifying earlier in this guide is more efficient.
Rationale:	The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.
Severity:	medium
Rule ID:	xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_dac_modification_fchmod